King Abdul-Aziz University Maritime Studies Ports And Maritime Transport Multimodal Transport

Contents
Economic Overview Types of transportation Ports developments and impacts. Investments Labor force. Important projects currently and future projects Impact of the Hajj on transportation Transportation Risks and problems Most imported goods and exported

Economic Overview
Saudi Arabia has an oil-based economy with strong government controls over major economic activities. It possesses about one-fifth of the world's proven petroleum reserves, ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a leading role in OPEC. The petroleum sector accounts for roughly 80% of budget revenues, 45% of GDP, and 90% of export earnings. Saudi Arabia is encouraging the growth of the private sector in order to diversify its economy and to employ more Saudi nationals. The government has begun establishing six "economic cities" in different regions of the country to promote foreign investment and plans to spend SAR1,399 ($373) billion between 2010 and 2014 on social development and infrastructure projects to advance Saudi Arabia''s economic development.

Economic Overview
total throughput by sea

Types of transportation
Railways (train) The construction of a railway line linking the capital Riyadh with Dammam, the seaport on the Arabian Gulf coast, dates to 1951 (1370.H), during the era of the Founding King, Abdul Aziz. As part of the Kingdom's all-encompassing development . Air Transport (planes) Saudi Arabian Airlines (SAUDIA) is responsible for the transportation of passengers and baggage on its domestic and international flights. Seaports (ships) The Port Authority overseeing the management and operation of nine ports head on both coasts of the eastern and western

 Roads (cars , Vans , trucks , Motorbikes ) The total length of highways and single and double (59000) kilometers And over (22) thousand km under construction And over (139,000) kilometers of paved farm roads.

Port Development
Today, the Saudi Ports are fully managed and operated by the private sector on a commercial basis. The Ports Authority still retains its supervisory role. The Saudi ports provide excellent services: Handling of all types of cargo. Three major container terminals, Two on the Red Sea (Jeddah Port), the third in the arabian Gulf (Dammam). Two ship repair yards (in Jeddah and Dammam) with 4 floating docks for each. Transshipment facilities. Re-export facilities.

Investments
Numerous investment opportunities within Transportation & Logistics Sector between the Base Economy & Economic Cities. An overall of USSAR375 ($100) Billion investment is anticipated over the next 10 years. These include: Sea Ports Air Rail Road Logistics

Labor Force

The value for Labor force, total in Saudi Arabia was 7,630,000 as of 2012. As the graph below shows, over the past 10 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 7,630,000 in 2012 and a minimum value of 6,430,000 in 2004.

Key indicators on Saudi labor movement 60 % of Saudi population are below 50 years old 24 % of the Saudis labor force work in the industry sector 31 % of the Saudi labor force work in the commerce sector 350,000 Saudis enter the labor market every year The unemployment rate is considerably high among Saudis. Approximately one million Saudis work in government agencies, out of which 400,000 are women. About 1.8 million Saudis work in private sector, out

Important projects currently and future projects.

Projects available : Roads: A.Completion of the expansion and improvement of Mecca / Jeddah old. B.The implementation and improvement of some intersections on the ring road in Riyadh. Lighting projects under implementation: A.Lighting by Jeddah / Medina intersection Rehaily and even King Abdullah University Bthol length (66.5) km. B.Complete lighting entrances Medina length (17) km C.Complete lighting and ventilation tunnels southwestern region number (10) tunnels

 New projects: A.The highway linking the city of Jeddah, Mecca directly (the first phase) with a length of 20 km. B.Linking Railway Line East to West C.Linking Line north to south D.complete the double by city Hail length of 35 kilometers

The impact of the hajj season on transportation: In the pilgrimage season comes pilgrims from all countries of the world and all kinds of transportation, leading to crowding congestion bottlenecks The most important projects carried out for ease of movement in the pilgrimage season and Jump is a train-Haramain, which started in 2009 and which fork in Mecca, a place pilgrimage and extends to Medina through Jeddah length 408 m, has been running segment in Mecca.

Transportation Complication
I. Congestion II. Accidents III. Strict regulation Accidents rates IV. Unauthorized driving According to the latest WHO data published in April 2011 Road Traffic Accidents Deaths in Saudi Arabia reached 5,233 or 6.01% of total deaths. The age adjusted Death Rate is 23.25 per 100,000 of population ranks Saudi Arabia #53 in the world.

Most imported goods and exported

Total value of imports amounted 4.95.6 billion riyals for 2011, up 24% from the year 2010 The total value of exports reached 5,157 billion Riayls, up 34% from 2010 Most important export commodities: oil and plastic products and petrochemicals and re-exported goods, food, metals, and paper and textile articles. Imported goods: Machinery and mechanical appliances, food and transport equipment, textiles, wood and wood products.

References:
http://www.ports.gov.sa http://www.aleqt.com http://wiki.answers.com http://www.mot.gov.sa http://www.saudirailways.org http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/