Académique Documents
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1 US, Dept of Justice NDIC, The Economic Impact of Illicit Drug Use on American Society, 2011 2 Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Patra J. Global burden
of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet. 2009 Jun 27;373(9682):2223-33. [Table 4] 3Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs2007. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; October 2007
Swisher, J.D., Scherer, J. and Yin, K. (October, 2004). The Journal of Primary Prevention. Cost-benefit estimates in prevention research. 25:2.
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1.8% 1.8% 1.6% 1.6% 1.4% 1.4% 1.2% 1.2% 1.0% 1.0% 0.8% 0.8% 0.6% 0.6% 0.4% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
TOBACCO
CANNABIS ALCOHOL
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21 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Age
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2006). Underage Drinking A Growing Healthcare Concern. Available: http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/PSA/underagepg2.htm. 2Grant, B.F., and Dawson, D.A. Age at onset of alcohol use and its association with DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: Results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. J Sub Abuse 9:103-110, 1997. 3The National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) report. August 23, 2002. Available: http://oas.samhsa.gov/2k2/MJ&dependence/MJdependence.htm
Bence, M., Brandon, R., Lee, I., Tran, H. University of Washington. (2000). Impact of peer substance use on middle school performance in Washington: Summary. Washington Kids Count/University of WA: Seattle, WA. Available: http://www.hspc.org/wkc/special/pdf/peer_sub_091200.pdf
Softening attitudes generally precede an increase in drug use rates by approximately two years.
When the 2009 Monitoring the Future Survey results were released, Lloyd Johnston stated:
Not only is use rising, but a key belief about the degree of risk associated with marijuana use has been in decline among young people even longer, and the degree to which teens
disapprove of use of the drug has recently begun to decline. Changes in these beliefs and attitudes are often very influential in driving changes in use. 1
1Johnston,
L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (December 14, 2009). "Teen marijuana use tilts up while some drugs decline in use." University of Michigan News Service: Ann Arbor, MI. Retrieved from http://www.monitoringthefuture.org
12th Graders Past Year Marijuana Use vs. Perceived Risk of Occasional Marijuana Use
SOURCE: University of Michigan, 2011 Monitoring the Future Study SOURCE: University of Michigan, 2009 Monitoring the Future Study
The latest MTF data shows disturbing trends, as attitudes have softened and use has increased.
Percent of Students Reporting Marijuana Use, Cigarette Use in Past Month, by Grade
SOURCE: University of Michigan, 2011 Monitoring the Future Study SOURCE: University of Michigan, 2009 Monitoring the Future Study
Percent of 30-day, Annual and Lifetime Use of Amphetamines Among 12th Graders
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2009 2010 2011
SOURCE: University of Michigan, 2011 Monitoring the Future Study
The 2011 Monitoring the Future Survey also found that nearly 1 in 20 of all 12th graders reported the nonmedical use of OxyContin in the past year.