Lagrangian/Control Mass Point of View: Attached to a fluid particle/moving mass.

Eulerian/Control Volume Point of View: Attached to a fixed location/volume in space. Streamline: A curve which is parallel everywhere to the local velocity vector. Pathline: The trajectory of a fluid particle. Streakline: The trace of a fluid particle as it crosses a fixed location in physical space. In steady state flows Streamlines, Pathlines and Streaklines are all same.

The Bernoulli integral represents the conservation of mass and momentum: - Fluid must be ideal inviscid and incompressible - Steady state conditions Eulerian Velocity Vector does not depend on time Flow is along a Steamline. Closed Systems Similar to Control Mass point of view movable bounds and therefore mass cannot cross the bound. Control Volume Similar to Eulerian point of view there is a control surface which surrounds the location in space you are considering analogues to free body diagrams. Reynolds Transport Theorem: Relates conservation laws for a closed system to the corresponding conservation laws for the control volume. Conservation of mass equations are the same for both viscid and inviscid flows. In Ideal Fluid Flows Body forces are represented by gravitational forces represent forces and Surface forces are represented by pressure forces. Losses in fluids flows are the result of losses in kinetic energy as its transferred into internal energy. Minor Losses are losses which are localised and therefore occur in specific regions of the fluid flow, the bulk volume of the fluid however can still be treated as inviscid. Instability and Turbulence in fluid flows result in the significant dissipation of kinetic energy turbulent flows cause massive losses. Flow separation also results in losses. DAlembert Paradox A body does not have any drag force in the uniform flow of ideal fluids.

Drag force is determined by the loss of momentum integral which is taken across the flow and ONLY over the wake region. A Jet propulsion system has an inlet, outlet and pressure rising device. Inlet flow preserves Bernoulli. Outlet flow Forms a turbulent Isobaric jet (flow with losses). Stagnation pressure is to be increased in the propulsion system i.e. between the inlet and outlet flows. Gain of momentum integral should be taken only over the jet region. Reynolds Number: A dimensionless quantity, which represents the ratio of the inertial to the viscous forces. Re=velocity * length/kinematic viscosity or density*velocity*length/viscosity. Mach Number: Dimensionless which represents the velocity of an object moving through a fluid to the speed of sound in the medium. Mach=v/a where a is the speed of sound in the medium. Froudes number: A dimensionless quantity which represents the ratio of the characteristic velocity to the gravitational wave velocity. Fr=v/(g*l)^0.5