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Cartridge parts Case metal, plastic, paper holds all parts of round together primer and powder and

and bullet Rim edge of cartridge stop case from going into chamber Crimp for shotgun only part of case mouth bends inward to grip bullet head stamp (head) markings on head of ammunition indicates caliber or gauge identifies manufacturer shot (shotgun only) pellets of various sizes made of lead

wadding (shotgun only) seal and confine gases not found in any other cartridge primer small metal cup contain mixture ignites powder charge powder propellant used in firearms produce large volume of gas bullet projectile when in flight part that enters body round complete ammunition cartridge Ammunition identified by caliber or gauge on cartridge

Caliber measurement to identify different cartridge sizes identify correct ammo for specific weapon Gauge measurement of shotgun bores 12 balls- 12 gauge 1lb Revolver uses . 38 special 357 Magnums Semi auto pistol . 40 caliber .45 caliber 9 mm 10 mm Shot gun 12 gauge Rifle/Carbine 223 Remington 9mm 10 mm

1- What fundamentals contribute to accurate shooting? stance grip sight alignment sight picture trigger control follow- through

2- T/F Fundamentals for both revolver/ pistol are same. True 3- _Stance_ is the posture a shooter assumes while firing a shot. 4- A proper stance and steady efficient shooting position gives what to a shooter? more stability ability to move ability to engage target properly 5- What are the positions a handgun can be fired from? standing kneeling barricade (roll- out method) kneeling barricade (roll- out method) hip shooting low/ready high point shooting modified weaver (weaver) isosceles

6- Describe Isosceles stance. standing straight up body and head square to target arms locked straight out 7- Describe weaver stance. Standing with feet and shoulder at 45 degree angle dominant foot to rear weapon hand locked out straight support hand bend at elbow push with shooting hand pull with support hand

create isometric tension 8- Why might people use modified weaver? because of their physical characteristics helps them perform skill more efficiently 9- Describe 2 options you have from hip shooting? one handed hip shooting two handed hip shooting 10- Define Barricade position. - a position that is behind cover 11- What method is used in Barricade/Kneeling barricade positioning? roll out method 12- In hip shooting position, your eyes should be... both eyes open and looking at subject on target 13- In standing position, where should your gun be raised to? to your eye level 14- What is considered arms reach of a subject? - 3 to 4 feet away of a subject 15- Within arms reach of subject, what kind of shooting should be used, Why? hip shooting because if you extend your arms and weapon, the subject is close enough to grab your firearm; or knock your hand and firearm to the side 16- What are the proper gripping for a handgun? one hand grip two hand grip 17- Which grip lets you steady your shooting hand with support hand? two handed 18- Which grip gives maximum support while shooting?

twp handed 19- Define sight alignment? is the relationship with the front sight and rear sight with shooters eye or eyes. 20- What is the most important aspect of aiming? keeping your eye(s) centered behind rear and front sights. 21- Which method causes least inconsistency from shot to shot? using sight alignment 22- Define sight picture. is the relationship between the eye, front sight, and target 23- What eye do you use to align sights? your dominant eye 24- T/F It is recommended to keep both eyes open when firing. True 25- Controlling the trigger is _mental_ process. 26- Pulling the trigger is a _physical_ process. 27- _Trigger Control_ results when trigger finger pulls the trigger straight back with increasing yet constant and steady pressure until firearm discharges. 28- What is most difficult handgun fundamental to master? Trigger control 29- Which finger should you place on trigger? index finger 30- What causes more misses than any other in shooting? improper trigger control

31- What are some things that can disturb your aim?

jerking the trigger flinching anticipating the recoil 32- Ideal trigger control should produce a _Surprise_ shot. 33- Define Follow Through. involves maintaining sight alignment before, during, and after firing a round. 34- What is the flashlight's main function? illumination 35- The purpose of the illumination is for... movement navigation searching identifications and engagement of a threat

36- What 2 factors must be considered in choosing appropriate flash light? firearm size hand size 37- What happens when you move from a dark to lighted area? your silhouette may present you as a target 38- Which flashlight grip is.... held in support hand illuminating end projecting from index finger side of hand thumb controls on/off switch 39- Which flashlight grip is.... held in support hand illuminating end projecting from little finger on side the side of hand thumb controls rear mounted switch index finger control side mounted switch

40- Which flashlight grip is.... held in support hand between index finger and middle finger

used with small 4 to 6 inch flashlight with a rear switch and ring around the grip switch pulled back against base of hand and knuckles 41- _Point Shooting_ is the technique used when you can not use the sights on your weapon or you have no time to align the sight properly. 42- When does the handgun become an extension of your arm and hand? in point shooting 43- When should you use this method? only if you are close to target or threat 44- If more then 7 yards (target) what should you do? seek cover evaluate your options 45- Flashlight use: Explain Ayoob Technique. thumb to thumb 46- Explain Harries technique. back of the hand to back of the hand 47- What type of group is required for Ayoob? watchman grip 48- What type of group is required for Harries? law enforcement or tactical grip 49- In what positions can you fire a shotgun? basic standing knelling low ready port arms barricade positions

50- What is purpose of cheek weld? provide firm contact between your cheek and the comb of the stock

51- What enables your head weapon to recoil as one unit? the firm contact of the head, hand, and shot gun 52- What are two types sighting for shotgun? rifle sights bead sights 53- T/F Bead sight shotgun allows rear sight. False (Bead sighted shotguns have no rear sights) 54- How do you use rifle sight? align front sight with rear sight 55- How do you use bead sight? focus the bead barrel should not be visible 56- What is the trigger control of the shotgun? single-action trigger 57- When is the hammer cocked on a shotgun? the hammer is cocked each time weapon is cycled 58- How much pressure is needed to squeeze shot gun trigger? 4 to 8 pounds 59- What must you maintain to have complete follow through with handgun/ shot gun? proper grip stance finger placement on trigger 60- The shotgun requires a _sight _ picture each time you fire.

61- What positions can you fire a rifle? basic

standing kneeling low kneeling low/ready barricade prone

62- How are you positioned in high point shooting? you are in firing position with your sights on target 63- What are advantages of prone position? steadier than standing and kneeling easier to assume presents a lower profile 64- You must acquire a _sight_ picture, when firing a weapon. 65- What should a gun belt include for revolver? holster belt keepers speed loaders speed loader case

66- Where should you carry extra ammo for training/ qualification? shooting hand pants pockets 67- T/F When unloading revolver, allow casings to fall to ground. True 68- What should gun belt include for a semi auto pistol? holster belt keeper magazine pouch 69- Which way should magazine face in pouch? the front of magazine toward center of your body 70- Where should you carry your magazine pouch? on support hand side in a vertical position

71- T/F You should catch magazine when you unload it. False (let it fall to the ground) 72- Define tactical load. a technique used to reload in a tactical situation (combat load) 73- What is critical to an officer in a winning confrontation? using cover and concealment 74- _Cover_ any object or obstacle that creates a bullet resistant barrier between you and a threat. 75- _Concealment_ any object or group of objects that creates a visual barrier between you and a threat, but may not stop a projectile. 76- Give example of cover. solid concrete wall vehicle engine block concrete telephone pole 77- Give example of concealment. bushes trees cars 78- What is purpose of concealment? to hide your exact location 79- T/F Cover can be concealment but concealment may be cover. True 80- How should cover be chosen? based on its bullet stopping capabilities not its size 81- If a bullet can penetrate through a door, wall, or material, it is considered _Concealment_. 82- What is the objective of a cover? to save your life by stopping or deflecting bullets

provide safer environment while evaluating a situation 83- What are tactical considerations in using cover? use it whenever possible 84- Where should you reload? behind cover whenever possible while observing a threat 85- What should you consider in determining appropriate cover? size (does it fully conceal your body) density ( is it capable of stopping a projectile) location (is it tactically sound; can you still engage the threat) versatility (how many options do you have)

86- What is purpose to move closer using cover? to gain tactical advantage to reach a safe location 87- When moving, what should you use? concealment run, crawl, duck walk if need to 88- What should you do before moving? select your next position scan the area first have weapon in ready position be ready to engage threat at any time

89- T/F You should crowd your cover. False 90- Why shouldn't you crowd your cover? it decreases mobility in creases chance of being hit by direct ricochet or debris from projectile's impact which can disable your firearm muzzle flash may reveal location 91- Malfunction is a condition that prevents a firearm from operating normally. Revolver

92- What do revolver malfunctions include? failure to fire misfire squib load casing aught under extractor frozen cylinder (improperly closed cylinder)

93- __Squib Load__ occurs when there is no powder or a partial burn of powder and the primer ignites. 94- What kind of sound do you hear if experiencing a squib load? Has a distinct sound A Pop instead of a Bang feel much less recoil 95- What can cause a malfunction in a revolver? not loaded bad primer dirt or debris rebound spring strain screw altering of weapon firing pin/ hammer nose breaks

96- How do you clear a unloaded gun malfunction? load the revolver 97- What will cause a misfire? bad primer 98- How do you fix a malfunction from debris/ dirt? unload and clean the weapon 99- Who can fix a strain screw, rebound springs, or firing pin/ hammer nose break? A certified armorer

100- T/F Student should attempt to alter a weapon to continue fire. False (never)

101- If a misfire/ malfunction happen in deadly force situation, what should you do? retreat and move to cover 102- Define frozen cylinder. Cylinder that does not rotate 103- What can cause frozen cylinder? debris and dirt under the extractor ( it locks the cylinder) bad ammunition 104- How can you prevent frozen cylinder? check your ammunition before loading Pistol 105- What does semi-auto pistol malfunction include? squib load failure to fire failure to feed failure to eject (stove pipe) failure to extract double feed

106- What is leading cause of malfunction in semi auto pistol? improperly seating magazine 107- You can use 2 clearance for most pistol malfunctions except? squib load 108- Phase 1 is used for? failure to feed failure to fire stove pipe failure to extract

109- What is a Phase 1 clearance? Tap

Rack Ready Fire 110- When do you use Phase 2 clearance? when phase 1 clearance does not work for a double feed 111- What do you do to complete a Phase 2 clearance? lock slide to rear press magazine release; strip magazine from magazine well work slide back and forward insert new magazine charge ready fire New Out In Rack Ready

112- Failure to fire occurs when the trigger is pulled, but the round fails to detonate. 113- What conditions causes failure to fire? safety is engaged failure to chamber a round improperly seated magazine primer fails to fire

114- What phase do you use for the following: failure to fire failure to feed stove pipe failure to extract malfunction failure to eject failure to extract double feed 115- What could be a major safety hazard? A Squib Load

phase 1 phase 1 phase 1 phase 1 phase 1 phase 1 phase 2

116- Failure to feed occurs when the cartridge fails to feed into the chamber. 117- What is another name for a failure to eject? a stovepipe

118- _failure to feed_ occurs when magazine not fully seated. (pistol) 119- _stove pipe (failure to eject)_ occurs when a fired round/ brass does not completely eject. (pistol) 120- What usually causes a failure to eject? weak powder charge bad ammunition a dry weapon (not enough lubrication) shooter does not allow enough resistance for slide to operate

121- double feed is a failure to extract the round in the chamber and a new round being fed from the magazine well. 122- What causes a double feed? damaged or improperly dimensioned magazine lips faulty cartridge interrupter 123- failure to extract occurs when the pistol fails to extract a spent casing from its chamber. 124- What causes failure to extract? Shotgun weak powder charge dirt behind the extractor dirty chamber broken extractor damaged or worn rim on the case overexpanded or cracked case

125- What causes a failure to feed? (for which do you cycle the slide or call for instructor) shell stop holding back the shell magazine follower sticking to magazine tube improperly operating carrier prevents alignment of the shell ammunition inverted fore-end/ slide is not cycled completely weapon is not loaded (instructor) (instructor) (instructor) (instructor) ( cycle the slide) (cycle the slide)

126- _double feed_ occur when shell stop fails to retain a shell in the magazine tube after one has been moved onto the carrier. 127- _stacked feed__ occurs when a round is in chamber; action is closed. 128- If trigger is pulled, but round fail to fire, it is a __failure to fire_.

129- What causes a failure to fire in a shot gun? safety is on chamber is empty round is bad firing pin is broken

130- _failure to extract_ occurs when shot gun fails to extract a spent casing. 131- What causes a failure to extract? broken extractor worn extractor hook 132- _failure to open_ is when fore end/ slide will not cycle; shotgun won't open. 133- _failure to eject_ occurs when an ejection is missing or broken, the shell is swollen and will not extract, or an ejector is bent or improperly positioned. 134- __Stove pipe__ occurs when bolt and ejection port trap a partially ejected shell. Rifle 135- Rifle malfunction includes... squib load failure to fire failure to feed failure to eject (stove pipe) failure to extract (double feed)

136- What is phase 1 Clearance? (same as simi auto pistol Tap Rack Ready Fire

137- What is Phase 2 Clearance? (same as semi auto pistol) lock slide to rear press magazine release; strip magazine from magazine well work slide back and forward

insert new magazine charge ready fire

138- What do you use to clean most weapons? cleaning tools solvent and lubricant patches and swabs weapons cleaning kit manufacturer's guide

139- What should you pay attention to for a pistol? magazines bore recoil spring slide extractor firing pin hole

140- What should you pay attention to for a revolver? cylinder cylinder chamber bore area below the top strap firing pin hole ejector rod extractor

141- If a threat demands deadly force, officer must..... Identify the threat innocent bystanders field of fire what lies beyond the field of fire determine if cover is available decide that deadly force is the only course of action respond as quickly as possible 142- Th ability to asses a situation depends on what? observation skills ability to recognize hazardous areas and potential weapons identify areas for cover and concealment 143- What increases your awareness of your surroundings?

sense of sight sound smell touch

144- What is included in Discretionary Shooting: Explain each skill Threat Recognition distinguish if it is a deadly force/ non deadly force threat Reaction Time time between recognizing threat and reacting taking appropriate action Verbal commands identify self give clear/ concise commands Reloading take cover and reload Use of cover move to cover crab walk Weapon Status follow safety rules when handling weapon be aware of weapons status ( rounds in Mag/ chamber) respond to malfunctions Engagement of non- deadly threat identify respond Neutralized target - neutralize all deadly threats

1- What fundamentals contribute to accurate shooting? 2- T/F Fundamentals for both revolver/ pistol are same. 3- ____________ is the posture a shooter assumes while firing a shot. 4- A proper stance and steady efficient shooting position gives what to a shooter? 5- What are the positions a handgun can be fired from? 6- Describe Isosceles stance. 7- Describe weaver stance. 8- Why might people use modified weaver? 9- Describe 2 options you have from hip shooting? 10- Define Barricade position. 11- What method is used in Barricade/Kneeling barricade positioning? 12- In hip shooting position, your eyes should be... 13- In standing position, where should your gun be raised to? 14- What is considered arms reach of a subject? 15- Within arms reach of subject, what kind of shooting should be used, Why? 16- What are the proper gripping for a handgun? 17- Which grip lets you steady your shooting hand with support hand? 18- Which grip gives maximum support while shooting? 19- Define sight alignment? 20- What is the most important aspect of aiming? 21- Which method causes least inconsistency from shot to shot? 22- Define sight picture. 23- What eye do you use to align sights? 24- T/F It recommended to keep both eyes open when firing. 25- Controlling the trigger is ________________ process.

26- Pulling the trigger is a ________________ process. 27- _____________ results when trigger finger pulls the trigger straight back with increasing yet constant and steady pressure until firearm discharges. 28- What is most difficult handgun fundamental to master? 29- Which finger should you place on trigger? 30- What causes more misses than any other in shooting? 31- What are some things that can disturb your aim? 32- Ideal trigger control should produce a _____________ shot. 33- Define Follow Through. 34- What is the flashlight's main function? 35- The purpose of the illumination is for... 36- What 2 factors must be considered in choosing appropriate flash light? 37- What happens when you move from a dark to lighted area? 38- Which flashlight grip is.... 394041- __________________ is the technique used when you can not use the sights on your weapon or you have no time to align the sight properly. 42- When does the handgun become an extension of your arm and hand? 43- When should you use this method? 44- If more then 7 yards (target) what should you do? 45- Flashlight use: Explain Ayoob Technique. 46- Explain Harries technique. 47- What type of group is required for Ayoob? 48- What type of group is required for Harries? 49- In what positions can you fire a shotgun?

50- What is purpose of cheek weld? 51- What enables your head weapon to recoil as one unit? 52- What are two types sighting for shotgun? 53- T/F Bead sight shotgun allows rear sight. 54- How do you use rifle sight? 55- How do you use bead sight? 56- What is the trigger control of the shotgun? 57- When is the hammer cocked on a shotgun? 58- How much pressure is needed to squeeze shot gun trigger? 59- What must you maintain to have complete follow through with handgun/ shot gun? 60- The shotgun requires a ________________ picture each time you fire. 61- What positions can you fire a rifle? 62- How are you positioned in high point shooting? 63- What are advantages of prone position? 64- You must acquire a ___________________ picture, when firing a weapon. 65- What should a gun belt include for revolver? 66- Where should you carry extra ammo for training/ qualification? 67- T/F When unloading revolver, allow casings to fall to ground. 68- What should gun belt include for a semi auto pistol? 69- Which way should magazine face in pouch? 70- Where should you carry your magazine pouch? 71- T/F You should catch magazine when you unload it. 72- Define tactical load. 73- What is critical to an officer in a winning confrontation? 74- __________ any object or obstacle that creates a bullet resistant barrier between you and a threat.

75- ______________ any object or group of objects that creates a visual barrier between you and a threat, but may not stop a projectile. 76- Give example of cover. 77- Give example of concealment. 78- What is purpose of concealment? 79- T/F cover can be concealment but concealment may be cover. 80- How should cover be chosen? 81- If a bullet can penetrate through a door, wall, or material, it is considered _________________. 82- What is the objective of a cover? 83- What are tactical considerations in using cover? 84- Where should you reload? 85- What should you consider in determining appropriate cover? 86- What is purpose to move closer using cover? 87- When moving, what should you use? 88- What should you do before moving? 89- T/F You should crowd your cover. 90- Why shouldn't you crowd your cover? 91- Define Malfunction. Revolver 92- What do revolver malfunctions include? 93- _________________ occurs when there is no powder or a partial burn of powder and the primer ignites. 94- What kind of sound do you hear if experiencing a squib load? 95- What can cause a malfunction in a revolver? 96- How do you clear a unloaded gun malfunction?

97- What will cause a misfire? 98- How do you fix a malfunction from debris/ dirt? 99- Who can fix a strain screw, rebound springs, or firing pin/ hammer nose break? 100- T/F Student should attempt to alter a weapon to continue fire. 101- If a misfire/ malfunction happen in deadly force situation, what should you do? 102- Define frozen cylinder. 103- What can cause frozen cylinder? 104- How can you prevent frozen cylinder?

Pistol 105- What does semi-auto pistol malfunction include? 106- What is leading cause of malfunction in semi auto pistol? 107- You can use 2 clearance for most pistol malfunctions except? 108- Phase 1 is used for? 109- What is a Phase 1 clearance? 110- When do you use Phase 2 clearance? 111- What do you do to complete a Phase 2 clearance? 112- _____________ occurs when the trigger is pulled, but the round fails to detonate. 113- What conditions causes failure to fire? 114- What phase do you use for the following: failure to fire failure to feed stove pipe failure to extract malfunction failure to eject failure to extract double feed 115- What could be a major safety hazard? 116- ______________ occurs when the cartridge fails to feed into the chamber.

117- What is another name for a failure to eject? 118- ____________________ occurs when magazine not fully seated. (pistol) 119- ____________________ occurs when a fired round/ brass does not completely eject. (pistol) 120- What usually causes a failure to eject? 121- ______________ is a failure to extract the round in the chamber and a new round being fed from the magazine well. 122- What causes a double feed? 123- ________________occurs when the pistol fails to extract a spent casing from its chamber. 124- What causes failure to extract? Shotgun 125- What causes a failure to feed? (for which do you cycle the slide or call for instructor) 126- _________________ occur when shell stop fails to retain a shell in the magazine tube after one has been moved onto the carrier. 127- _________________ occurs when a round is in chamber; action is closed. 128- If trigger is pulled, but round fail to fire, it is a __________________. 129- What causes a failure to fire in a shot gun? 130- ____________________ occurs when shot gun fails to extract a spent casing? 131- What causes a failure to extract? 132- ____________________ is when fore end/ slide will not cycle; shotgun won't open. 133- ____________________ occurs when an ejection is missing or broken, the shell is swollen and will not extract, or an ejector is bent or improperly positioned. 134- ____________________ occurs when bolt and ejection port trap a partially ejected shell. Rifle 135- Rifle malfunction includes... 136- What is phase 1 Clearance? 137- What is Phase 2 Clearance?

138- What do you use to clean most weapons? 139- What should you pay attention to for a pistol? 140- What should you pay attention to for a revolver? 141- If a threat demands deadly force, officer must..... 142- Th ability to asses a situation depends on what? 143- What increases your awareness of your surroundings? 144- What is included in Discretionary Shooting: Explain each skill Threat Recognition Reaction Time Verbal commands Reloading Use of cover Weapon Status Engagement of non- deadly threat Neutralized target

Firearms: Definitions

Duty Life Failure to feed Double/ Single Follow-Through Double-action only Stance Point Shooting Shooting Hand Caliber Headstamp Powder Double-aught buckshot

Barricade Position Tactical Load Failure to fire Frozen Cylinder Handgun Stacked Feed Rifled Slug Sight Alignment Case Shot (shotgun) Bullet Rifled Slug

Failure to eject (Stovepipe) Double-action only Trigger Control Gauge Double Feed Single-Action Support Hand Rime Wadding (Shotgun) Round Concealment

Failure to extract (double feed) Double Feed Duty Life Malfunction Double/Single Safe-Action Squib Load Shelf-Life Sight Picture Crimp (Shotgun Only) Primer Birdshot Cover

1. _____________________ A position behind cover. 2. _____________________ A firearm in which ever round fires double action with the hammer at rest against the rear of the slide 3. _____________________ A weapon malfunction which is caused by a failure to extract the round in the chamber and a new round being fed from the magazine well. 4. _____________________ A pistol in which the hammer must be manually cocked and the first round fires double action but the subsequent rounds fire single action 5. _____________________ The recommended time that ammunition can be expected to be reliable. 6. _____________________ A weapon malfunction that occurs when a fired round does not completely eject 7. _____________________ A weapon malfunction that occurs when a spent casing remains in the chamber while a new cartridge enters a chamber 8. _____________________ A weapon malfunction that occurs when the cartridge fails to feed into the chamber

9. A weapon malfunction that occurs when the trigger is pulled, put the round fails to etonate. 10. _____________________ The maintenance of sight alignment before, during, and after firing a round 11. _____________________ A cylinder that does not rotate 12. _____________________ A measurement of shotgun bores derived from the number of bore-sized balls of lead per pound. 13. _____________________ A revolver or semiautomatic pistol. 14. _____________________ Technique used to reload in a tactical situation. 15. _____________________ Results when the trigger finger pulls the trigger straight back with increasing yet constant and steady pressure until the firearm discharges. 16. _____________________ A technique used when a shooter cannot use the sights on the weapon or he or she has no time to align the sight properly; the firearm is viewed as an extension of the arm and pointed at the target 17. _____________________A single, hollow lead bullet. 18. _____________________ A pistol in which the trigger is the only operative control on the gun. 19. _____________________ The recommended time that ammunition can be expected to be reliable, from manufacture time to issue time. 20. _____________________ The dominant or strong hand that is used to fire a gun. 21. _____________________ The relationship of the front sight and rear sight with the shooters eye. 22. _____________________ The relationship between the eye, front sight, rear sight, and target. 23. _____________________ A firearm in which the hammer must be cocked before the weapon can be fired. 24. _____________________A weapon malfunction that occurs when a lack of powder or a partial burn of powder causes the primer to ignite. 25. _____________________ A weapon malfunction that occurs when a round is in the chamber and the action is closed

26. _____________________ The posture a shooter assumes while firing a shot 27. _____________________ The hand that assists the shooting hand. 28. _____________________ The measurement used to identify different cartridge (projectile). 29. _____________________ The metal, plastic, or paper container that holds all parts of a round of ammunition: primer, powder charge, and bullet. 30. _____________________ the edge on the base of a cartridge case that stops the progress of the case into the chamber 31. ____________________ The ppart of the case mouth that bends inward to grip the bullet; with shotgun shells, the term applies to the closure at the case moth. 32. _____________________ Markings found on the head of ammunition that indicate the caliber or gauge and identify the manufacturer. 33. _____________________Spherical pellets of various sizes, usually made of lead 34. _____________________ The only part not found in any other center fire cartridge; used to steal and confine gases; can be made of plastic or compressed cardboard. 35. _____________________ Small metal cub containing the detonating mixture used to ignite the propellant or powder charge. 36. _____________________ Propellant used in most firearms; produces a large volume of gas when ignited 37. _____________________ Portion of the cartridge that becomes a projectile when in flight 38. _____________________ Complete ammunition cartridge that contains all parts of ammunition; a military term meaning one single cartridge. 39. _____________________ Normally used for bird hunting or practice; this shell has a load of small diameter lead or steel shot pellets; used for training purposes. 40. _____________________ 2 3/4 inch shell with .33 caliber lead pellets or a 3inch magnum shell with twelve .32 caliber pellets; penetrates solid wood doors, drywall, and wood walls at close range.

41. _____________________ Single, hollow lead bullet that weighs from 7/8 to 1 1/8 ounce; is .72 caliber and penetrates most materials but not solid steel. 42. _____________________ Anything that creates a bullet-resistant barrier between an officer and a threat. 43. _____________________ An object or group of objects that creates a visual barrier between an officer and a threat but may not stop a projectile. 44. _____________________ A condition that prevents a weapon from operating normally.

Malfunctions before clearing a malfunction you must: 1- keep barrel in safe direction 2- remove finger form trigger 3- safety is on 4- identify the kind of malfunction

Revolver Includes: failure to fire misfire squib load casing aught under extractor frozen cylinder (improperly closed cylinder) Causes of malfunction: not loaded bad primer dirt or debris rebound spring strain screw altering of weapon firing pin/ hammer nose breaks

Frozen cylinder one that does not rotate caused by dirt or debris or bad ammo

Semi Auto Pistol Includes: squib load failure to fire failure to feed failure to eject (stove pipe) failure to extract double feed

Leading cause improperly seating magazine

Other causes: safety is engaged failure to chamber a round improperly seated magazine primer fails to fire

Shotgun Includes: shell fails to load from magazine tube fore-end fails to close- or fully cycle failure to fire failure to feed failure to eject failure to extract double feed stacked feed failure to open failure to close stove pipes

Causes of Malfunction: shell stop holding back the shell magazine follower sticking to magazine tube improperly operating carrier prevents alignment of the shell ammunition inverted fore-end/ slide is not cycled completely weapon is not loaded

Rifle squib load failure to fire failure to feed failure to eject (stove pipe) failure to extract (double feed)

Same as Semi- Auto Pistol

Revolver Parts and Action Back Strap grip placed in palm Barrel provides path for bullet Crane (yoke) attach cylinder to frame swing in and out Cylinder houses extractor rod chamber holds rounds cylinder release latch open cylinder disengages cylinder from frame cylinder stop locks cylinder extractor

star shaped attached to extractor rod inside cylinder rounds rest

extractor rod causes round to be pushed through cylinder Frame Hold together internal parts Front Sight used for alignment/ locating target Grip grip and control of weapon magazine release button to release magazine

rear sight

used for alignment with front sight Trigger activates operation single or double action Trigger Guard protects trigger Hammer trigger pulled falls forward activate primer hammer nose strikes the primer pin/ firing pin hammer spur cocking weapon singled action mode hand turns cylinder as gun cocks aligns round with hammer (fire pin) allows rotation top strap houses rear sight over cylinder part you put fingers though when handing revolver over to someone

Cycle of Operation

Loading place live round in open cylinder close cylinder Locking lock cylinder into frame Unlock Feed Lock Firing primer ignites fire a round Extracting/ Ejecting pushing and pulling cylinder release latch rotates cylinder pushing extractor rod ejects rounds squeeze trigger; releases locked cylinder rotates another live round locks again fire (pull trigger) continues to rounds are complete/ empty

Handing revolver to Someone else point barrel in safe direction leave cylinder open safety check (unload all rounds) put 2 or 3 fingers thru top strap hand revolver to person with barrel down, GRIP First

Rifle Parts/ Action Barrel provides path for bullet Front Sight used for alignment/ locating target rear sight used for alignment with front sight Trigger activates operation Trigger Guard protects trigger Bolt contains fire pin, spring, extractor Bolt Hold button to release bolt buffet (buffer spring) enable Bolt to return after firing butt end of stock stock part enable shoulder support sit in shoulder pocket chamber supports case at rest support during firing charging handle enables withdrawal of bolt chamber a round trigger group (contains) trigger trigger springs safety all firing parts

ejection port opening allow shell to exit ejector empty shell from port had guard support rifle with support hand prove heat shield from barrel low receiver group contains magazine release magazine well trigger housing trigger components upper receiver group houses Bolt Assembly group magazine contains ammo; live round ready to be fired Magazine release button releases magazine from firearm magazine well house magazine Muzzle flash suppressor attached to barrel forward end reduce flash safety prevents firing red means fire sling swivels metal loops take down pins separates upper/ lower receiver allow field stripping and cleaning

Rifle Performance check operate bolt several times close bolt safety on pull trigger (nothing happens) safety off pull trigger (hear click) lock bolt carrier to rear insert magazine release magazine (fall free)

Handing rifle over to Someone safety on remove Magazine lock bolt to rear safety check hand to person with muzzle in safe direction

Semi- Auto Pistol Parts and Action Back Strap grip placed in palm Barrel provides path for bullet Hammer transfer energy to firing pin Frame Hold together internal parts Tang extension of back strap protects hand from slide/ hammer Extractor pulls casing from chamber slides travels to the rear also ejector ( part where brass come out) Dis-assembly Latch field stripping of pistol take gun apart Front Sight used for alignment/ locating target Grip grip and control of weapon magazine release button to release magazine rear sight used for alignment with front sight slide contains/ houses other parts slides go back then forward chambering a round slide stop/ catch release

button that locks slide open Trigger activates operation Trigger Guard protects trigger recoil guide guide recoil spring recoil spring-- pushes slide forward Safety De-Cock Lever safely lowers cocked hammer blocks hammer from contact with firing pin

Magazine parts Consist of 4 parts 1- Case magazine tube 2- Follower activates slide stop pushes each round up 3- Spring 4- Butt- Plate (floor plate) --Magazine holds ammunition (rounds)

Performance Function Check ensure weapon function properly performed after field stripping, cleaning, reassembling pistol Steps make sure gun empty operate slide several times take out magazine pull trigger lock slide to rear insert empty magazine depress magazine release (fall free) pull slide to rear; release

Handling Semi- Auto to Someone 1- remove magazine 2- secure magazine 3- point firearm in safe direction 4- work slide to rear and lock it 5- safety check- ensure empty firearm 6- hand over with muzzle down/ grip first

Types of Pistols are categorized by their Trigger Mechanism Single Action mechanism performs single action of releasing the hammer or striker hammer must be cocked before 1st round is fired once cocked it can be fired by pulling trigger once for each shot until Magazine well is empty it has automatic movement that cocks hammer (automatic cock) Hammer- Go's forward Double Action only every round fires double action hammer at rest against slide hammer never stays cocked hammer must be manually cocked pull trigger, it manually cocks, then releases hammer to fire a shot hammer go's back then forward Double/ Single 1st round fires double manually cocks when trigger is pulled 2nd round fires single action hammer remains cocked each time slide cycles after firing complete; hammer remains cocked must de-cock weapon before holstering

Safe- Action the trigger is the one and only operative control on the gun Glock handguns are safe action trigger always the same gun is never fully cocked until trigger pulled completely back

Cycle of Operations LCL-FUEEC Loading load magazine into firearm seat magazine in magazine well Chambering chamber a round after charge; round is chambered) Locking ready to fired/ Barrel locks in slide Firing pull trigger fire a round Unlock unlock barrel from slide release so brass out/ new round in Extraction

pulling pull round from chamber bullet is fired/ round pulled new round go's to chamber

Ejecting pushing ejects the brass Cocking

return to firing position re-cocks ready to fire again restart cycle

Shot Gun Parts and Action A shot gun is a smooth bore gun designed for firing at short distances Action Slide Release release slide located in front of trigger guard Barrel long tube that round travels through Bolt cylindrical steel part contain fire pin and extractor Bolt Carrier flat steel part where bolt sits Ejection Port opening to eject casing opening to load live rounds Ejector ejects shell from receiver Extractor mounted on Bolt removes shell from chamber Fore-End grip used to cock/ chamber a round front sight/ bead/ post on front of barrel used for alignment rear sight located on receiver or barrel used for alignment with front sight

Loading Port bottom opening input live rounds (load) take out live rounds (unload) Magazine Cap keep barrel in place located on Magazine Tube end Magazine Tube located under barrel holds rounds Muzzle (opening where rounds come out) front end of barrel Receiver holds trigger group holds bolt assembly entire section in front of the grip Safety button prevent shooter from pulling trigger visible red (fire) invisible red (safe) Shell Carrier slightly rounded steel part blocks loading port catches rounds release and raises into alignment with chamber elevator part you check- push up and down when doing a safety check Shell Latches (Shell Stops) 2 pieces of steel help hold rounds in magazine used to manually unload Trigger activates firing pin Trigger guard protects trigger Stock part placed in pocket of shooter's shoulder

Butt covered by recoil pad (placed in shoulder area) rear of the stock Comb top edge where shooter's cheek rest Grip behind receiver (lay my support hand) small of stock (use strong hand to hold, when loading/carrying) Heel top corner of butt Toe bottom corner of butt Recoil pad butt plate rubber reduces the kick

Cycle of Operations Loading place live rounds in magazine tube/ ejection port combat load Chamber cycle weapon with fire end/ slide push fore end forward (combat load) Locking close action by moving fore-end forward til it stops (hear click) Firing discharge weapon press trigger Unlocking unlocks when fired Extracting/Ejecting casing removed through ejection port by cycling slide/fore-end to rear

Shotgun Performance Check safety on point in safe direction cycle action leave it closed press trigger (no click) safety off press trigger (hear click) dis-connector working put safety on open action

Handing Shotgun to Someone safety on unload shotgun verify no ammo/ safety check/ lift shelf latch fore-end to rear keep action open hand over shotgun in port arms position

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