Phat FM

n in t thng tin GVHH:TS.
NGUYN L HNG

SVTH: PHM MINH NHT Page 1

PH LC
PHN I
CHNG I: MY PHT
1.1.S khi ca h thng in t thng tin.
1.2.nh ngha v phn loi:
1.3.My pht iu tn FM
1.3.1.Nhim v cc khi.
1.3.2.Nguyn l hot ng :
1.3.3. Dng sng u ra cc khi:
1.4Cng sut pht
1.5. Kt lun chng.
CHNG II: MY THU FM
2.1. nh ngha my thu:
2.2.My thu i tn FM:
CHNG III: CC MCH THNG DNG TRONG MY PHT FM
3.1.Mch to dao ng .
3.1.1. Cc vn chung v mch to dao ng .
3.1.2. Mch to dao ng bng hi tip dng
3.1.2.1. iu kin mch to dao ng
3.1.2.2 . c im ca mch dao ng
3.1.2.3. Mch dao ng ba im in dung .
3.2. Mch khuych i thut ton.
3.3 Mch khuych i dng BJT.
3.3.1. Cc ch hot ng ca BJT.
n in t thng tin GVHH:TS.NGUYN L HNG


PHN I
CHNG I: MY PHT
1.1. S khi ca h thng in t thng tin.

1.2. nh ngha v phn loi:
Mt h thng in t thng tin bao gm, my pht, my thu v mi
trng truyn sng. Trong my pht l 1 thit b pht ra tn hiu di dng
sng in t c biu din di 1 hnh thc no .

Hnh 1.2: s khi ca h thng thit b thu pht


Sng in t l gi l sng mang hay ti tin lm nhim v chuyn ti thng
tin cn pht ti my thu. Thng tin ny c gn vi ti tin theo 1 hnh thc
iu ch thch hp. My pht phi pht i cng sut ln cung cp t s tn
hiu trn nhiu ln cho my thu.
My pht phi s dng iu ch chnh xc bo v cc thng tin c pht
i, khng b bin dng qu mc. Ngoi ra cc tn s hot ng ca my pht
phi c chn cn c vo knh v vng ph song theo qui nh ca hip hi
thng tin quc t. Cc tn s trung tm ca my pht phi c n nh tn s
cao. Do ch tiu ca my pht l: cng sut ra, tn s lm vic , n nh
tn s, di tn s iu ch.
C nhiu cch phn loi my pht.
- Theo cng dng:

- Theo tn s:
- Pht thanh:
+ 3 30 KHz ~ (100 Km 10 Km) : i pht sng cc di: VLW
+ 30 300 Khz ~ (10 Km 1 Km) : i pht sng di: LW
+ 300 3000 Khz ~ (1Km 100m) : i pht sng trung : MW
+ 3 30 Mhz ~ (100m 10m) : i pht sng ngn: SW
- Pht hnh:
+ 30 300 MHz ~(10m 1m): i pht sng met
+ 300 3000 MHz ~ (1m 0.1m) : i pht sng dm
- Thng tin vi-ba, ra-da :
+ 3 30 Ghz ~ (0.1m 0.01 m) : i pht sng cm


+ 30 300 Ghz ~ (0.01m 0.001m) : i pht sng mm
- Theo iu ch:
+ My pht iu bin AM
+ My pht n bin SSB
+ My pht iu tn (FM) v my pht iu tn m thanh ni (FM stereo)
Ngy nay my pht a s c nghin cu ng dng tt c vo cc loi
my pht thng tin s, pht thanh, pht hnh, v.v.
- Theo cng sut:
+ My pht cng sut nh P
ra
< 100
+ My pht cng sut trung bnh 100 W s P
ra
s 10 KW
+ My pht cng sut ln 10 KW s P
ra
<1000 W
+ My pht cng sut cc ln P
ra
> 1000 KW
Ngy nay cc my pht c P
ra
nh v trung bnh ngi ta c th s dng
hon ton bng Transitor , cn cc my pht c P
ra
ln v cc ln vn phi
dng cc n in t c bit.
C rt nhiu cch phn loi my pht nhng trong chng ny chng ta
c bit quan tm n cch phn loi theo phng php iu ch v n lin
quan n thit k mch v c dng tin tc cn pht i
Di y ta ch xt my pht FM.
1.3. My pht iu tn FM


Hnh 1.3: s khi tng qut ca my thu pht FM

1.3.1. Nhim v cc khi.
- Khi tin khuych i m tn:
Tng ny c tc dng khuych i tn hiu vo n mc cn thit a vo
tng in khng v iu ch FM.
- Khi ch sng:
C nhim v to ra dao ng cao tn( sng mang) c bin v tn s n nh,
c tm bin i tn s rng. Mun vy ta c th dng mch dao ng LC kt
hp vi mch t ng iu chnh tn s AFC.
- Tng in khng v iu ch FM:
Tng in khng s dng cc phn t in khng bin i tn hiu m tn
thnh tn s thay i(dung khng hoc cm khng bin i) thc hin vic
iu ch FM. Phn t in khng c th l transistor in khng, n in khng
hoc varicap.
Mch iu ch FM: mch iu ch tn s th sng mang c bin khng i,
nhng tn s thay i theo bin ca tn hiu m tn.



- Tng nhn tng v khuych i cng sut cao tng:
C nhim v to ra cng sut cn thit theo yu cu cng sut ra ca my pht.
Cng sut ra cng ln th s tng khuych i trong khi ny cng nhiu.
- Mch ra:
phi hp tr khng gia tng khuych i cng sut v anten c cng
sut pht ln nht.
- Anten:
bc x nng lng cao tn ca my pht thnh sng in t truyn i trong
khng gian.
- Ngun DC:
Ngun cung cp phi c cng sut ln cho transistor hoc n in t cng
sut.
1.3.2.Nguyn l hot ng :
Tn hiu c a vo tng in khng, tng in khng s dng cc
phn t in khng bin i tn hiu m tn thnh in khng thay i ( dung
khng hoc cm khng bin thin ) thc hin vic iu ch FM . Phn t in
khng , n in khng hoc Varicap ( in dung bin i theo in p t vo
Varicap ) .
Sau tn hiu c trn vi sng mang c to ra t khi ch sng
iu ch FM . Tn hiu FM sau khi iu ch c nhn tn to ra tn s cao .
Cui cng tn hiu sau khi nhn tn c khuch i nh mch khuch i cng
sut cao tn ri pht ra anten .
1.3.3. Dng sng u ra cc khi:
- Tn hiu hnh sin miu t tin tc cn gi i c khuch i qua khi tin
khuch i.


- Tn hiu cao tn sau khi c iu tn thng qua tn in khng.

- Tn hiu ra sau khi nhn tn tn s c nhn gp vi ln nhng vn
gi nguyn c quy lut bin tn.

- Tn s dao ng chun TA bng tn s f
0
so snh vi tn s f
0
ca
dao ng ch sng.



1.4. Cng sut pht
L cng sut dng in cao tn a n AT ca my pht, l yu t
quan trng quyt nh c ly thng tin c hiu qu.
Hiu sut l t s gia cng sut ra AT trn ton b cng sut cung cp cho
my.

1.5. Kt lun chng.
Chng 1 l chng gii thiu v my pht FM c nhng u im ni bt
m my pht AM khng th c c v t mc ch yu cu nhim v nn em
chn n ny. S khi my pht FM, nguyn l lm vic, dng sng u ra
ca cc khi quan trng. Vy chng ny em khi qut my pht FM m
n ang thi cng.



CHNG II: MY THU FM
2.1. nh ngha my thu:
My thu l thit b u cui trong h thng thng tin v tuyn in. My
thu c nhim v tip nhn v lp li tin tc cha trong tn hiu chuyn i t my
pht di dng sng in t trng. My thu phi loi b c cc loi nhiu
khng mong mun, khuych i tn hiu sau gii iu ch n nhn c
tn hi ban u. My thu c rt nhiu tham s nhng chng ta ch yu ch xt
n cc ch tiu k thut c bn sau:
- nhy: biu th kh nng thu tn hiu yu ca my thu, c xc nh
bng sc in ng cm ng ti thiu, hoc cng sut ti thiu ca tn
hiu ra ca tn hiu ti anten m bo cho m thu lm vic bnh
thng.
- chn lc: l kh nng chn p cc dng nhiu khng mong mun,
khng phi l tn hiu cn thu. Ngha l chn lc l kh nng la chn
tn hiu ra khi cc loi nhiu tn t ti u my thu.
- Cht lng lp li tin tc: c nh gi bng mo ca tn hiu , ch
yu l mo tng khuych i cng sut m tn cho tn hiu ra loa
khng b bin dng so vi tn hiu a vo b iu ch ca my pht.
2.2.My thu i tn FM:

Hnh 2.1: s khi tng qut ca my thu i tn FM
Tn hiu cao tn t anten vo mch v c khuych i nh mch
khuych i cng sut . Sau tn hiu c a n b trn tn trn vi tn
hiu hnh sin ca dao ng ni. Tn hiu c KDTT v c a vo b tch


sng ti to li tn hiu m tn. Sau tn hiu m tn a vo tng khuych
i m tn a ra loa.
trnh hin tng iu bin nn gy mo tn hiu sau tch sng, ta t
b hn ch bin ngay trc b tch sng tn s hoc s dng b tch sng t
s v n c mch hn bin. i vi my thu FM, n nh tn s yu cu rt
cao nn bt buc phi c mch AFC.



CHNG III
CC MCH THNG DNG TRONG MY PHT FM
3.1.Mch to dao ng .
3.1.1. Cc vn chung v mch to dao ng .
Cc tham s c bn ca mch to dao ng :
+Tn s dao ng
+Bin in p ra
+ n nh tn s dao ng
+Cng sut ra
Nguyn tc c bn to mch dao ng iu ha :
+To dao ng bng hi tip dng
+To dao ng bng phng php tng hp mch
3.1.2. Mch to dao ng bng hi tip dng
3.1.2.1. iu kin mch to dao ng

Hnh 3.1 S khi tng qut ca mch to dao ng
(A): Khi khch i c h s khuch i l : K=K.c
]q
k

(B): Khi hi tip c h s truyn i l : K
ht
=K
ht
. c
]q
ht

Ta c : X
=K
ht
. X

M : X
= K. X

Suy ra : X
=K. K
ht
. X



Mch ch dao ng khi X
=X
ngha l lc ta c th ni im a va a v tn
hiu ly ra t mch hi tip c a tr li u vo ( mch khng c tn hiu
vo m vn c tn hiu ra )
Vy iu kin ca mch dao ng l : X
=X
K. K
ht
=1
K. K
ht
. c
]( q
k
+q
ht
)
=1
K. K
ht
.[ cos(e
k
+ e
ht
) + j.sin(e
k
+ e
ht
) ] =1 (*)
K : l h s khch i
K
ht
: l h s hi tip m
e
k
: gc pha ca b khuch i
e
ht
: gc pha ca mch hi tip
T (*) ta suy ra K. K
ht
=1
e=e
k
+ e
ht
=2nn vi n = 0, 1, 2, 3
Suy ra mun to dao ng phi tha mn 2 iu kin sau :
+ iu kin cn bng bin : Mch ch c th dao ng khi h s
khuch i ca b khuch i b c tn hao do mch hi tip gy ra .
+ iu kin cn bng pha : Mch ch c th dao ng khi tn hiu hi tip
v ng pha vi tn hiu vo .
3.1.2.2 . c im ca mch dao ng
- Mch dao ng l mt mch khuch i , nhng l mch khuch i t iu
chnh bng hi tip dng t u ra v u vo . Nng lng t dao ng ly t
ngun cung cp mt chiu .
- Mch phi tha mn iu kin cn bng v bin v pha .
- Mch phi cha t nht 1 phn t tch cc lm nhim v bin i nng lng
mt chiu thnh xoay chiu.
- Mch phi t nht 1 phn t phi tuyn hay mt khu iu chnh m bo
cho bin dao ng khng i trng thi xc lp .



3.1.2.3. Mch dao ng ba im in dung .
Phng php tnh ton mch dao ng ba im in dung : C nhiu
phng php, nhng y ta xt phng php thng dng nht, l tnh ton
mch dao ng theo phng php b khuch i c hi tip
a. Mch EC

Hnh 3.2 : S mch dao ng ba im in dung dng Transitor(mch EC)

Bc 1 : Tnh h s khuch i K
K= - [. -
z
c
z
= -
h
21c
h
11c
. Z
c

Vi
21c
=
I
c
I
B
;
11c
= Z
= R
1
//R
2
//r
bc

Suy ra K = -S. Z
c
= -
h
21c
h
11c
. Z
c
; S : h dn ca BJT
+ Z
c
: Tr khng gia collector v t , nhng do C c ni vi khung
cng hng nn n l phn t tr khng ca khung cng hng .
Ta c cng thc sau : Z
c
= (P
2
. R
td
) // Z
pu
(1)
Z
pu
: Tr khng vo phn nh sang nhnh collector-emitor
R
td
: l tr khng ca khung cng hng ti tn s cng hng.
R
td
=
L
C.



L : in cm ca khung cng hng
C : in dung ca khung cng hng
r : in tr tn hao ca khung cng hng
Nu R
1
//R
2

11c
ta c :
Z
pu
=
z
n
2
=
h
11c
n
2

H s phn nh n :
n= -
rc
= -
BE
CE
=
EB
CE
( 0< n 1 )
Suy ra : n=
I
X
C2
I
X
C1
=
]oC
1
]oC
2
=
C
1
C
2
1 C
1
C
2

+ Tnh P : h s ghp ca Transistor vi khung cng hng :
P=
rc
t
=
CE
CB
=
I
X
C1
I
( X
C1
+X
C2
)
=
1
]nC
1
1
]nC
t
=
C
t
C
1
=
C
1
C
2
C
1
( C
1
+C
2
)
=
C
2
C
1
+C
2
=
1
C
1
C
2
+1
=
1
n+1

Thay vo (1) ta c :
Z
C
=
P
2
.R
td
.z
c
( P
2
.R
td
) +z
c

Z
C
= =
(
1
n+1
)
2
.R
t
.
h
11c
n
2
(
1
n+1
)
2
.R
t
+
h
11c
n
2

Z
C
=
R
t
.h
11c
n
2
.R
t
+h
11c
.( n+1)
2

Suy ra :
K = -
h
21c
h
11c
.
R
t
.h
11c
R
2
.R
t
+h
11c
.( n+1)
2
dr
Bc 2 : Xc nh h s hi tip K
ht

K
ht
=
rc
=
v
EB
v
CE
= -
I
]oC
2
:
I
]oC
1
= -
C
1
C
2
= -n
Bc 3 : Tnh tch K.Kht :
K. K
ht
= n.
R
t
.h
11c
n
2
.R
t
+h
11c
.( 1+n)
2



Bc 4 : Xc nh iu kin dao ng ca mch :
K. K
ht
1
( 1 + n)
2
+ n
2
.
R
t
h
11c
-
h
21c
h
11c
. R
t
. n 0
Du = ng vi trng hp dao ng xc lp.
Du < ng vi trng hp qu lc ng mch.
Bc 5 : Xc nh h s hi tip cn thit mch t dao ng c.

Thng n << 1 nn biu thc trn c th vit :

n
2
.
R
t
h
11c
2.n.
h
21c
h
11c
. R
t
+1 0 (2)
n
2
- 2.
h
21c
2
.n +
h
11c
R
t
0
Gii phng trnh bc hai ny ta nhn c :

n
1,2
=
h
21c
2
+ (
h
21c
2
)
2

h
11c
R
t

(2) 0 khi v ch khi n
2
n n
1

Lc mch c dao ng hnh sine ( trng thi xc lp) ti n
1
hoc n
2

V R
t
nn suy ra :

(
h
21c
2
)
2

h
11c
R
t
(
h
21c
2
)
2

n
1
=
21

loi b n
1
v iu kin n 1
Bc 6 : Xc nh tr s linh kin mc trong mch qua h s hi tip n v qua
tn s dao ng ca mch.
T gi tr n = n
2
va tm c ta c :

n=
C
1
C
2
= n
2
=
h
21c
2
- (
h
21c
2
)
2

h
11c
R
t
(3)

d
=
CH
=
1
2n.L.
C
1
.C
2
C
1
+C
2
(4)
T (3),(4) ta tm c L , C
1
, C
2



b. Mch BC:

Hnh 3.3: S mch dao ng ba im in dung dng
Transitor(mch BC)

3.2. Mch khuych i thut ton.
u im ca mch khuch i thut ton (OPAMP):
+Ngun in p cung cp thng nh 518V
+H s khuch i rt ln vo khong 10
3
10
5
khi hot ng trong mng
+Tng tr vo ln nn d dng phi hp vi cc mch in v linh kin
ngoi vi
+Tng tr ra nh t 0,116
+ tri nhit nh 2mV/1
o
C.
tri ny nm trong phm vi cho php nn khng cn phi hiu chnh
dch im zero


+in p tn hiu ng ra gn bng gi tr Vcc nn hiu sut cao .
V nhng l do trn nn khi thit k ta chn Opamp khch i tn hiu ng
vo .
Mch khuych i dng opamp c rt nhiu loi nhng y ta ch xt n
mch khuych i opam c tr khng vo ln.

Hnh 3.4: mch tr c tr khng vo ln.
Vit phng trnh dng in cho nt N1 v N2 ta c:

1 Vin Vn
R
-
/
Vn
R n
+
Vout Vn
KR
=0 ( m Vn= Vin2 )

Mch ny thng c dng ti tng khuych i u tin ca my pht.
S d n c dng v n c tr khng vo ln. Do n hn ch c nhiu
bin ln.
3.3 Mch khuych i dng BJT.
3.3.1. Cc ch hot ng ca BJT.
- Ch A: gc ct =180
0
-Ch B: gc ct =90
0



-Ch C: gc ct <90
0

ch A, BJT vn dn ngay c khi khng c tn hiu vo. Ch ny thng
c dng trong cc trng hp trnh gy mo tn hiu.

3.3.2.mch E chung(EC).

Hnh 3.5:mch c bn v mch tng ng xoay chiu ca mch EC
Tr s do nh sn xut cho bit
Tr s re c tnh t mch phn cc:
r
e
=
26mV
Ic

T mch tng ng ta tm c cc thng s ca mch.
* li in th:
Av =
Vout
Vi

Ta c: Vo = -i
b
R
c

Vi = r
e
i
b
+ (1+r
e
)R
E
i
b
Av =
Vout
Vi
=
(1 ) R
Rc
re E
+ +

Du - cho thy v
o
v v
i
ngc pha.
* Tng tr vo:


Zi=
Vi
Ii
=R
b
//Z
b

* Tng tr ra:
Z
out
=
Vout
Iout
= R
c



PHN II: TNH TON
- S MCH

R
2

1
0
0
k
R
1

1
0
0
k
R
3

1
0
k
R
4

1
.
5
k
R
8

1
0
0
k
R
6

6
8
k
R
7

1
8
0
R
5

1
0
K
C
1

1
u
F
C
9

3
3
p
C
3

1
0
u
C
4

1
0
0
n
C
2

5
n
C
5
C
0
J
1
1 2
0
L
1
1 2
L
2
1 2
Q
1

2
S
C
1
8
1
5
Q
2

2
S
C
1
8
1
5
C
6

1
n
C
7

1
2
p
C
1
0

1
0
p
C
1
1

3
3
p
C
1
2

1
0
0
n
C
1
3

1
0
0
n
0
0
J
3
1 2
J
2
1 2
0
C
8

5
p
U
3
O
P
-
T
L
0
8
2
+
3
-
2
V +
7
V -
4
O
U
T
6
O
S
2
8
O
S
1
1


4.1. Tng khuch i

Tng ny c tc dng khuch i tn hiu sau khi c iu ch tng dao ng
My pht FM tn s pht l 92.5 Mhz, cng sut l 100 mW, ngun cung cp
9Vdc
4.1.1 .Tnh chn L2, C10
L2 C10 dao ng cng hng c tc dng chn lc tn s khuch i.
Tn s cng hng ca L2 C10 ng bng tn s ca mch iu ch
Tn s dao ng:
f=
1
2nL2 C10
= 92.5Mhz
L2*C10= 1.5*10
-18

Chn C10= 10pF, suy ra: L2=
1.510
-18
1010
-12
= 149*10
-9
H =149 nH
Vy C10= 10pF, L2= 149 nH
4.1.2 .Tnh chn BJT Q2
tn hiu khng mo dng, ta chn BJT Q2 hot ng ch A.
S tng ng ca Q2
C9
R8
Q3
Vout
L2
Vin
Vcc
C10


Tr khng ra ca Anten l R
anten
= 75
Tr khng ti Rt= X
L3
//X
C10
//R
anten

Xtd= X
L2
//X
C10
=
]oL3
1
]nC10
]oL3+
1
]nC10
=
]oL3
1-ooL3C10
=
]2n92.510
6
14910
-9
1-( 92.510
6
2n)
2
14910
-9
1010
-12

Xtd= 174.1j
Rt= Xtd//Ranten=
XtdRuntcn
Xtd+Runtcn
=
174.175
174.1+75
= 52.4
Gi V
LP
v I
LP
l in p nh
PL=Rt*I
2
Lhd
=
1
2
*
v
2
LP
Rt

V
LP
= 2 PI Rt= 2 0 .1 52 .4 = 3.23 V
I
LP
=
vLP
Rt
=
3.23
52.4
= 0.0616 A = 61.6 mA
Cng sut cung cp cho Q2 l:
P
cc
= V
cc
*I
tb
= Vcc*
ILP
n
= 9*
61.6
n
= 176,56 mW
Cng sut xoay chiu trn ti:
P
AC
= Rt*I
2
LPhd
= Rt*
I
2
LP
2
= 52.4 *
0.0616
2
2
= 99.4mW
Cng sut tiu tn trn Q2:
Ptt=Pcc- P
AC
= 176.56 - 99.4= 77.16 mW
hf e*Ib
C10
Ranten
hre.ib
L3
hie
Cce
1/hoe Cbe
R8
B C Vin
E


Chn BJT Q2 l 2SC1815 c =100, f= 100 MHz, Icmax=150 mA,Pc=
400 mW tha mn:
{
Pc > 2 Ptt
Ic > Icmox
ICE0 > 2Icc

4.1.3 .Tnh R8
Chn dng chy qua Q2 l IcQ2= 8.5 mA
I
BQ2
=
Ic02
=
8.5
100
= 0.085 mA
R8=
vcc-vbc02
IB02
=
9-0.6
0.08510
-3
= 98.8*10
3
= 98.8 K
Chn R8= 100 K
4.2 .Tng dao ng
Tng dao ng c tc dng iu ch tn
hiu m tn to thnh tn hiu FM c
tn s t 88MHz n 108MHz.
Mch dao ng c thc hin theo
ch 3 im in dung.

R6
R7
Q1
C6
C7
C8
Vin
Vout
L1
Vcc


4.2.1 .Tnh chn Q1
Chn ch hot ng ca Q1 l ch A trnh mo tn hiu. Do vy, chn
VCE=80%*Vcc=0.8*9=7.2 V
Chn dng chy qua Q1 l Ic=10mA
Chn BJT Q1 l 2SC9018 c =100, tha:
{
Pc = 400mw > 2 Ptt = 2 Ic Icc = 2 10 7.2 = 144mw
Icmox = 150mA > 2 Ic = 20mA
Icco = 15I > Icc = 9I

4.2.2. Tnh chn L1, C7, C8.
Ltd,Cbe C8 to thnh mch dao ng 3 im in dung
Gi Ltd= L1// C7 => jLtd =
]oL1
1
]nC
]oL1+
1
]nC

Ltd=
L1
1-o
2
L1C7
(*)
S mch dao ng 3 im in dung
Tn s dao ng ca mch l
f
d
=
1
2nLtd
C8Cbc
C8+Cbc
(**)
Khi in p vo BJT thay i th t Cbe thay i, do
tn s ca mch cng thay i => iu ch FM

Chn C8=5pF, Cbe= 1.3pF
T (**) => 92.5*10
6
=
1
2n
Ltd
S10
-12
1.310
-12
S10
-12
+1.310
-12

=> Ltd = 299*10
-9
H
T (*) => 299*10
-9
=
L1
1-( 2n92.510
6
)
2
L1C7

Chn C7= 10pF => L1=149 nH
Q1
C8
Ltd
Cbe


4.2.3 .Tnh R6 R7 C6
VR7=Vcc-VCE = 9 7.2 = 1.8V
R7=
vR7
Ic
=
1.8
10
= 180
Chn R7= 180
VR6= Vcc VBE VR7
R6*
Ic
= Vcc VBE VR7

R6*
10
100
= 9 0.6 1.5
R6= 69 K
Chn R6 = 68 K
T C6 c tc dng lm cho transistor hot ng ng ch ti tn s cao tn.
Chn gi tr t C6= 103 ( 10nF) s hn ch c p ng cao tn n 15KHz
4.3 .Tng tin khuch i
Tng tin khuch i c tc dng khuch i bin tn hiu m tn ln
a vo tng dao ng.
Ta chn Opamp thay v BJT v
tr khng u vo ca Opamp l
v cng v tr khng ra thp,
li ln.
y ta chn Opamp TL082
4.3.1 .Chn R3 R4
Xt mch khuch i nh hnh.
ch mt chiu th ln
ca tng ny l bng 1 v Vout=
Vin
ch xoay chiu, ta mun c
li l Av=8 ln.
R1
-
+
U2B
TL084
5
6
7
4
1
1
R2
R3
R4
C2
Vin
Vcc
Vout


Av= 1 +
R3
R4
= 8
R3= 7*R4
Chn R4= 1.5 K
R3 = 7*1.5 = 10.5 K
Chn R3 = 10 K
4.3.2 .Chn R1 R2
in tr R1, R2 to thnh cu phn p cho Opamp. Ta chn R1 v R2 khng
c nh v nh th s nh hng n tr khng u vo ca opamp.
Chn R1=R2= 100 K
4.4. Tnh chn cc thng s khc
4.4.1 .Tnh t C1
T C1 c tc dng lin lc, cch ly tn hiu mt chiu gia tn hiu u vo v
tng tin khuch i.
Ta chn gi tr C1 sao cho dung khng ca t nh hn tr khng u vo ca
Opamp.
Chn X
C1
=
1
10
Z
inopamp
=
1
10
*
R1R2
R1+R2

Tn hiu u vo c bin khong 775mV, tn s t 20Hz 20KHz. Chn tn
s ca tn hiu m thanh l 100 Hz.
X
C1
=
1
2n]C1
=
1
2n100C1
=
10010
3
10010
3
10( 10010
3
+10010
3
)

C1 = 0.3F
Chn C1= 1F
4.4.2 .Tnh t C2
T C2 c tc dng lm cho tng tin khuch i c li bng 1 khi c tn hiu
mt chiu v bng Av khi c tn hiu xoay chiu, vy th t C2 c gi tr nh
khi c tn hiu xoay chiu th t c xem nh ngn mch.
Chn C2= 5nF



4.4.3 .Tnh t C3 C4
T C3 C4 l cp t c tc dng lm n nh ngun, trnh nhiu tc ng vo.
Chn t C3 c gi tr ln v khi c tn hiu vi tn s thp tc ng vo ngun
th s b t a xung mass. Chn C3= 10F.
Chn t C4 c gi tr thp v khi c tn hiu tn s cao tc ng vo ngun th s
b t a xung mass. Chn C4= 100nF.
4.4.4 .Tnh C5 R5
T C5 l t lin lc, R5 l tr cch ly, hn dng gia tng tin khuch i v
tng dao ng.
V tr R5 cch ly v hn dng nn gi tr in tr ca R5 cn phi ln, ng
thi R5 ln tng tr khng u vo ca R5.
Chn R5= 10K
V khi ch xoay chiu th t C5 xem nh ngn mch nn tr khng u vo
ca mch chnh bng in tr vo ca Q1
Chn X
C5
= Z
inQ1
= R5//R6 // (r
e
+R7)

1
2n100C5
=68000 // 10000 //100(2.6 + 180) =5900
C5=270 nF
Chn C5=330nF
4.4.5. Tnh C9
C9 l t lin lc gia tng dao ng v tng khuch i. Chn gi tr ca t nh
hn gi tr in tr u vo ca tng khuch i.
Z
inQ2
= R8//r
be

M r
be
=r
e
= *
25mv
Ic
= 100*
25 mv
8.5 mA
= 294
Z
inQ2
=
100000294
100000+294
= 293
Chn X
C9
=
1
10
Z
inQ2
= 29.3


C9 =
29.3
2n9010
6
= 5.2*10
-8
F =52 nF
Chn C9= 33nF
4.4.6 .Tnh C12
T C12 l t thot cao tn, trnh a tn s cao v ngun lm nhiu ngun.
Chn gi tr ca t nh. Chn C12= 100nF

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n in t thng tin GVHH:TS.

= Vcc VBE VR7

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