Name: V Trn Phng Tho Students code: 0957010228 Class: 09CNTN

Chapter 3: Reviewing the literature:

We need to go through the existing literature to acquaint ourselves with the available body of knowledge in our area of interest. It helps: bring clarity and focus, improve your methodology, broaden knowledge on the research area. The literature review involves a paradox: on one hand, you cannot effectively undertake a literature search without idea of the problem. On the other, the literature review plays an important role in shaping your research problem. While investigating, you can select the best method for your research. Reviewing the literature is a continuous process which begins before a specific research problem and continues until the report is finished. To effectively search for literature in your field of inquiry, you must have in mind what you want to investigate in order to set parameters for your search. Next compile a bibliography for this broad area from two sources: books and journals. Then, we need to review the literature selected by reading them critically to pull together themes and issues that belong together. Next, develop a theoretical framework by reviewing the lecture in relation to some main themes pertinent to your research topic. The conceptual framework stems from the theoretical framework and concentrates on one section of that theoretical framework. The latter consists of the theories or issues in which your study is embedded; the former describes the aspects you selected from the theoretical framework to become the basis of your study. The conceptual framework is the basis of your research problem.

Chapter 4: Formulating a research problem

The formulation of a research problem is the most important step of the research problem. A research problem is like the foundation of a building. If its wellformulated, you can expect a good study to follow. The quality and validity is entirely dependent on it. When selecting a research problem, you should consider: interest, magnitude, measurement of concepts, level of expertise, relevance, availability of data and ethical issues. Steps in the formulation of a research problem: identify interest, dissect the broad area into sub-areas, select a sub-area, raise research question, formulate objectives, assess these objectives, double check. The main objective is an overall statement of the focus of your study. The sub-objectives are the specific aspects of the topic that you want to investigate within the main framework of your study

In the research study it is important establish a set of rules, indicators to establish the meaning of words/items. It is also important to define clearly the study population from which you need to obtain the required information.