2011 ANSYS, Inc.

March 15, 2012 1

Improving Your Structural
Mechanics Simulations with
Release 14.0
Mai Doan Mai.Doan@ansys.com
Sreekanth Akarapu Sreekanth.Akarapu@ansys.com
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 2
Structural Mechanics Themes
MAPDL/WB Integration
Physics coupling
Rotating machines
Composites & Fracture Mechanics
Application Customization
Advanced Modeling
Performance
Thin structures modeling
Contact analysis
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 3
What will Release 14.0 bring you?
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 4
MAPDL/WB Integration
Finite Element Information Access within
ANSYS Mechanical
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 5
ANSYS Workbench is
originally a geometry based
tool. Many users however
also need to control and
access the finite element
information:
Motivation
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 6
Spot Welds
Connections created
internally at the
solution level are
available and can help
understand the results
Reviewing Connections
Weak springs and MPC contacts
as generated by the solver
Visually review constraint equations generated
by the solver
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 7
Nodes can be grouped into named
selections based on selection logic
(nsel), using locations or other
characteristics or manual
selections
Selections of Nodes
Box Selection Node Picking Lasso Selection
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 8
Applying Loads and Orientations to Nodes
Nodal orientation
allows users to orient
nodes in an arbitrary
coordinate system.
Direct FE loads and
boundary conditions can
be applied to selections
of nodes.
Nodes are oriented in cylindrical system for loads and
boundary condition definitions
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 9
Results on Node Selections
Results are displayed on
elements for which all
nodes are selected.
Nodes named selections
allow to scope on specific
regions of the mesh or
remove undesired areas.
Results with first layer of
quads removed
Results on quads layers only
Nodes selections also
allow to post-process
results locally on a
model
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 10
Restart and Direct FE Loads
Nodal Forces and Pressures objects can
be added to a restart analysis without
causing the restart points to become
invalid.
Other loads can now be modified
without losing the restart points.
Analysis Settings tabular data:
No restart point is lost
Added after
initial solve
Second Load step
modified for restart
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 11
Pipe exposure in Mechanical
Line Bodies can now be
modeled as beams or
pipes
Special pipe pressure
and temperature loading
is available
Pipe specific results can
be accessed via User
defined Results
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 12
MAPDL/WB Integration
Linear Dynamics in ANSYS Mechanical
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 13
MSUP Transient Analysis
Motivation
MSUP transient analysis can be computationally much faster than full
transient. It gives accurate results for a linear model having no geometric
and material non-linearity.
Re-use the eigen values/ eigen vector of modal analysis for different mode
superposition transient solves having different damping, output controls
and time marching characteristics
The system dynamic response characteristics is extracted from fewer
dominant modes of the system. These modes provide a basis of the
captured physics pertinent to the users interest
Solution Time Full MSUP
Modal solution time (s) 0 7
Transient time time (s) 343 18
Total Time (s) 343 25
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 14
MSUP Transient Analysis(Contd)
Create MSUP Transient Analysis in WB2 project
schematic by linking Modal Solution cell to
Setup cell of Transient Structural analysis
Appearance of the
MSUP transient linked
to modal inside
mechanical
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 15
Workbench and Mechanical enhancements
Force and Moment Reaction results are
supported for Modal, Harmonic and MSUP
Transient analysis
Joints in Harmonic, Spectrum and PSD
analysis
Pre-Stress MSUP Harmonic Analysis
Reactions for Remote Displacement in PSD
and Response Spectrum
RMB to create contour result from
Frequency/ Phase response in harmonic
analysis
Joints in Harmonic
Analyses
Reaction Forces in a
Harmonic Analyses
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 16
Physics Coupling
Data Mapping
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 17
Motivation
Exchange files are
frequently used to
transfer quantities from
one simulation to
another.
Efficient mapping of
point cloud data is
required to account for
misalignment, non
matching units or scaling
issues.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 18
Supported Data Types
New at R14.0
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 19
Increased Accuracy
The smoothness of the
mapped data depends on the
density of the point cloud.
Several weighting options are
available to accommodate
various data quality:
Triangulation: Works well in many
cases.
Kriging: Regression-based
interpolation technique that can give
smoother mapping
Distance Based Average: Simple
robust method which can give a
mapping when other weightings fail
Triangulation versus Kriging
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 20
Validating the Mapped Data
Visual tools have been
implemented to control how well
the data has been mapped onto
the target structure
Both the size of the spheres and
their color provide indication of
the mapping quality
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 21
Importing Multiple Files
Multiple files can be
imported for transient
analyses or to handle
different data to be
mapped on multiple
bodies
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 22
Rotating Machines
Studying Rotordynamics in ANSYS Mechanical
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 23
Motivation
ANSYS Mechanical users
need to be able to quickly
create shaft geometries
as well as analyze
dynamic characteristics
of rotating systems
Industrial fan (Venti Oelde)
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 24
Geometry Creation
Geometries can be
imported from a CAD
systemor imported
from a simple text
file definition as used
in preliminary design
Models can be
abstract beams
models or full 3D
geometries
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 25
Import/Export of Bearing Characteristics
ANSYS provides an
interface that allows
to import bearing
characteristics from
an external file
Developed and
qualified in
conjunction with the
ROMAC organization.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 26
Specific Solver Settings
Rotordynamics
analyses require a
number of advanced
controls:
Damping
Solver choice
Coriolis effect
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 27
Campbell Diagrams
Campbell diagrams are used to
identify critical speeds of a
rotating shaft for a given range of
shaft velocities
The range of variation of the
rotational velocity is specified as
a table and modal results are
computed for each value
The Campbell diagram shows the
variation of the modes of the
structure with the velocity and
critical speeds are identified as
well as the stability of each mode
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 28
Composites
Enhanced Analysis Workflow and Advanced
Failure Models for Composites
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 29
Motivation
Compared to conventional
materials, simulation of
composites structures are more
challenging: high number of
materials, high number of
layers, definition of the material
orientations, failure and
damage analysis, etc.
Efficient workflows and in-
depth analysis tools are
required to model and
understand complex
composites structures
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 30
Defining Material Properties
Composites material
require specific
definitions
Engineering Data
allows definition of
orthotropic
stress/strain
Orthotropic constants
for failure criteria
(Tsai-Wu, Puck,
LaRc03/04, Hashin)
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 31
Manually Defining Layers on Simple Geometries
Users can define
simple layered
sections for a shell
body as well as define
thicknesses and
angles as parameters
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 32
Defining Layers on Complex Geometries
For complex
geometries, the ANSYS
Composite PrepPost
tool is used and layer
definitions are imported
in the assembly model
in ANSYS Mechanical.
Courtesy of
TU Chemnitz
and GHOST
Bikes GmbH
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 33
Investigating Composites Results
ANSYS Mechanical
supports layerwise
display of results.
ANSYS Composite
PrepPost offers
comprehensive
capabilities for global and
plywise failure analysis.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 34
Advanced Failure Analysis
Crack growth simulation based
on VCCT is available to simulate
interfacial delamination.
Progressive damage is suitable
for determining the ultimate
strength of the composite (last-
ply failure analysis)
2D laminar
composite
Initial crack
Start of damage (layer 1)
Progressed damage (layer 1)
Progressed damage (layer 3)
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 35
Customization
ANSYS Design Assessment
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 36
Motivation
Many of you have
expressed the need for:
Computing and
displaying specific
results
Be able to achieve
more complex User
defined results
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 37
What is Design Assessment?
The Design Assessment system
enables use of Solution Combination,
selection and combination of
upstream results
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 39
Design Assessment for Advanced User Defined
Results
Design Assessment enable
users to extend user defined
results capabilities with:
Expressions using
mathematical operators as
supported by Python
Coordinate systems, Units
Systems
Integration options
Nodal, Element-Nodal &
Elemental result types
Import from external tables
Script used to display scalar element data stored
in an external file
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 40
Customization
Application Customization Toolkit
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 41
Motivation
As a Mechanical User,
you may want to:
Customize menus
Create new loads and
boundary conditions
Create new types of
plots
Reuse APDL scripts
without command
snippets
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 42
What is the Application Customization Toolkit?
The Application
CustomizationToolkit is
a tool that
facilitates customization
of ANSYS Mechanical.
It provides a way to
extend the features
offered by ANSYS
products.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 43
Toolbar Customization through XML Files
<load internalName="Convection on Blade" caption="Convection on Blade" icon="Convection"
issupport="false" isload="true">
<version>1</version>
<callbacks>
<onsolve>Convection_Blade_Computation</onsolve>
</callbacks>
<details>
<property internalName="Geometry" dataType="string" control="scoping"></property>
<property internalName="Thickness" caption="Thickness" dataType="string"
control="text"></property>
<property internalName="Film Coefficient" caption="Film Coefficient" dataType="string"
control="text"></property>
<property internalName="Ambient Temperature" caption="Ambient Temperature"
dataType="string" control="text"></property>
</details>
</load>
XML definition:
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 44
Python Driven Loads and Boundary Conditions
Python script:
# Get the scoped geometry:
propGeo = result.GetDPropertyFromName("Geometry")
refIds = propGeo.Value
# Get the related mesh and create the component:
for refId in refIds:
meshRegion = mesh.MeshRegion(refId)
elementIds = meshRegion.Elements
eid = aap.mesh.element[elementIds[0]].Id
f.write("*get,ntyp,ELEM,"+eid.ToString()+",ATTR,TYPE\n")
f.write("esel,s,type,,ntyp \n cm,component,ELEM")
# Get properties fromthe details view:
propThick = load.GetDPropertyFromName("Thickness")
thickness = propThick.Value
propCoef = load.GetDPropertyFromName("Film Coefficient")
film_coefficient = propCoef.Value
propTemp = load.GetDPropertyFromName("Ambient Temperature")
temperature = propTemp.Value
# Insert the parameters for the APDL commands:
f.write("thickness="+thickness.ToString()+"\n")
f.write("film_coefficient="+film_coefficient.ToString()+"\n")
f.write("temperature="+temperature.ToString()+"\n")
# Reuse the legacy APDL macros:
f.write("/input,APDL_script_for_convection.inp\n")
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 45
Encapsulate APDL macros: Allows re-use of legacy APDL-scripts
and encourages migration from MAPDL to Mechanical via
encapsulated macros
MAPDL exposure: Fills in the gap between the MAPDL solver
capabilities and their exposition in ANSYS Mechanical
Adding new pre-processing features (custom loads and boundary
conditions)
Adding new post-processing features (results)
3rd party/in-house solver integration (Mechanical GUI)
ACT scope at R14.0
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 46
Opportunity to migrate existing process automation from MAPDL to
ANSYS Mechanical
Encapsulate APDL macros
APDL
! APDL_script_for_convection.inp
! Input parameters:
esel,s,type,,10
cm,component,ELEM
thickness = 0.005
film_coefficient = 200.
temperature = 226.85
! Treatment:
/prep7
et,100,152
keyop,100,8,2.
et,1001,131
keyo,1001,3,2
sectype,1001,shell
secdata,thickness,10
secoff,mid
cmsel,s,component
emodif,all,type,1001
emodif,all,secnum,1001
type,100
esurf
fini
alls
/solu
esel,s,type,,100
nsle
sf,all,conv,film_coefficient,temperature
alls
APDL ANSYS Mechanical
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 47
An Example: ACT driven Submodeling
Users simply select the
coarse models results file,
all APDL commands are
automatically created no
more need for command
blocks!
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 48
ACT exposes existing acoustics features available in ANSYS MAPDL solver
in Mechanical without any command objects:
Define acoustics elements
Add specific acoustics material properties
Apply acoustics boundary conditions
Acoustics ACT extension
Underwarter
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 49
ACT allows partners/customers to seamlessly integrate with Mechanical
3
rd
party/in-house solver integration
Tosca structure developed by FE Design
Non parametric optimization solver (topological
optimization)
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R 14 Update
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 51
What will Release 14.0 bring you?
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 52
Advanced Modeling
Material Models
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 53
Motivation
ANSYS provides a
comprehensive library of
advanced materials.
Some users however need
even more advanced models
to include complex nonlinear
phenomena in their
simulations.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 54
Anisotropic Hyperelasticity plus
Viscoelasticity for strain rate effects
Hyperelasticity coupled with Pore
Pressure element
Shape Memory Alloy enhanced with
superelasticity, Memory effect, New
Yield Function, Differentiated Moduli
(Austenite, Martensite)
Holzapfel Model - Capture the
behavior of fiber-reinforced tissue
Advanced Materials
for Biomechanical Applications
Hydrocephalus analysis
Hyperelastic material with porous media
Stent modeling using shape memory alloys
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 55
Nonlinear materials support for
coupled field elements
Coupled field-elements
for strongly coupled
thermo-mechanical
analysis now accounts
for plasticity induced
heat generation along
with friction effects
Friction Stir Welding including heat generation due to
friction and plastic deformation
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 56
Advanced Modeling
Advanced Methods
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 57
Motivation
The solver techniques
available from our
solutions allow to
model complex
phenomena.
In some cases, better or
different techniques are
required to improve the
accuracy or the
convergence of the
models.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 58
Analyzing Fasteners under Large Deformations
Bolt pretension does not
include large rotation
effects.
With release 14.0, you
can now use Joint Loads:
Lock joint at specific
load step
Apply Pre-Tension or
Pre-Torque load
use iterative PCG
solver for faster runtime
Joint Element - Stress appears
without significant bending
Pre-tension element - Significant
bending stress with large rotation
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 59
Advanced Nonlinear Methods
User can now perform:
Buckling from a
nonlinear prestressed
state with dead loads
(new subspace
eigensolver)
3D rezoning for very
large deformations for a
wider range of materials
and boundary
conditions.
Hot-Rolling Structural Steel
Analysis with 3-D Rezoning
Buckling of a pre-stressed
stiffened container
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 60
Coupled structures/acoustics simulations
Coupled problems are
modeled more
efficiently:
Quadratic tetrahedral
acoustics elements
(V13)
New acoustics
sources
Absorbing areas
Symmetric FSI
formulation
Near and far-field
parameters
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 61
Moisture Diffusion
Moisture induces
hydroscopic stresses and
alters thermal stresses.
Coupled-field elements
allow to incorporate
moisture effects in
thermal, structural and
coupled simulations.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 62
Advanced Modeling
Explicit Analysis
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 63
Motivation
Explicit formulations
extend the range of
problems a structural
engineer can solve.
Providing handling
capabilities similar to
implicit solutions
provides an easy
transition from implicit
to explicit.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 64
Common User Interface
Implicit and explicit
solutions share the
same user interface for
a shortened learning
curve and allow
straightforward data
exchange between
disciplines
Crimping
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 65
New tetrahedral element
The new tetrahedral
element helps quickly
model complex
geometries for low
velocity applications
such as drop tests for
mobile phones or
nuclear equipments
Self Piercing Rivet
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 66
Similarly to implicit
analyses, 2D plain
strain and
axisymmetric
formulations provide
faster computation of
explicit solutions
Fast Solutions Using 2-D
Formulations
2D forming
Axisymmetric
bullet model
(now use same
axis)
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 67
Performance
Further benefits from GPU boards
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 68
Taking advantage of
the latest hardware is
mandatory to solve
your large models.
A combination of
relatively new
technologies provides
a breakthrough means
to reduce the time to
solution
Motivation
+
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 69
Distributed ANSYS Supports GPUs
2.1 MDOF,
Nonlinear
Structural
Analysis using
the Distributed
Sparse Solver
GPU Acceleration can now be used with Distributed ANSYS to
combine the speed of GPU technology and the power of
distributed ANSYS
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 70
Speed-up from GPU technology
Solder Joint Benchmark - 4M
DOF, Creep Strain Analysis
Results Courtesy of MicroConsult Engineering, GmbH
Linux cluster : Each node
contains 12 Intel Xeon 5600-
series cores, 96 GB RAM,
NVIDIA Tesla M2070,
InfiniBand
Mold
PCB
Solder
balls
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 71
Speed-up from multiple nodes with 1 GPU
board per node
Mold
PCB
Solder
balls
Results Courtesy of MicroConsult Engineering, GmbH
1 node @
8 cores no
GPU
1 nodes @
8 cores,
1 GPU
8 nodes@
1 core,
8 GPU
2 nodes@
4 cores,
2 GPU
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 72
Mesh Connections
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 73
Mesh Connections
Either pinch controls or the mesh connection feature can be
used to join shell meshed parts after meshing
New option for specifying pinch behavior is available for local
pinch controls
Edge-Edge : Pre or Post
Edge-Face : Post
All Mesh connections are Post
Snap to Boundary option, already available for edge to face pinch
controls, is also available for edge to face mesh connections
More control over snap type and tolerance
By default, Snap tolerance = Pinch tolerance
Snap type Manual : Overrides default
Edge-Edge
Snap tolerance = Pinch tolerance (Internally)
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 74
Selective Meshing:
Model change or mesh control added
If the mesh state changes from a model refresh or control change, only
the out of date part meshes need to be regenerated, and ALL mesh
connections.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 75
Selective Meshing: Base part mesh
The software handles this by keeping the base part mesh in memory in
addition to the connected mesh.
If you clear the generated data of 1 part, it will clear the part mesh for
that part as well as all mesh connections.
In other words, all the connected mesh is cleared and the base mesh of all
other parts besides the cleared part is returned.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 76
Support for default and/or
uniform quad/tri
Can mix and match mesh methods with mesh connections, and/or use
selective meshing:
Uniform quad/tri
Default quad/tri
Mesh connections
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 77
Shell Meshing Improvements
Better quad smoothing:
Improved laplacian smoothing
More ruled mesh on rectangles, etc.
13.0 Default quad/tri
14.0 Default quad/tri
Example has ribs attached that
are hidden
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 78
Mesh Connections :
Visualization
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 79
Viewing Connectivity
Viewing the connectivity of models is useful to diagnose the current state of
connections, but geometry connections are viewed a bit differently than
mesh connections.
Viewing the final mesh is best way to visualize the connectivity and to check
that the mesh accurately represents the connections, welds, etc.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 80
Mesh Connections: Body Views
Use Body Views option to see specific details of the mesh connection
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 81
Mesh Connections: Body Views
Use Show Mesh option with Body Views for closer inspection of mesh
connection.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 82
Diagnosing MCs
If a mesh connection fails, use the problematic geometry and RMB: Go To-
>Mesh connections for selected bodies.
This will highlight all mesh connections that are attached to the problematic
geometry.
Review the tolerances, and mesh sizes associated with the connection.
You can also use Go To->
Mesh connections common
to selected bodies to see
all mesh connections
common to those bodies.
This is helpful to find
spurious MCs and
duplicates can be
removed.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 83
14. 0 Release
ANSYS Contact Technology
New Features in R14
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 84
New Features in Rev. 14.0
Contact Stabilization Damping
Surface projection based methods
New Program Controlled defaults for Workbench
Geometry Correction Tools (for cylinders, spheres, circles)
Symmetry Conditions for Force Distributed Constraints
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 85
Contact Stabilization Damping
Rigid body motion often can occur in the beginning of a static analysis due to
the fact that the initial contact condition is not well established.
Contact Stabilization introduces a viscous damping traction proportional to but
opposite to the relative pseudo velocities between the two surfaces along
contact normal and/or tangential directions.
Where: = damping coefficient in normal direction
= damping coefficient in tangential direction
= pseudo velocity
Fn
Target
Contact
Ft
2 2
1 1
u d P
u d P
u d P
t d
t d
n n dn

=
=
=
Pdn
Pd1,d2
u
d
d
t
n

2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 86

Contact Stabilization Damping
The damping coefficients are calculated as a function of the opening gap and
pinball as follows:
Where: FDMN = real constant scaling factor in normal direction (default =1.0)
FDMT = real constant scaling factor in tangential direction (default = 0.001)
PINB = Pinball radius
)
`

=
)
`

=
0
/ ) ( * *
0
/ ) ( *
PINB U PINB FDMT FDMN
d
PINB U PINB FDMN
d
n
t
n
n
pinb n n
pinb n
U U U
U U
gt or 0 If
If
s
s
pinb n n
pinb n
U U U
U U
gt or 0 If
If
s
s
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 87
Contact Stabilization Damping
Contact stabilization is inactive by default.
As an exception, it will be activated automatically if ALL of the following
conditions are met:
Gauss point (KEYOPT(4) = 0) or surface projection based (KEYOPT(4) = 3) detection.
AND the entire contact pair is in near field open status.
AND a geometric penetration is detected at any contact nodal point, despite the
initially open status.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 88
Contact Stabilization Damping
Users can activate contact stabilization damping manually by specifying real
constants FDMN and FDMT.
rmodif,,31,5e-2
rmodif,,32,1e-3
Use positive values to specify scaling factors in the formulas presented earlier
Use negative values to define damping coefficient directly
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 89
Contact Stabilization Damping
Additional controls with new KEYOPT(15):
0 Damping is activated only in first load step (default)
1 Deactivate automatic damping
2 Damping is activated for all load steps
3 Damping is activated at all times regardless of the contact status of previous
steps
When KEYOPT(15) = 0, 1, or 2, contact stabilization damping will not be applied
in the current substep if any contact detection point had a closed status in the
previous substep.
However, when KEYOPT(15) = 3, stabilization damping is always applied as long
as the current contact status is near-field open.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 90
Contact Stabilization Damping
Note that the Energy introduced into the model by Contact Stabilization
Damping is artificial.
It can alleviate convergence problems, but it can also affect solution accuracy if
the applied stabilization energy generated by the damping forces are too large
In most cases, the program automatically activates and deactivates contact stabilization
damping and estimates reasonable damping forces.
However, it is a good practice to check the stabilization energy and reaction forces.
The contact stabilization energy can be post processed via the ETABLE command
using the AENE label. This should be compared to element potential energy via
SENE label on ETABLE.
For example: ETABLE,AE,AENE !save artificial energies associated with stabilization
ETABLE,SE,SENE !save strain energies to element table
SSUM !sum all element energies for comparison
PRETAB,AE,SE !print element table values
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 91
Contact Stabilization Damping
Issue the NLDIAG,CONT,ON command to create a Jobname.cnd file which
stores contact information for all defined contact pairs at all substeps.
Alternatively, you may issue one of the following commands to store contact
information at a specific frequency:
NLDIAG,CONT,ITER to write at each iteration
NLDIAG,CONT,SUBS to write at each substep (default)
NLDIAG,CONT,LSTP to write at each load step
Two new fields added to Jobname.cnd file related to contact damping:
Maximum contact damping pressure
Maximum tangential contact damping stress
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 92
Contact Stabilization Damping
What is available in Workbench Mechanical?
WB-Mechanical GUI exposes access to real constant FDMN as a Stabilization
Damping Factor in the Details Window of the Contact Region
Stabilization Damping Factor is applied in the contact normal direction and it is
valid only for nonlinear contact (frictionless, rough and frictional contacts).
If this factor is 0 (default), the damping is activated under the conditions mentioned
previously and only in the first load step (KEYOPT(15) = 0, the default)
If its value is greater than 0, the damping is activated for all load steps (KEYOPT(15) = 2).
KEYOPT (15) options are not directly exposed in GUI but can be set manually via
command object.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 93
Contact Stabilization Damping
Example: Consider a fixed pin interfacing with a hole in plate with initial radial
clearance and under a force based load
Stabilization captures localized stress distribution more accurately
Conventional Adjust to Touch Contact Stabilization Damping
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 94
Contact Stabilization Damping
Contact Stabilization can be more challenging to converge as compared to
adjust-to-touch option. Note also, it introduces some artificial energy
into the model.
Conventional Adjust to Touch Contact Stabilization Damping
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 95
Contact Stabilization Damping
Mathematical adjustment to close gap
causes rigid region to exist
No Gap
Conventional Adjust to Touch Contact Stabilization Damping
Example: Consider a hyperelastic seal against a hard surface
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 96
Projection based Contact Method
extended to support 2D applications
KEYOPT(4)=3: Recall this option enforces a contact constraint on an
overlapping region of the contact and target surfaces in an averaging
sense rather than on individual contact nodes (KEYOPT(4) = 1, 2) or Gauss
points (KEYOPT(4) = 0).
Now supports 2D applications
The projection based method also now supports the HHT time
integration method for implicit transient dynamic analysis
Both accuracy and performance have been improved for transient
dynamic analysis that include contact and the use of the HHT time-
integration method
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Projection Based Method
Advantages over conventional detection methods
Less sensitive to the designation of contact and target surfaces
In general, it provides more accurate contact results.
Stress distribution across contacting interface is smoother.
It meets moment equilibrium even when offset exists between contact
and target surfaces with friction.
Contact forces do not jump when contact nodes slide off the edge of
target surface
Disadvantages:
Computationally more expensive
When a model has corner or edge contact, the averaged penetration/gap
could be quite different than the real geometric penetration observed at
contact nodes.
In this situation, mesh refinement is usually required.
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 98
2D/3D Projection Based MPC
Contact integration is done on overlapping area instead of whole contact
element
Advantages over conventional MPC contact
Stress distribution across contacting interface is smoother.
In general, it provides more accurate contact results .
Disadvantage
Computationally more expensive.
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Existing contact: MPC
Does not pass the patch test
New projection based
contact + MPC Results in
constant VM stress
Passes the patch test
2D/3D Projection Based MPC
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Projection Based MPC
Existing surf-surf contact + MPC
New projection based contact + MPC
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 101
Projection Based MPC
Hot Side Convection
T = 2400 F
h = 50 BTU/(in-hr-F)
Cold Side Convection
T=1800 F
h = 16.67 BTU/(in-hr-F)
E = 37e6 psi
CTE = 2.3e-6 in/in/F
K = 1.167 BTU/(in-hr-F)
Element Type: SOLID70
Contact Conductance: 145000
Bonded contact
Between each two layers
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Projection Based MPC
Temperature (TCC)
Existing surf-surf contact
Temperature (TCC)
New projection based contact
Temperature (MPC)
New projection based contact
Temperature (MPC)
Existing surf-surf contact
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 103
Projection Based MPC
Equivalent stress (LAG)
Existing surf-surf contact
Equivalent stress (MPC)
Existing surf-surf contact
Equivalent stress (LAG)
New projection based contact
Equivalent stress (MPC)
New projection based contact
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 104
Projection based Method
In R14, WB-Mechanical GUI exposes access to all the detection methods,
including Projection based
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 105
For models built new in R14, WB-Mechanical has added more Program
Controlled defaults for basic features
More consistent with MAPDL defaults
For models created and saved in R13, previous defaults will be preserved.
New Program Controlled defaults
Aug-Lagrange
Auto-asymmetric
Update between
interations
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 106
Geometry Correction extended to 2D
In some contact applications between cylindrical surfaces,
using a faceted surface in place of the true curved geometry
can significantly affect the accuracy of contact related results.
To avoid this problem, you can use an optional geometric
correction for circular segments and for spherical and revolute
(cylindrical) surfaces
Corrects difference between ideally faceted FE surface and initial
surface geometry.
The correction can improve accuracy for contact traction and
stresses of underlying elements (reducing noise).
The technique applies to new & existing surface-surface
contact pair.
To activate correction, simply assign section ID to the contact
pair and identify coordinates of true center of cylinder or circle.
SECT, ID, CONTACT, CIRCLE
SECDATA, x0, y0 (Circle center)
Correction
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 107
Example: Consider a pin in a hole with a perfect line fit (no clearance or gap),
and no external loads applied at LS1
Stresses at contact interface should be zero.
Without geometry correction, Seqv=524 With geometry correction, Seqv= 1e-4
Available in WB-Mechanical via command object only
2D Surface Geometry Correction
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 108
Force-Distributed Constraint under
Symmetric Conditions
New KEYOPT(6) for target elements to set symmetry condition for
constrained surfaces
When the constrained surface is built on a symmetric geometry
model instead of the full geometry model.
Enter a three digit value that represents
the symmetry conditions on the
constrained surface.
Symmetry is defined with respect to the
nodal coordinate system of the pilot
node.
Available in WB-Mechanical via
command object only
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 109
Critical Temperature for Bonding
After materials around contacting surfaces exceed a critical temperature,
the surfaces start to melt and bond with each other.
The critical temperature is defined by the new TBND real constant on the
contact elements.
As soon as the temperature at the contact surface exceeds this melting
temperature, the contact will change to bonded and will remain
bonded for the rest of the analysis.
Available in WB-Mechanical via command object only
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 110
Critical Temperature for Bonding
Tool
Plates of 304L
Steel (Workpiece)
Contact interface
Temperature after Load Step3
Friction Stir welding
with bonding temperature 1000

C
with bonding temperature 900

C
Contact Status
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Advanced Modeling
Offshore Structures
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 112
Diffracted wave loading
Provides simplified pressure loading from
Hydrodynamics Diffraction systems (AQWA)
onto MAPDL system
Harmonic Wave Loading
Regular wave loading now available for harmonic
response analyses
ANSYS FATJACK (for beam joint fatigue of framed
structures) automatically reads the RST file data
for harmonic load cases
ANSYS BEAMCHECK (for member checks on framed
structures) and ANSYS FATJACK now delivered with
Mechanical installation
See Design Assessment for further information
Extended Wave Loading in Mechanical
and links to Regulatory Code Checks
Vessel Loading Transfer from
AQWA to Mechanical
Courtesy of Vuyk Engineering Rotterdam
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 113
Aeroelastic coupling (for wind turbine support
structures)
Sequential
Allowing structural (ANSYS) and aeroelastic (3rd
party) analyses to be run independently
Just use a provided MAPDL macro to write out
input data for the aeroelastic analysis
Fully coupled
Co-simulation of structural and aeroelastic tools
Custom build of MAPDL required, with a macro to
manage the data availability from and to MAPDL
Coupling Mechanical with 3
rd
Party
Aeroelastic Tools for Offshore Wind
Turbine Modeling
Images Courtesy of REpower Systems AG
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 114
check the Release Notes!
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 115
Think also of the Technology Demonstration
Guide
2011 ANSYS, Inc. March 15, 2012 116
THANK YOU