2012

2011-EE-325 SANA AKRAM

SUBMITTED TO: MR. UBAIDULLAH RANJHA

[ROLE OF ULAMA AND MASHAIKH IN FREEDOM MOVEMENT]

Role of Ulama and Mashaikh in Freedom Movement October 5, 2012

The services rendered by the ulama and mashaikh for the cause of Pakistan will go in the pages of history in golden letters. These venerated personalities experienced innumerable hardships in spreading the message of freedom. They held meetings and convinced the people to support the Muslim League. The ulama and mashaikh extended their profound assistance to the Quaid-e-Azam and made his task easier. They took active part in the proceedings of the meetings where the famous Lahore resolution was passed. The ulama and mashaikh remained with the Muslim League and the Quaid during the election campaigns in 1936 and 1946. They toured the whole of the sub-continent and informed the Muslims of the atrocious policies adopted by the British and the Hindus, against the muslims. The most prominent of the venerated ulama were: Allama Shabbir Ahmad Usmani Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi Pir Syed Jammat Ali Shah Pir Saheb Manki Shreef Maulana Abdul Hamid Badayuni The great services rendered by them are stated briefly.

ALLAMA SHABBIR AHMAD USMANI:

Allama Shabbir Ahmad Usmani was an erudite religious scholar, an author and a sincere political leader. His efforts, first for the creation

Role of Ulama and Mashaikh in Freedom Movement October 5, 2012

of Pakistan and then after its creation, for the establishment of a truly Islamic system are indeed laudable. He was born on October 6, 1885 at Bijnour (UP). He was educated from the renowned Darul Uloom of Deoband, where Shaikhul Hind, Mahmud-ul-Hasan was one of his teachers. He had been teaching for many years. He also taught Sahih Muslim and Sahih-al-Bukhari. Allama Shabbir completed the Tafsir-ul-Quran, left unfinished by Maulana Mahmud-ul Hasan. Allama Saheb was one of those few Deoband Alims who fought for

the establishment of Pakistan. In 1944, he became a member of the Muslim

League. He extended his staunch support to the Quaid-e-Azam and sided with

him against the volleys of attacks from other ulama against the Quaid. He warned the Muslims to beware of the Hindu and Congress designs, and not to be swayed the Muslim League. by their false propaganda. He also advised Muslims to come under the banner of

counteract the anti-Pakistan propaganda and activities of the Jamiat Ulama-e-

Usmani also founded the Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam in 1945 to

Hind. He served as JUI's president until his death. Usmani's notable works is Tark-

e-Muvalaat Par Mufassal Tabsera, a pamphlet written in 1921, requesting the

by the British government.

ulama to lead the Muslims of India against the British. This pamphlet was banned

the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, and remained a member until his death. He is remembered for having spearheaded the Qarardad-e-Maqasid, which was passed by the constituent assembly on March 12, 1949. Usmani was given the honor of inaugurating and flying the flag of Pakistan.

After the Partition of India, Usmani became a member of

Role of Ulama and Mashaikh in Freedom Movement October 5, 2012

December 13, 1949, and was buried at Islamia College, Karachi. Usmani's other Islam, and Khutbat-e-Usmani.

Usmani died at Baghdadul Jadid in Bahawalpur State on

literary works include Hamara Pakistan (a pamphlet written in 1942), Hamara

MUALANA ASHRAF ALI THANVI:

Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi was born in 1863 in Thana Bhawan (U.P.). He was educated at Darul Uloom, Deoband. For most of the time, he devoted himself to the impart of religious knowledge. He was the Murshid of Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani and Mufti Muhammad Shafi who supported Mohammad Ali Jinnah during Pakistan movement.

He disliked students and teachers involvement in politics. He was of the view that both the teachers and the students should only devote themselves to their

Maulana Thanvi refrained Muslims from joining the Congress.

studies. The Quaid and Maulana Thanvi did not have any face to face meeting. Thanvi said:

But it is on record that they exchanged letters. On 15 September 1938 Maulana

during the league-congress negotiation, i wrote a letter to the president of the muslim league, mr. jinnah, stressing upon him that the final settlement must include the religious rights of the muslims. i also asked him to consult the ulama about religious matters. he very politely assured me to follow my suggestion. It was Congress rule (1937-1939) which brought the Quaid and

Maulana Thanvi mentally closer than ever before. The Congress, after coming

into power, made Urdu language its main target. Both the Quaid and Maulana

Role of Ulama and Mashaikh in Freedom Movement October 5, 2012

Thanvi condemned the Congress for its anti-Urdu move. Maulana Thanvi issued a fatwa declaring the protection of Urdu equivalent to that of the protection of Deen .

as poisonous for Muslims religious life. The Congress, through the Wardha Scheme, tried to liquidate the Two Nation theory. The scheme aimed at the creation of a nation of believers of joint Nationalism.

Maulana strongly criticized the Wardha Scheme and termed it

contributions are in the order of eight hundred to one thousand in number, including sermons, discussions, discourses, treatises, and books.

Thanwi died in Thana Bhawan on July 4, 1943. His literary

MAULANA ABDUL HAMID BADAYUNI:

teaching Islamic education at Badayun. He was a trusted and selfless worker of the Muslim League. Maulana was born in 1898. He began his career by

started his political career when he came out to curb the influence of Shudhi

His association to the Muslim League dated back to 1918. He

movement. He exposed the fallacy of this movement and asked the Muslims to

keep away from it. He actively took part in the Khilafat movement. He organized All India Sunni Conference at Banaras in 1946. He also served as the president of Jamiat-e-Ulama-e-Pakistan

criticized Nehru Report and undertook extensive tours to mobilize public

Maulana firmly believed in two nation theory. He severely

opinion against the report. He participated in the annual meeting of the Muslim

League at Lahore in 1940 as a representative of the mashaikh. His speeches were

Role of Ulama and Mashaikh in Freedom Movement October 5, 2012

greatly instrumental in dispersing the influence of Ehrars, who had gained considerable ground.

organized the freedom movement in Balochistan. He was a close associate of the

He toured the KPK to promote the freedom movement. He also

Quaid-e-Azam and accompanied him wherever he went. He played an important role in holding a meeting between the Nizam of Daccan and the Quaid-e-Azam. Maulana died in 1970. He was always a grat source of

strength and sacrifice for the Muslim League Council.

PIR SYED JAMMAT ALI SHAH:

Syed Jamaat Ali Shah was a renowned Naqashbandi sufi of late 19 and early 20 century. He was born in 1841 in village Alipur Sayyaidan in Narowal District of Punjab. Pir Syed Jamaat Ali Shah was Syed from both maternal and paternal sides. His parents were lineal descendants of Syed

large contingent of Persians accompanying the second Mughal Emperor, Humayun, in his campaign to re-conquer India.

Muhammad Saeed Nauruz Shah Shirazi, who had come to India along with a

movement. He undertook strenuous travelling throughout the country to muster support for the Muslim League. He was a leading personality in all of the major movements of that time such as the Khilafat Movement, the movement for the recovery of Shaheed Ganj Mosque in Lahore, and he was especially active, against the Arya Samaj movement and helped to save the iman of countless e-Millat, for sincerely leading the Shaheedganj Movement.

Pir Shah Saheb rendered invaluable services to the freedom

Muslims with his tireless efforts. Shah sahib was given the proud title of Ameer-

Role of Ulama and Mashaikh in Freedom Movement October 5, 2012

candidates during elections of 1946. He issued a fatwa saying that :

He launched an extensive campaign in favor of Muslim League

muslims would not read the janazah prayer of anyone who did not vote for Pakistan, also, Congress supporters would not be buried in muslim graveyard. He sent a tasbih and a prayer mat to the Quaid too, and

asked him to pray regularly.He also remained in contact with the Quaid through letters.

Sunni Conference (1925) and presided all three All India Sunni Conferences main objective of AISC was to unite the Sunni majority of the sub continenet. condemned Muslim League, and denounced its prominent leaders, such as

He was also elected the founding president of All India

held respectively in Muradabad (1925), Badaun (1935), and Benarus (1946). The Many nationalist Muslim leaders and nationalist Muslim groups, such as Ahrar, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, for his westernized and un-Islamic way of life. So these congress and pro-congress leaders conspired to disrupt the AISC against the stood up to deliver presidential address, he spoke in a voice: Quaid. Pir Saheb got wind of the plan but remained cool and calm. When he

people dub Jinnah as infidel, but, I call him a saint. people express their own opinion but I say it in the light of Quran and creates love and reverence for them in the hearts of people (Quran). Now is there anybody other than Jinnah who is loved and respected by ten crore Muslims of India. Therefore, you may call him infidel, but in my eyes he is a saint. Shah saheb played an instrumental role in Pakistan

Movement by supporting All India Muslim League and Quaid-e-Azam

Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He passed on to his creator in 1951. On 14th August,

Role of Ulama and Mashaikh in Freedom Movement October 5, 2012

1987, Government of Punjab awarded Syed Jamaat Ali Shah with Tehrik-iPakistan Award for his services in the Pakistan Movement. Pir Saheb often says: huzoor khwaja ghareeb nawaz planted the seed of Islam in the sub-continent but it was Mujaddid Alf Sani (RA), who defended it during the Akbar and Jahangeer trials against islam.

PIR SAHEB MANKI SHARIF:

Pir of Manki Sharif, is among those luminaries who made great contribution towards successful journey of Pakistan Movement. Syed Mohammad Aminul Hassnat, broadly known as

Born in a distinguished family of religious scholars and saints, on February 01, 1922, at Manki Sharif district Nowshehra, Pir of Manki Sharif received his early education comprising mainly of religion based subjects. Pir Sahib occupied his family ancestral Gaddi only when he was twelve due to his father, Pir Abdul Rauf, demise in 1934.

rendered great services to the Muslim League. He joined Muslim League in 1945

He was a valiant fighter for the cause of freedom and

to counter Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khans anti-Muslims and anti-Pakistan activities. One of the major contributions of Pir Sahib was the establishment

of an organization Jamiat-ul-Sufia to unite the ulama, pirs and mashaikh for historic meeting of the ulama and mashaikh at Peshawar, which passed

advancement of Pakistan Movement. On October 1, 1945, Hasanat organized a

Role of Ulama and Mashaikh in Freedom Movement October 5, 2012

resolutions expressing full loyalty to the Muslim League and reposing complete confidence in Jinnah's leadership.

morale of Pir Sahib and his devoted followers, who played very active role in the

Jinnahs visit of Manki Sharif on November 24, 1945 boosted the

referendum for Pakistan in KPK. He was known as Fateh-e-Refrendum by 1945. For his scathing criticism of the Indian National Congress, he was imprisoned by but he did not budge from his early stance. the congress Government led by Dr. Khan Sahib, the Chief Minister of the NWFP,

in KPK. He got retired from politics in 1955 but played active role to build a bridge between the Opposition and the Government after his retirement. January 05, 1960. He was buried at Manki Sharif.

He was mainly responsible for organizing the freedom movement

He died on January 28, 1960, shortly after a car accident near Fateh Jang, on

He was the