MATRICES

EIGEN VALUES AND EIGEN VECTORS PART -A 1 1 1 1. Find the characteristic equation of the matrix A = 0 1 0 . 1 1 1 2 2 1 2. Two eigen values of the matrix A = 1 3 1 are equal to 1 each. Find the eigen values of A 1 2 2
1

6 2 2 3. The product of two eigen values of the matrix A = 2 3 1 is 16. Find the third eigen 2 1 3 value. 2 0 1 4. Find the sum and product of the eigen values of the matrix A = 0 2 0 . 1 0 2 7 4 4 5. One of the eigen values of 4 8 1 is -9. Find the other two eigen values. 4 1 8 6. Let be an eigen value of a non-singular matrix A with eigen vector X. Show that eigen value of A 1 with eigen vector X. 4 1 3 7. Given that A = , find the eigen values of A . 3 2 1 2 8. Prove that eigen value of -3A-1 are the same as those of A= . 2 1 2 3 1 9. Find the eigen value of corresponding to the eigen vector 0 . 0 4
3 3 3 3 10. If 1 , 2 , 3 ,... n are the eigen values of an n n matrix A, then show that 1 , 2 , 3 ,... n are the eigen values of A 3 .

1 is an

1 2 5 11. Find the sum and product of the eigen values of A = 2 3 4 . 3 6 7 3 1 4 12. Find the eigen values of A 2 & A 1 given the matrix A = 0 2 6 . 0 0 5 13. Two eigen values of a 3x3 matrix A are 2,8 and lAl=32. Find the eigen values of A 1 . 4 1 14. Find the eigen values of 3A 2 & 2A 2 if A = . 3 2 8 6 2 15. If 3 and 15 are the eigen values of A = 6 7 4 find lAl, without expanding the 2 4 3 determinant. 3 5 3 16. Find the eigen value of adjA, if A = 0 4 6 . 0 0 1 1 6 1 17. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of A 2 , where A = 1 2 0 . 0 0 3 3 0 0 18. Find the sum of the eigen values of the inverse of A = 8 4 0 . 6 2 5 2 2 1 19. Two eigen values of A = 1 3 1 are equal to 1 each find the eigen value of A 3 . 1 2 2

a 4 20. Find the constants a and b such that the matrix has 3 and -2 as its eigen values. 1 b 2

21. If is an eigen value of a square matrix A. Prove that of A 1

1 is an eigen value

22. Prove that, if X is an eigen vector of A corresponding to an eigen value , then any non-zero scalar multiple of X is also an eigen vector of A. PART-B 1. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of the following matrices

2 2 (i) 2 1
4 1 (iv) 1 1 4 1 1 1 4

1 (ii) 2 2

2 1 2

2 2 1

2 (iii) 1 1

2 3 2

1 1 2

6 2 2 (v) 2 3 1 2 1 3

11 4 7 (vi) 7 2 5 1 0 4 6
2 2 0 (ix) 2 1 1 7 2 3
2 (xii) 2 0 2 1 1 7 2 3

3 (vii) 1 1

4 2 1

4 4 3

1 0 0 (viii) 0 3 1 0 1 3
7 (xi) 2 0 2 6 2 0 2 5

8 6 2 (x) 6 7 4 2 4 3
3 10 5 (xiii) 2 3 4 3 5 7

2 3 1 1 3 (xiv) 3 5 2 4

5 0 1 (xv) 0 2 0 1 0 5

2 (xvi) 0 0

1 2 0

0 1 2

2 2 3 1 6 (xvii) 2 1 2 0

2. Find the matrix of A, whose eigen values are 2,3,6 and the eigen vector

3. If

is an eigen value of a non-singular matrix A. Show that |A| /

(1

T T T 0 1) , (1 1 1) and (1 2 1) .

is an eigen value of the

matrix adj A. 4. Prove that the eigen values of a real symmetric matrix must be real. 5. Prove that the product of two orthogonal matrices is an orthogonal matrix. CAYLEY-HAMILTON THEOREM PART -A 1. State Cayley-Hamilton theorem and give two uses of it. 3 2. Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the matrix A = 1 1 3. Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem find the inverse of 2 PART-B 1 . 5 4 . 3

1. Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem find the inverse of the matrix 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 i. ii. 1 iii. 1 1 3 0 2 4 4 1 iv. 2 3 2 1 1 3 4 1

0 2 0

2 4 2

1 v. 2 1

1 2 1

1 3 3

13 vi. 0 15

3 5 4 0 9 7

2 2 7 6 1 2 vii. 6 2 1 2 1 1 2. Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the matrix A = 1 2 1 and hence find A1 . 1 1 2 2 1 3. Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem find A1 and A3 + A6 if A= . 5 2

4. Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem find

A4 if
4

A=

1 1 1 1 2 3 (i) 2 1 3

1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 (ii) (iii) 1 1 1 2

0 1 1

3 1 1

5. Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem evaluate the matrix 2 1 1 A8 5 A7 + 7 A6 3 A5 + A4 5 A3 8 A2 + 2 A I if A = 0 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 1 6. Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the matrix A = and hence find A and 4 3 A3 7. Find the characteristic equation of in terms of A 2 , A and I. DIAGONALISATION OF A MATRIX PART -A 1. If A is orthogonal then , prove that A = 1 . cos 2. Prove that sin sin is orthogonal . cos 2 A = 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 and hence express the matrix A 5 2

3. If A is an orthogonal matrix, show that A 1 is also orthogonal PART B 1. Diagonalise the matrix by using similarity transformation 1 3 a) 2 4
2 b) 2 7 2 1 2 0 1 3
1 1 1

2 c) 2 0

2 1 1

7 2 3

3 1 1 d) 1 5 1 1 1 3

1 e) 1 2

0 2 2

1 1 1

1 f) 1 2

0 2 2

7 2 0 g) 2 6 2 0 2 5

2 h) 1 1

2 3 2

1 1 2

11 4 7 i) 7 2 5 10 4 6

2. Diagonalise the matrix by using orthogonal transformation 6 2 2 b) 2 3 1 2 1 3

2 a) 0 1

0 3 0

1 0 2

3 1 1 c) 1 5 1 1 1 3

10 2 5 3 d) 2 2 5 3 5

1 1 3 e) 1 5 1 3 1 1
2 1 1 i) 1 1 2 1 2 1

8 6 2 f) 6 7 4 2 4 3

1 3 1 1 3 1 g) 1 1 3

2 0 h) 4

0 6 0

4 0 2

3. Prove that the product of two orthogonal matrices is an orthogonal matrix QUADRATIC FORM PART A 1. 2.
2 2 Classify the quadratic form x 1 + x 3 and x 1 - x 2 . 2 2 Determine the nature of the following quadratic form f(x 1 ,x 2 ,x 3 ) = x 1 +2 x 2 . 2 2

3. Determine the nature of the following quadratic form without reducing them to canonical form

2 x1 + x 22 3 x32 + 12 x1 x 2 8 x 2 x3 4 x3 x1 .
2

PART B

1. Reduce the Quadratic form to a canonical form by an orthogonal transformation. Also find the rank, index and signature i) 2x 1 x 2 +2x 2 x 3 +2x 3 x 1

ii) x 2 + 2 y 2 + z 2 2 xy + 2 yz iii) 3 x 2 2 y 2 z 2 + 12 yz + 8 zx 4 xy iv) 6 x 2 + 3 y 2 + 3 z 2 4 xy 2 yz + 4 xz v) 2 x1 + x2 3 x3 + 12 x1 x 2 8 x2 x3 4 x3 x1

2 2 2

vi) 6 x 2 4 xy + 3 y 2 vii) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2 xy 2 yz 2 zx viii) 3 x1 + 3 x 2 + 3 x3 + 2 x1 x 2 2 x2 x3 + 2 x3 x1

2 2 2

ix) 2 x1 + x2 3 x3 + 12 x1 x 2 8 x2 x3 + 2 x3 x1
2 2 2

x)

x1 + x22 x3 2 x1 x2 + 2 x2 x3
2 2

xi) 3x 2 + 5 y 2 + 3z 2 2 yz + 2 zx 2 xy 2 2 2 xii) x1 + 5 x2 + x3 + 2 x1 x 2 + 2 x2 x3 + 6 x3 x1 xiii) 2 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 +2xy 2xy 4yz

2 2 2

xiv) 2 x1 + x2 + x3 + 2 x1 x 2 2 x1 x3 4 x2 x3 2. Find an orthogonal transformation which requires the quadratic form

2 2 2 x12 + 2 x2 + x3 + 4 x1 x2 to sum of squares form.

TUTORIAL 1(A)

PART-A 6 2 2 1. The product of two eigen values of the matrix A = 2 3 1 is 16. Find the third 2 1 3 eigen value. 8 6 2 2. If 3 and 15 are the eigen values of A = 6 7 4 find lAl, without expanding the 2 4 3 determinant. a 4 3. Find the constants a and b such that the matrix has 3 and -2 as its eigen values. 1 b 4. If

is an eigen value of a square matrix A . Prove that

1 is an eigen value of A 1

5. If the sum of the two eigen values and trace of a 3 3 matrix A are equal, find the value of det(A). PART-B 6. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of the following matrices

2 2 1 (i) 1 3 1 1 2 2
7.

(ii)

3 1 1

4 2 1

4 4 3

Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the matrix

2 2 7 2 (i) 6 1 6 2 1
8.

1 3 1 1 3 3 (ii) 2 4 4

Cayley-Hamilton theorem.

1 0 0 State Cayley-Hamilton theorem. If A = 1 0 1 . Find A 1 and 0 1 0 TUTORIAL -1(B)

A4 using

PART-A 3 1 1. Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the matrix A = . 1 5 2. Show that A = A , given A =
1

0 1 1 0

3. If A is orthogonal then , prove that A = 1 . 4. 5. Prove that

cos sin

sin is orthogonal . cos

If A is an orthogonal matrix, show that A 1 is also orthogonal.

PART-B 6. Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem find A1 if

1 2 1 (i) A = 2 2 1 1 1 3

7. Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem evaluate the matrix 2 A8 5 A7 + 7 A6 3 A5 + A4 5 A3 8 A2 + 2 A I if A = 0 1 8. Diagonalise the matrix by using similarity transformation 1 1 1 1 0 2

(i)

2 2 0

2 1 1

7 2 3

9. Diagonalise the matrix by using orthogonal transformation

(i)

8 6 2 6 7 4 2 4 3

(ii)

2 1 1

1 1 2

1 2 1

TUTORIAL -1(C)
PART-A

1. Classify the quadratic form x1 + x3

2

and

2 x1 x2 .
2 2

2 2. Determine the nature of the following quadratic form f(x 1 ,x 2 ,x 3 ) = x 1 +2 x 2 2

3. Determine the nature of the following quadratic form without reducing them 2 to canonical form 2 x1 + x 22 3 x32 + 12 x1 x 2 8 x 2 x3 4 x3 x1

PART B 4. Reduce the following Quadratic form to a canonical form by an orthogonal transformation. Also find the rank, index and signature (i) 6 x 2 + 3 y 2 + 3 z 2 4 xy 2 yz + 4 xz (ii) x + 5 y + z + 2 xy + 2 yz + 6 zx
2 2 2

(iii) x + y + 4 yz + 4 zx
2 2

(iv) x + 2 y + z 2 xy + 2 yz
2 2 2

(v) 2 x1 x2 + 2 x1 x3 2 x 2 x3

10