Stellar formation. If you see the sky at the night, you will see a lot of star.

But, do you know the star has evolution? Yeah, in here, I will present about stellar evolution or star evolution. For the first, the evolution of star is started from the collapse of the interstellar medium (ISM), it is the dust and gas between the stars. The interstellar medium is seen as the dark dust lanes in the Milky Way (or in other galaxies), or by its eects on starlight: reddening and extinction. It is also observed more directly as reection or emission nebulae. It will become clump. Under the inuence of gravity alone, clumps should take approximately 100,000 years to collapse. For the next stage is Protostar. A protostar is a clump of a giant molecular cloud that is collapsing rapidly, but has not yet formed a star. Protostar is the stage from shortly before the gravity overcomes the magnetic eld to the time that the star ignites. (McGraw.Hill.Astronomy.Demystified:2002) In this stage, protostar rotates, and it causes the cloud to flatten as it collapses. When temperature and pressure of it increases, it will become opaques, but the collapse doesnt stop. After that the star begins pushing mass away, produce winds. The winds produced are very massive, about 10 solar masses per year. The pressure and the temperature will increase continue to rise in the portion of the protostar. Eventually hydrogen fusion begins, and the protostar moves onto the main sequence. The lifetime of stars in the main-sequence depend on the properties of the star. The Suns mainsequence lifetime is estimated at about 10 billion years. Approximately 4.5 billion of those years have already passed. To remain stable for such a long time, stars must meet two equilibrium conditions. They are thermal equilibrium and hydrostatic equilibrium. The next stage is Red Giant, in this stage the radius of the star is increase and the temperature is decrease. For the next stage, the initial mass of the star has a big role. For the star that has mass less than 8 solar mass, it will become Planetary nebulae, it release a lot of material of its star. And the material will become the next material star formation. Until the enegy of hyfrogen fusion, it becomes white dwarf, and then black dwarf. And the star that has mass more than 8 solar mass, it will become nova or supernova. It almost same with planetary nebulae, but in this stage, the star not only release the material of the star, but also explode. The explosion is very big, almost of stars material are released. The residue is the core. For the star that has mass 8-10 solar mass, the core will become neutron star. But, for the star that has mass more than 10 solar mass, it will become black hole. In black hole, there is big curvature of space-time, and the light cant release from it in the certain radius, its called Schwarzschilds radius. The released material also becomes the next material star formation. And it happens continually in long period.

1. Evolusi bintang memakan waktu yang sangat lama. Bagaimana para astronom mempelajari keseluruhan prosesnya tanpa harus menunggu sangat lama ? 2. Apa pengaruh massa bintang dengan lamanya evolusi bintang? 3. Bagaimana kita dapat menggambarkan perlajanan evolusi bintang? 4. Bagaimana dengan matahari, matahari kan juga sebuah bintang, sedang dalam tahapan apa matahari itu?