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Task 33 Th T k 33: Thermal Gasification of Biomass l G ifi ti f Bi 1st Semi-Annual Task Meeting, 2012
Istanbul, Turkey Tue, April 17 to Thu, April 19
Biodieselfromalgae AnaerobicDigestion
WEB Geographic Information System of biomass Energycrops Energy crops Thermochemicalprocesses Biofuelsof2nd generation
Source:GSENationalManageroftheEnergyServices
Alessandria
640
Vigevano(PV)
500
GAS1000MODEL The plant is fed with 8500t/a of wood The plant produces 7.5GWhee 15GWht and it is powered with 9000 t/a of kenaf The pyrogasificator is fed with chopped or Agroenergia chipped vegetable biomass The system is experimental and the process has been developed by poliTO; the plant is p yp p fed with 4100 t/a of biomass from forest The plant produces 3.75GWhe and 7.5 GWht and it is powered with 4100 t/a of wood ModelloGAS500 chips The plant is fed with residues of agricultural production, forest biomass, leaves, waste of AutogasNord food industry Bio&Watt The plant uses an endothermic motor The pyrogasificator is fed with waste Bio&Watt prunings, corn stalks, wood chips of poplar The pyrogasificator is powered by biomass Bio&Watt from forests CoVerEnergy The plant is classified as experimental
4% OF RENEWABLE SOURCES
Gasification is a technology that has great potential in terms of efficiency of conversion of biomass into electricity. During 2010 requests for qualification that have come to the GSE concern another 20 plants under construction with a total power over 20MWe
Source:GSENationalManageroftheEnergyServices
Position Paper of the Italian government for the renewable sources Finalconsumption
(Statisticaldatafor2008andestimatesto2020 Europeandirective2009/28/EU
2008
Consumption from Renewable Gross Final RES/ Energy Consumption Consumpti Sources (GFC) on RES
2020
[MTOE] Electricity Heat Transports Transfers from other states Gross final consumption 5,03 3,24 0,72 8,99
0,34
39,00
0,87%
3,44
33,97
10,13%
Position Paper of the Italian government for the renewable sources POWER productionfromrenewableenergysources:
statisticaldatato2009andnationaltargettothe2020 t ti ti l d t t 2009 d ti lt t t th 2020
45000 42.155 40000 42.000
Europeandirective2009/28/EU
35000
30000
x3
25000 [GWh] 20.000 20000
x2,5
18.780
x17
15000 11.350 10000 6.750 6 750 5.342 5000 676 0 Hydro Idroelettrica(normalizzata Geothermal Geotermica Solar Solare 2009 2020 5 TidesandWaveaction Mareeemotoondoso Wind Eolica(normalizzata) Biomass Biomassa 6.830 6 830 7.631 7 631
Position Paper of the Italian government for the renewable sources THERMAL productionfromrenewableenergysources:
statisticaldatato2009andnationaltargettothe2020 statistical data to 2009 and national target to the 2020
6000 5.670
x3 x 3
4000
x2,7
2.900
3000
x24 x 24
1.875 1.586 1.083
2000
1000
213 0
Geothermal Geotermica(esclusePDC)
Position Paper of the Italian government for the renewable sources EnergyconsumptionfromrenewableenergysourcesinTRANSPORTSsector:
statisticaldatato2009andnationaltargettothe2020 g
2000 1.880 1800
x3
Europeandirective2009/28/EU
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
x10
665 600
600
x2,4 x 2,4
369
400
200 58 0 BioethanolBioETBE BioetanoloBioETBE Bioetanolo BioETBE Biodiesel Biodiesel 50 Othersbiofuel Altribiocarburanti Altri biocarburanti 2009 2020 0 HydrogenfromRES IdorgenodaFER Idorgeno da FER
155
Electrical energy: FIXED RATE of 0.28 /kWh for plants with size up to 1MWe for 15 years GREEN CERTIFICATES for plants with size greater than 1MWe; the last year the GC cost was about 87/MWh depending to the energy market Thermal energy: TAX DEDUCTION of 55% of the total cost plant in 10 years for small systems (such as residential) WHITE CERTIFICATES for the heating networks fuelled by biomass. 1WC is about of 6/MWh
2180 ktonn
~1 MTOE
CONSIDERING ONLY THE ROUTINE MAINTENANCE OF FORESTS
www.atlantebiomasse.enea.it/
53 TWh
15711
www.atlantebiomasse.enea.it/
Current state of the technological platform for the ENEA biomass gasification
JOULE Plant Fast internally circulating Fluidized bed gasifier 500 kWt
Syngas
SYNGASCOMPOSITION
Specie H2 CO CH4 N2 CO2 H2O %Vol. 32 17 6.2 0.9 09 20.9 32
SYNGASCOMPOSITION
Specie H2 CO CH4 N2 CO2 %Vol. %Vol 34.1 25.1 10.4 9.6 20.8
Suitableforthepowergenerationboth Suitable for the power generation both withICEandfuelcells InternallyCirculatingFluidizedBed Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed technologies Air/Steam500kWth
SuitableforthepowerproductionbothwithMCIand fuelcells,orforbiofuelproductionfromFischerTropsch process
Steam
Oxigen
Syngas y g Fluegas
Air
Biomass Steam
Biomass
Dirty Syngas
SYNGASCOMPOSITION
Fixedbedupdraft Fixed bed updraft Air/Steam150kWth SuitableforthepowergenerationwithICE onlyiftheresagoodsyngascleaning only if theres a good syngas cleaning
Syngas
%Vol. 20 21 4 40 6 9
Steam
Air
COMPOSIZIONESYNGAS
Specie H %Vol. 15 22 3 40 20
2 COMPOSIZIONESYNGAS
CO CH4 N2 CO2
Almond shells 30-40 Kg/h Mix Steam-Air Se 200 kWth %vol. dry 21 22,8 13,4 ~1 <1 <1 41 5,7 Total Tar content (g/Nm3dry) a Gasifie Scrubbe r r 66.0 11.4 . 0.91 b) 0.3 0.32 c) Removal efficiency (%wt) 98.6 97. 97.4
Steam generator
a) According to the CEN/TS 15439 procedure; standard dev: 5-10% b) as sum of both tar and biodiesel. c) calculated as sum of all molecules quantified by chromatographic analysis d) value referred to only tar molecules detectable at the GCMS instrument.
Gasifier developed in collaboration with Vienna University of Technology, Technology University of L'Aquila, Louis Univ Filter system
Biomass Input
Auxiliary fuel
FLUIDIZATION AGENT
of the Olivine Austria 34003500kg/m3 20501900kg/m3 344m (1100C)1.3% 6.57 0.951.05kJ/kgC
Density Bulk Density Medium Diameter Thermal Expansion Mohs Hardness SpecificHeat
Nitrogen input for the filter th filt regeneration ti T=400C Syngas Input
OutletH2Sconcentration Sulphurremovalefficiency OutletHClconcentration Chlorineremovalefficiency Chlorine removal efficiency Cycloneremovalefficiency(d=2 m) Tars(g/Nm3) Particleout
ADSORBING TOWER
Raw Syngas
CYCLONE
T=508C
UNIQUE PLANT
Funded by 7FP Finished: 2011 s ed: 0 Financing of 3.715.503
Main advantages of the UNIQUE plant: g Q p Higher hot gas cleaning; System more compact; Reducing both the investment costs and the operative costs
BioDiesel scrubber
NH3 purge
MP line
SYNGASCOMPOSITION
Specie H2 CO CH4 N2 CO2 H2O %Vol. 32 17 6.2 62 0.9 20.9 32
INTERMEDIA STAGES FOR PRODUCTION OF THE SYNTETIC NATURAL GAS Cold gas tars cleaning; W t scrubber f ammonia absorbing; Water bb for i b bi Neutralization of acidic substances by use of low cost sorbents; CO-shift reactor for increase the H2/CO ratio necessary for the methanation stages: Compression stage for improve the thermodynamic conditions and for obtain a bio-SNG to high pressure suitable for the grid injection; Selexol process for CO2 split-up from the syngas
CO+3H2=CH4+H2O HReaz= -206,28 kJ/mol
The project provides the construction of a gasification plant coupling with a methanation plant for increase the biomethane content in the syngas. The biomass used for the process derive from the routine maintenance of the Gallipoli Cognato's foresty
pPRUNINGS
A second step of the project provides the use of biomethane for the service cars for the workers in the park h k
ENERGETIC OUTPUT
BIOMETHANE for the AUTOMOTIVE sector
Min 300.000km/anno
Adiabatic catalyst stages reactor for liquid biofuels production fuelled by CO2/H2
Cleaning of the syngas more efficiently and with lower processing costs Using the syngas such (H2/CO2) in catalytic processes for the production of liquid biofuels; Economical process also for sewage sludge
BRISK
The initiative runs from 1st October 2011 to September 2015. 8.98M funded BRISK aims to develop a European Research Infrastructure for Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, supporting R&D on innovative processes to convert sustainable feedstocks (agricultural/forestry wastes and energy crops) into liquid, gaseous or fuels. technologies, solid fuels The specific aim of BRISK is to overcome fragmentation in R&D facilities for thermochemical technologies by enabling researchers to have access to high-level experimental facilities and services across Europe. The BRISK network will encourage and facilitate cooperative research in the specialised laboratories of project partners. The facilities are also open to researchers outside the project
Industry 2015: HY-Tractor project Tractor-powered with a Fuel Cell fuelled to syngas
HY-Tractor
The initiative runs from 1st October 2010 to September 2014. The project involves the construction of an innovative and ecological sub-surface seeder provided with electrical rather than pneumatic or h d li actuators. El i hydraulic Electric actuators guarantee f hi h l l of control, which enable the d l i for higher level f l hi h bl h development of f advanced planting techniques, i.e. techniques including the use of GPS.
Thebestwaytopredictthefutureistobuildit
(PeterDrucker)
Thanksforyourattention
AntonioMolinoENEA antonio.molino@enea.it +390835974736
Gasificator
MCFC