DEWI Magazin Nr.

19, August 2001

Brasilien Spezial
Brazil special Brasil especial

Wind Energy ATLAS of Brazil

Atlas do Potencial Elico Brasileiro

Windenergie Frderprogramm PROELICO fr 1050 MW in Brasilien

Wind Energy Promotion Programme PROELICO for 1050 MW in Brazil Programa de Energia Elica PROELICO para Promover 1050 MW no Brasil

Wind / Hydro Complementary Seasonal Regimes in Brazil

Complementaridade Sazonal dos Regimes Hidrolgico e Elico no Brasil

Erfolgreiche DEWI Windenergie-Kurse in Brasilien

Successful DEWI Wind Energy Courses in Brazil Cursos de Energia Elica do DEWI Bem-Sucedidos no Brasil

Wind Energy ATLAS of Brazil

Atlas do Potencial Elico Brasileiro
Antonio Leite de S Electric Energy Research Center - CEPEL Wind potential monitoring in Brazil has been a difficult question due to the large extension of the country, approximately 8.5 millions km. The number of available meteorological stations is not sufficient to cover the whole country. Besides this fact, the data available is not fully adequate for wind energy potential evaluation. Several anemometers were installed in areas that had become densely populated over the years, so that buildings and other obstacles were masking the real potential. A modern tool, suitable for Brazilian conditions, became necessary to estimate the wind potential over the Brazilian territory utilising new methods that could present as a result reliable wind energy maps. The development of the Brazilian Atlas was based on a surface wind modelling software named MesoMap, that simulates the atmosphere dynamics of the wind regime and the related O monitoramento do potencial dos ventos no Brasil sempre foi uma questo de difcil soluo devido a sua grande extenso territorial, na ordem de 8,5 x 106 km. A quantidade de estaes meteorolgicas dsponveis insuficiente para cobrir todo o territrio brasileiro e, alm disso, seus dados, para fins da avaliao do potencial elico, foram perdendo representatividade ao longo do tempo devido ao crescimento demogrfico e s alteraes na vegetao prximas. Por esse motivo, tornou-se imprescindvel utilizar uma ferramenta capaz de calcular o potencial dos ventos sobre todo territrio brasileiro a partir de outras grandezas, cujas medies tivessem uma boa confiabilidade e pouca sensibilidade aos eventos citados. O Atlas do potencial elico brasileiro tornou-se possvel pelo desenvolvimento, nos ltimos trs anos, de um abrangente sistema de software de modelamento dos ventos de superfcie chamado 63

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meteorological variables from validated atmosphere pressure data samples. The system takes into account geographical conditions like terrain profile, land and vegetation roughness, thermal interactions between the terrestrial surface and the atmosphere, including the effects of water evaporation. The model uses a data base from the upper limit layer in the 1983 to 1999 period. The simulations were counter- checked to existing references, such as terrestrial meteorological data, meteorological balloon's data, wind speed and temperature measured over the sea, and surface wind speeds where available. The simulation results are graphically presented in thematic maps by colours, representing wind speed regimes and wind power density at 50 meters height with a horizontal resolution of 1km x 1km in the macro regions identified as most promising, and 2km x 2km for the rest of the country. It is expected that this Atlas will enable the largescale use of wind energy in Brazil, taking advantage of a potential not yet well explored. The thematic maps presented below represent each region of Brazil and include a 5km offshore coastal line.

MesoMap. Este sistema simula a dinmica atmosfrica dos regimes de vento e variveis metereolgicas correlatas, a partir de amostragens representativas de dados validados de presso atmosfrica. O sistema inclui condicionantes geogrficos como o relevo, rugosidade induzida por classes de vegetao e uso do solo, interaes trmicas entre a superfcie terrestre e a atmosfera, incluindo os efeitos do vapor d`gua. O modelo empregou uma base de dados de presso de topo de camada limite do perodo 1983 a 1999. Essas simulaes foram aferidas atravs de referncias existentes, tais como grades de dados meteorolgicos resultantes de reanlises, radio-sondagens, vento e temperaturas medidos sobre o oceano, alm de medies de vento de superfcie j realizadas regionalmente no Brasil. O resultado dessas simulaes so apresentados em mapas temticos por cdigo de cores, representando os regimes de vento e fluxo de potncia elica em uma altura de 50 metros, com uma resoluo horizontal de 1 km x 1km nas macroregies identificadas como mais promissoras, e 2 km x 2km para o restante do pas. Espera-se que este Atlas permita o uso da energia elica em larga escala no Brasil, principalmente, nas reas ainda no exploradas. Os mapas temticos apresentados a seguir, representam cada regio do Brasil e incluem uma faixa de 5 km offshore da costa brasileira.

Inserentenliste Alstom, Bremen U2 Ammonit, Berlin 37 AN Windenergie, Bremen 36 Bremer Landesbank, Bremen 31 BWE, Osnabrck 22 Commerzbank Husum, Kiel 34 Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach 44 DEWI, Wilhelmshaven 5,17,21,32,45,48,49 DeWind, Lbeck 40 EBV Management, Oldenburg 76 Ekopower, Eindhoven, NL 26 EnronWind, Salzbergen 68/69 Fuhrlnder, Waigandshein 72 Germanischer Llyod WindEnergie, HH 13 GWU-Umwelttechnik, Erftstadt 47 Intern. Trade & Exibition, Istanbul 78 L&L Rotorservice, Hipstedt 55 NEG Micon Deutschland, Ostenfeld U3 New Energy, BWE, Osnabrck Nordex, Norderstedt Ostwind, Regensburg Peters & Thieding, Wentdorf Pirelli, Berlin Plambeck Neue Energie, Cuxhaven Projekt kovest, Oldenburg Reetec, Bremen REpower Systems, Husum Theodor Friedrichs & Co, Schenefeld TV Nord, Hamburg Vestas Deutschland, Husum Viking Consult, Pinneberg Wilmers Metechnik, Hamburg Windwrts Energie, Hannover WKN Windkraft Nord, Husum Wobben Windpower, Brasilien 62 6 25 18 15 12 77 59 19 37 43 9 75 4 4 U4 65

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Windenergie Frderprogramm PROELICO fr 1050 MW in Brasilien

Wind Energy Promotion Programme PROELICO for 1050 MW in Brazil Programa de Energia Elica PROELICO para Promover 1050 MW no Brasil Jens Peter Molly, DEWI

Brasilien verabschiedete im Zusammenhang mit der derzeitigen Energiekrise am 05. Juli 2001 ein Notprogramm zur Untersttzung der Windenergie (Resolution Nr. 24). Demnach erhlt die Windenergie eine zustzliche Vergtungen auf den schon erhhten Kaufpreis der kWh, gestaffelt nach dem Zeitpunkt der Inbetriebnahme des Windparks. Das Programm umfasst die Installation von 1050 MW bis Ende 2003. Mehr zu den Regelungen siehe unten (nicht autorisierte Englischbersetzung): Brazil passed on July 5th, 2001 an emergency programme (Resolution No. 24) to promote the wind energy development in the country. According to this, wind energy receives an additional bonus to the already increased reimbursement for the kWh generated by wind, depending on the date of commissioning of the wind farm. The programme is valid for a total of 1050 MW to be installed until the end of 2003. See below for more details about the regulations (unauthorised translation into English): O Brasil adotou um programa emergencial (Resoluo No. 24) para promover o desenvolvimento da energia elica no pas. Atravs deste programa, a energia elica recebe um incentivo adicional sobre o preo de compra por kwh gerada pela fonte elica, dependendo da data de implementao do parque elico. O programa vale para at 1050 MW a serem instalados at o fim de 2003. Para mais detalhes veja abaixo (traduo para ingls no autorizado):

Portugus PRESIDNCIA DA REPBLICA CMARA DE GESTO DA CRISE DE ENERGIA ELTRICA RESOLUO No 24, DE 5 DE JULHO DE 2001 O PRESIDENTE DA CMARA DE GESTO DA CRISE DE ENERGIA ELTRICA - GCE, faz saber que a Cmara, no uso de suas atribuies e nos termos dos arts. 2o, 5o, 13 e seguintes da Medida Provisria no 2.198-3, de 28 de junho de 2001, adotou a seguinte: RESOLUO: Art. 1o Fica criado o Programa Emergencial de Energia Elica - PROELICA no territrio nacional, com os seguintes objetivos: viabilizar a implantao de 1.050 MW , at dezembro de 2003, de gerao de energia eltrica a partir de fonte elica, integrada ao sistema eltrico interligado nacional; promover o aproveitamento da fonte elica de energia, como alternativa de desenvolvimento energtico, econmico, social e ambiental;

English PRESIDENCY OF THE REPUBLIC CHAMBER OF MANAGEMENT OF THE ELECTRIC ENERGY CRISES RESOLUTION No 24 OF JULY 5TH, 2001 THE PRESIDENT OF THE CHAMBER OF MANAGEMENT OF THE ELECTRIC ENERGY CRISES - GCE, informed the Chamber, using its attributions and the terms of articles 20, 50, 13 and following the Provisional Measures No. 2.198-3, of June 28th, 2001, that it adopted the following: R E S O LU T I O N: Art. 1o Creation of a Wind Energy Emergency Programme - PROELICA for the national territory, with the following objectives: to make possible the implantation of 1050 MW of electrical power from wind energy resources until December 2003, integrated into the national electric grid system; to promote the use of wind energy resources as an alternative for the energetic, economic, social and environmental development;

I-

I-

II -

II -

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III -

promover a complementaridade sazonal com os fluxos hidrolgicos nos reservatrios do sistema interligado nacional. Para consecuo dos objetivos do PROELICA, ficam estabelecidas as seguintes condies, com validade at 31 de dezembro de 2003:

III -

to promote the seasonal complementary of the hydraulic fluxes to the storage lakes of the national grid system. To execute the objectives of PROELICA the following conditions are established, valid until December 31st, 2003: ELETROBRS, directly or indirectly via its member companies shall contract from the wind energy generating companies the purchase of the generated energy for a minimum period of 15 years until a limit of 1050 MW; the purchase value (VC) of the energy mentioned in clause I will be equivalent to the transfer values of the tariffs related to the wind resource and established according to the regulations of ANEEL, applying to the VC the incentives foreseen in clause III; for projects which starts operation within the below stated periods, the following incentives will be applied during the first two years: a) for projects implemented until December 31st, 2001 - 1.200 x VC;

Art. 2o Art. 2o

IIa ELETROBRS, diretamente ou por intermdio de suas empresas coligadas, dever, por um prazo mnimo de quinze anos, contratar a aquisio da energia a ser produzida por empreendimentos de gerao de energia elica, at o limite de 1.050 MW; o valor de compra (VC) da energia referida no inciso I ser equivalente ao valor de repasse para as tarifas, relativo fonte elica, estabelecido conforme regulamentao da ANEEL, aplicandose ao VC os incentivos previstos no inciso III; para os projetos que iniciarem sua operao nos prazos abaixo, aplicar-se-o, nos primeiros dois anos, os seguintes incentivos:

II -

II -

III -

III -

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a) para os projetos implementados at 31 de dezembro de 2001 - 1,200 x VC; b) para os projetos implementados at 31 de maro de 2002 - 1,175 x VC; c) para os projetos implementados at 30 de junho de 2002 - 1,150 x VC; d) para os projetos implementados at 30 de setembro de 2002 - 1,125 x VC; e) para os projetos implementados at 31 de dezembro de 2002 - 1,100 x VC; IV os custos relativos energia comprada pela ELETROBRS devero ser integralmente repassados s concessionrias de distribuio do sistema interligado, de forma compulsria, na proporcionalidade dos seus mercados realizados no ano anterior; a qualquer tempo, os contratos referidos no inciso I podero ser repassados s concessionrias de distribuio. Para implantao do PROELICA, sero firmados convnios e acordos de cooperao com instituies pblicas e privadas. Caber ao Ministrio de Minas e Energia promover, coordenar e implementar o Programa de que trata esta Resoluo. Esta Resoluo entra em vigor na data de sua publicao.

b) for projects implemented until March 31st, 2002 - 1.175 x VC; c) for projects implemented until June 30th, 2002 - 1.150 x VC; d) for projects implemented until September 30th, 2002 - 1.125 x VC; e) for projects implemented until December 31st, 2002 - 1.100 x VC; IV the costs refered to the purchased energy by ELETROBRS will be, by obligation, totally passed to the electric energy distribution companies, corresponding to the proportion of their realised markets of the year before; the contracts mentioned in clause I can be passed to the electric energy distribution companies at any time. For the implementation of PROELICA conventions and cooperation agreements will be signed with public and private institutions. It belongs to the Minister of Mines and Energy to promote, co-ordinate and implement the programme to which this Resolution refers. This Resolution comes into effect with the date of its publication .

V-

Art. 3o

V-

Art. 4o

Art. 3o

Art. 5o

Art. 4o

Art. 5o

PEDRO PARENTE

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Wind / Hydro Complementary Seasonal Regimes in Brazil

Complementaridade Sazonal dos Regimes Hidrolgico e Elico no Brasil
Odilon A. C. do Amarante, Dario J. Schultz *, Rogrio M. Bittencourt** and Nelson A. Rocha***CAMARGO SCHUBERT Engenharia Elica, Curitiba PR, Brazil;*COPEL - Companhia Paranaense de Energia, Curitiba PR, Brazil**CHESF - Companhia Hidro Eltrica do So Francisco, Recife PE, Brazil***PROMON Engenharia Ltda, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil

Brazilian electric power generation is dominated by hydro - more than 90% of capacity and production. One important historical challenge to the operation planning of the Brazilian interconnected electrical system has been the seasonal stabilization of the energy supply, due to the stochastic nature of hydro resources. Most of the significant Brazilian hydro power stations rely on the hydrological regimes of the Southeast, which have a remarkable tendency for seasonal fluctuations of significant amplitude. The risk of depleted storage capacity on critical dry seasons has been increased in the last years, as investments in new power capacity have been delayed during the process of restructuring electricity market and privatization. In the last decades, wind power generation has proven its suitability to the Gigawatt scale, necessary to an effective contribution to electric systems. This paper demonstrates, from existing data, the wind / hydro seasonal complementarity in the relevant areas of Brazil, and discusses its possible effect on the feasibility of seasonal stabilization of the energy supply in the Brazilian interconnected grid, taking advantage of the country's large natural resources available. Case studies for the southern/southeastern and the northeastern regions of Brazil are presented. A brief analysis is included regarding the geographic location of the interconnected grid, main hydro power plants, and estimated promising wind farm areas in Brazil. 1. Electricity Generation in Brazil

Com o predomnio da gerao hidreltrica no Brasil, superior a 90%, a estabilizao sazonal da oferta de energia tem sido um desafio histrico ao planejamento da operao dos sistemas interligados, pois os regimes hidrolgicos tm carter estocstico com flutuaes sazonais de amplitude significativa. A grande maioria das usinas hidreltricas do Brasil depende do regime hidrolgico do Sudeste, o qual caracterizado por flutuaes sazonais de amplitude significativa. O risco de dficit da capacidade de armazenamento nas estaes secas crticas vem crescendo nos ltimos anos, como conseqncia da postergao de investimentos em novas usinas de gerao devido reestruturao do setor eltrico e privatizao das concessionrias de energia. Nas ltimas dcadas, o aproveitamento elio-eltrico mundial demonstrou aptido s escalas de gigawatts, necessrias a uma contribuio efetiva a sistemas eltricos. Este trabalho demonstra, a partir de dados existentes, a complementaridade entre os regimes naturais elico e hidrolgico em relevantes regies do Brasil e abre a discusso sobre os seus possveis efeitos na estabilizao sazonal da oferta de energia no sistema eltrico interligado, aproveitando-se os amplos recursos naturais disponveis no pas. So apresentados estudos de caso para as regies Sul/Sudeste e Nordeste. Aborda-se brevemente tambm a situao geogrfica do sistema eltrico interligado, das principais usinas hidreltricas e dos recursos elicos mais conhecidos no Brasil. 1. Gerao de Energia Eltrica no Brasil

More than 90% of the Brazilian electric capacity is generated from hydro resources (Table 1) [1]. This relevant participation from hydro is dominated by large power plants, especially those bigger than 250 MW (Table 2) [1,2].
SOURCE HYDRO THERMO TOTAL
Tab. 1: Tabela 1: Fonte:

As usinas hidreltricas correspondem a mais de 90% da capacidade instalada para a gerao de energia eltrica. (Tabela 1) [1]. Esta participao expressiva das hidreltricas caracterizada por grandes usinas, especialmente
Plant Capacity Total Capacity Relative Capacity MW GW % > 1 MW > 250 MW > 500 MW > 1000 MW
Tab. 2: Tabela 2:

GW 56.0 5.3 61.3

% 91.4 8.6 100

1999' shares of electricity sources in Brazil Participao das fontes de energia eltrica no Brasil em 1999. Eletrobrs - Plano Decenal de Expanso 1999/2008 - Ref. 1

56.0 51.1 45.1 41.3

91.4 83.4 73.6 67.4

Relative share of electricity generation Participao por classe de potncia na gerao de energia eltrica.

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Geographically, the majority of hydroelectric power plants in Brazil are located in river basins originated in the mountain ranges in the Southeast region (Fig. 1). This fact leads to the assumption that most of the electricity generation capacity in Brazil relies on the pluvial climatological regimes of the Southeast: rainy summer (DecemberMarch), dry winter-spring (JulyOctober). Independent studies [3] conducted at utilities in Northeast and South Brazil, have shown that hydroelectric power plants located in Southeast and Northeast Brazil have almost a similar hydrological seasonal regimes: higher natural water flow during summer-autumn (Dec-Apr), while critical reservoir levels are sometimes reached during winPosition of hydro power plants bigger than 250 MW in Brazil [2]. ter-spring (Jul-Oct). This fact Fig. 1: Fig. 1: Localizao das usinas hidreltricas de potncia superior a 250 MW [2]. has posed an important historical challenge to the operation aquelas com potncia instalada superior a 250 planning of the Brazilian interconnected electrical MW (Tabela 2). [1, 2] system, and it is also reflected in tariffs for large industrial consumers in the whole country. Com relao localizao geogrfica, a maioria Moreover, in [3] it is shown that both South and das usinas hidreltricas do Brasil esto situadas Northeast Brazilian wind regimes are complemen- nas bacias hidrogrficas com nascentes nas tary to the seasonal hydro regime, and discusses montanhas das regies Sudeste e Sul (Fig. 1). the possible benefits of a high wind energy pene- Este fato leva a crer que a maioria da gerao de tration to the National Grid. This paper reviews the energia eltrica do Brasil depende dos regimes essential results of [3] while focusing on further hidrolgicos destas regies. updates to this issue. Estudos de caso independentes [3] elaborados em concessionrias de energia do Nordeste e do 2. Wind/Hydro Seasonal Complementarity Sul do Brasil, mostraram que as usinas hidreltriin Brazil cas do Sudeste e do Nordeste tm regimes hidrolgicos sazonais semelhantes: maiores vazes 2.1 Northeast Brazil naturais dos rios durante o perodo vero-outono Northeastern utility CHESF performed simulations (dezembro a abril), enquanto que algumas vezes for a total wind capacity of 3GW, based on wind foram verificados nveis crticos dos reservatrios data measured during 1993-1995 at five different durante o perodo de inverno-primavera (maio a sites along the coast of State of Cear [3, 4]. The novembro). Este fato tem se tornado um desafio hypothetical wind farms were considered to occu- permanente para o planejamento da operao do py 10% of the Cear coast, with 500-600kW wind sistema interligado brasileiro e tambm tem turbines spaced 5x7 diameters, wind farm perfor- influenciado as tarifas dos grandes consumidores mance 90%, availability factor 95%. The resulting industriais no pas. Alm disso no artigo da refeaccumulated monthly energy predicted (Fig. 2) rncia [3] foi demonstrado que os regimes elicos do Sul e do Nordeste so complementares ao shows a strong seasonal trend. regime hidrolgico sazonal e discute-se os posFig 3 shows the average monthly natural inflow [5] sveis benefcios de uma maior participao da at the site of the CHESF Sobradinho hydro power energia elica na gerao de energia eltrica no plant reservoir, based on long-term measure- Brasil. Este artigo apresenta uma reviso dos ments. principais resultados de artigo da referncia [3] e aborda outras questes. 80

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1400 1200 1000

2.

WIND

Complementaridade Sazonal Hidro-Elica no Brasil Regio Nordeste

PARACURU

GWh

800 600 400

MUCURIPE COFECO

2.1

A CHESF - Companhia Hidro Eltrica do So Francisco, realizou simulaes com BITUPIT uma potncia elica instalada de 3 GW, 200 ACARAU baseada nas medies anemomtricas 0 Apr May Jun Jul Jan Feb Mar Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec referentes a 5 locais da costa do estado do Fig. 2: Simulated production of hypothetical 3GW wind farms in Cear durante o perodo de 1993-1995 [3, Northeast Brazil. 4]. Nesta hiptese, as usinas elicas seriFig. 2: Gerao mensal de energia produzida por 3GW instalados am instaladas em 10% do litoral do estado em usinas elicas hipotticas no Nordeste. do Cear, contariam com aerogeradores da classe de 500-600 kW, instalados com The large hydroelectric power plants (>250MW) in arranjo de 5x7 dimetros de espaamento, eficithe Northeast region are all located in the So ncia global de usina de 90% e disponibilidade Francisco River. In Fig. 1, Sobradinho hydroelec- dos aerogeradores de 95%. A gerao mensal tric power plant is numbered 22. Data for acumulada resultante (Fig. 2) apresenta uma forte Sobradinho can be assumed to be representative sazonalidade.
5252 5068 3997

4817

HYDRO
2489 1698 1946 1401 1201 1062 1188

3487

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Fig. 3: Fig. 3:

Natural water inflow at the CHESF Sobradinho powerplant reservoir (1931-1992) Vazo mdia mensal afluente no reservatrio de Sobradinho - CHESF (1931-1992)

A Fig. 3 apresenta o comportamento anual da vazo mdia mensal afluente no reservatrio de Sobradinho [5], relativo ao perodo de 1931-1992. Todas as grandes usinas hidreltricas (>250 MW) do Nordeste esto instaladas no rio So Francisco. A usina hidreltrica de Sobradinho tem o nmero 22 no mapa da Fig. 1. Os dados de Sobradinho podem ser considerados representativos para as outras usinas com potncia superior a 250 MW da regio Nordeste.

m/s

for all power plants bigger than 250MW in the Northeast. Studies in [3, 4] evaluated the increase in hydro reservoirs regularization at all CHESF hydro power plants in the So Francisco river basin (9.974 MW installed capacity), within several cases of wind penetration and related water savings. Main assumptions were based on State of Cear wind data, and water flow data from Sobradinho. The hypothetical increase in water flow (or water savings) due to wind power penetrations of 14%, 30% and 60% are presented in Fig. 4 and Table 3. One characteristic of Sobradinho reservoir is that the water rarely spills, even during the humid periods in the long-term operational experience. Northeast Brazil is known for the strong, constant trade winds along the coast. Also noticeable is the large occurrence of sand dunes along the Northeast coast: sand dunes close to the sea

Os estudos realizados nas referncias [3, 4] tambm avaliaram o aumento da regularizao dos reservatrios de todas as usinas hidreltricas da CHESF no rio So Francisco (capacidade instalada de 9.974 MW), em diversos cenrios de participao da energia elica e respectivas economias de gua. Os cenrios baseiam-se principalmente nos dados anemomtricos do estado do Cear e nos dados de vazo afluente do reservatrio de Sobradinho no rio So Francisco. O acrscimo hipottico de vazo (ou gua poupada) devido
Wind Penetration % 14.3 30 60
Tab. 3: Tabela 3:

Average Wind Power MWh/h 1090.0 2286.7 4573.4

Water Savings during Dry Period 3 Billions of m 7.4 15.5 31.0

Water savings at all CHESF reservoirs during the dry period (May-October) with increasing wind energy penetration. Insero de energia elica e volume de gua poupado correspondente nos perodos secos.

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m3/s

have the lowest roughness length, second only to offshore. State of Cear, for example, has more than 400 km2 of sand dune area along the coast.

7000 6000 5000 4000

A traditional argument against 3000 wind energy regards a supposed lack of firm power capaci2000 ty. Hydro power plants store potential energy in water 1000 reservoirs, while wind relies on the variable kinetic energy 0 from atmosphere. As demonstrated by CHESF [3, 4], the Fig. 4: integrated operation of wind and hydro will add seasonal Fig. 4: stability to the system, while increasing the possible system capacity factor when compared the current pure hydro system.

60% Wind

30% Wind 14,3% Wind

Natural Water Flow

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Equivalent water inflow at Sobradinho with increasing wind energy penetration. Vazo afluente equivalente (m3/s) no reservatrio de Sobradinho correspondente insero de energia elica.

Water savings are also of interest for other reasons, as the Northeast Brazil is vulnerable to long droughts; waters of the So Francisco River have been considered for other uses, mainly irrigation, by the Brazilian Government. One of the plans is to divert part of the river flow, through pumping and channels, to another basin that is seasonally dry. 2.2 South/Southeast Brazil COPEL, the utility in State of Paran, Southern Brazil, performed simulations for the feasibility studies of 50- and 200 MW wind farms integrated to the local grid [6]. Wind data was provided by micrositing measurements at the proposed site (Palmas), climatologically adjusted by wind data series for the period 1972-1993 from the 50 kmdistant Clevelndia meteorological station. Longterm hydro natural water flow data were taken from the most significant power producing SouthSoutheast river basins. The wind/hydro integration cases were computed using COPEL's
15000

insero de energia elica de 14%, 30% e 60% da capacidade instalada, est apresentado na Fig. 4 e na Tabela 3. O Nordeste do Brasil conhecido pelos fortes ventos ao longo de toda a sua costa. Ressalta-se tambm a ocorrncia de dunas de areias nesta faixa: as dunas prximas ao mar apresentam uma das mais baixas rugosidades ao deslocamento do vento, superior apenas quela no mar (offshore). O estado do Cear, por exemplo, tem mais de 400 km2 de dunas em seu litoral. A desvantagem mais usualmente atribuda energia elica seria a falta de energia firme. As usinas hidreltricas tm armazenamento de energia intrnseco na forma de energia potencial em seus reservatrios, as usinas termeltricas tm reservatrios de combustvel, ao passo que as usinas elicas dependem somente da energia cintica da atmosfera. Como foi demonstrado pelos estudos da CHESF [3, 4], a operao integrada de usinas elicas e hidreltricas adicionar uma estabilidade sazonal ao sistema, atravs do aumento do fator de capacidade das usinas hidreltricas existentes.
25 20 15

WIND / HYDRO: SOUTH BRAZIL

HYDRO

12000 9000 6000 3000 0

WIND

10 5 0

Fig. 5: Fig. 5:

Integration of a hypothetical Palmas 50 MW wind farm into the Southern Brazilian electrical sub-system. Integrao de usina elica hipottica de 50 MW em Palmas no subsistema eltrico Sul.

A gua poupada na gerao de energia eltrica tem outras importantes finalidades. Considerando-se que a regio Nordeste sofre freqentes perodos de secas; j esto ocorrendo conflitos do uso da gua do So Francisco, envolvendo principalmente a irrigao de lavouras. O Governo brasileiro vem analisando a utilizao da energia elica nos planos de desenvolvimento da regio.

HYDRO, MWmonth

FEB

MAY

SEP

MAR

NOV

AUG

OCT

JAN

APR

JUN

82

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JUL

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80000

WIND: SOUTH / HYDRO: SOUTHEAST BRAZIL

WIND

25 20

2.2 Sul/Sudeste do Brasil

WIND, MWmonth

A COPEL, empresa de gerao, transmisso e distribuio de energia do 15 estado do Paran, no sul do Brasil, tam40000 10 bm realizou estudos e simulaes da insero de uma usina elica de 50/200 20000 5 HYDRO MW no sistema interligado (Ref. [6]). Os 0 0 dados anemomtricos foram obtidos de medies no prprio local da usina (Palmas) e de ajuste de correlao com Fig. 6: Integration of a hypothetical Palmas 50 MW windfarm into the as medies da estao meteorolgica Southeastern Brazilian electrical sub-system. de Clevelandia a 50 km, referentes ao Fig. 6: Integrao de uma usina elica hipottica de 50 MW em perodo de 1972-1993. Os dados de Palmas nos subsistemas eltrico Sul/Sudeste. vazo foram obtidos das mais importantes bacias hidrogrficas das regies Equivalent Subsystems Simulation Model Sul/Sudeste. As simulaes da integrao hidroMSSSE. elica foram executadas pela COPEL atravs do Analysis of a 50 MW wind farm integrated into the Modelo de Simulao de Sub-Sistemas Southern electric sub-system (Fig. 5) showed no Equivalentes - MSSSE. seasonal complementarity, due to pluvial climatoAs anlises da integrao de uma usina elica de 50 logical characteristics of the Southern region. MW no subsistema Sul (Fig. 5), no demonstraram Resulting correlation coefficient was 0.226. complementaridade sazonal, devido s caracteristi60000

HYDRO, MWmonth

FEB

MAY

SEP

MAR

NOV

AUG

OCT

JAN

APR

JUN

DEC

JUL

Since the interconnected South/Southeast is predominant in the Brazilian electricity production and consumption, a simulation case was run for the 50 MW wind farm integrated into that subsystem (Fig.6). Seasonal complementarity became evident: resulting correlation coefficient was 0.480. Note the nearly 5 times higher order of magnitude in hydropower production from Southeastern (Fig. 6), as compared to Southern subsystem (Fig. 5). From 1994 to 1999, COPEL conducted a wind resource assessment project [7] through wind
8

cas climatolgicas pluviais da regio Sul. O coeficiente de correlao obtido foi de 0,226.

Considerando-se que o subsistema Sudeste o mais pesado na gerao e consumo de energia eltrica, foi tambm simulada a integrao de uma usina elica em Palmas nos subsistemas Sul/Sudeste (Fig. 6). A complementaridade sazonal tornou-se ento evidente: o coeficiente de correlao correspondente foi de -0,480. Deve-se tambm observar que a gerao hidreltrica conjunta dos subsistemas Sul/Sudeste (Fig. 6) de 5 vezes aquela s do Sul (Fig. 5).

Monthly Average / Long-Term Average

Fig. 7: Fig. 7:

Jan Apr Jul Oc t Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oc t Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr Jul Oc t

HYDRO

WIND

1983 1984 1985

1986 1987 1988 1989

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Interannual monthly fluctuations: Wind (Clevelndia) and Hydro (natural water inflow at the COPEL Segredo reservoir). Mdias mensais da velocidade do vento em Clevelndia e da vazo em Segredo.

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measurements in 25 sites in State of Paran. Similar seasonal wind regimes were found at all stations. The resulting Map, calculated for the State at a resolution of 2km, using mass-consistent models and GIS tools, was integrated for the evaluation of the electrical power and energy resource available from wind in Paran, under the assumption of wind farms occupying 2.0 MW/km2 of area (Tab. 4): As a reference for comparison to Table 4, present energy consumption in State of Paran is of the order of 20 TWh/year. Although wind speeds fluctuate in the time scale of hours and days, its climatological constancy in Southern Brazil is remarkable if compared to the Hydro resource in the time scale of monthly and yearly average (Fig.7). The Clevelndia PR monthly wind speed for the period 1983-1994 showed a standard deviation/long-term average ratio of 0.113, while for the same period the monthly natural water inflow at the COPEL Segredo reservoir presented a 0.840 ratio. 2.3 North Brazil Although the Amazon River has by far the largest water flow in Brazil, topographic characteristics of its flat basin make hydroelectric power plant projects unfeasible, not to mention the resulting area of rainforest to be flooded by a reservoir. The most important hydroelectric power plant in Northern Brazilian region is Tucuru, with 4 GW capacity presently installed, to be expanded to 8 MW in a few years. In Fig. 1, Tucuru is numbered 2 for being the second largest hydroelectric power plant in Brazil.

No perodo de 1994 a 1999, a COPEL executou um inventrio do potencial elico paranaense [7], atravs de medies anemomtricas em 25 locais do Estado. O comportamento sazonal elico foi semelhante entre todos os locais. Foi ento elaborado um mapa elico do Estado com uma resoluo de 2 km, utilizando modelos consistentes de massa e de geoprocessamento. A integrao deste mapa forneceu uma estimativa da potncia instalvel e da energia a ser gerada por meio de usinas elicas, considerando-se a taxa de ocupao de 2 MW/km2, como pode-se verificar na Tabela 4:
Using winds higher than Capacity installable (GW) Production achievable (TWh/year)
Tab. 4: Tabela 4:

6.0 11.0 20.5

6.5 2.7 5.8

Estimated available wind resource in State of Paran, Brazil [8] Potencial elico estimado do estado do Paran [8]

Apesar de que a velocidade do vento ser muito mais varivel na escala de minutos ou horas, na escala de mdias mensais e anuais a sua constncia muito maior quando comparada com as vazes do rio Iguau no Sul do Brasil (Fig. 7). As velocidades mdias mensais de Clevelndia PR do perodo de 1983-1994 apresentam uma relao desvio padro / mdia de 0,113, enquanto que esta relao para as vazes afluentes no reservatrio de Segredo da COPEL de 0,840 para o mesmo perodo. 2.3 Regio Norte Apesar do rio Amazonas ser o rio de maior vazo no Brasil, as caractersticas topogrficas de sua bacia, muito plana, tornam inviveis muitos aproveitamentos hidreltricos, sem mencionar as grandes reas que seriam alagadas pelos reservatrios.
1970-1994 Monthly Maximum 1970-1994 Monthly Average 1970-1994 Monthly Minimum

5.0

Monthly/Long-Term Average

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Fig. 8: Fig. 8:

Natural water inflow at the Tucuru reservoir in Northern Brazil, period 1970-1993 [10]. Vazes mdias mensais afluentes no reservatrio de Tucuru, 1970-1993 [10].

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Natural water inflow data measured at the Tucuru reservoir, available for the period 1970-1993 [10], presents similar seasonal behavior (Fig. 8) as to those from Northeastern- and Southeastern Brazil. Tucuru hydroelectric power plant (Fig.1) is situated in the Tocantins basin, originated in Midwest Brazil (Fig.1), a region that may thus be assumed to have similar pluvial climatological regimes as those of Southeast and Northeast Brazil, as can be shown by comparison of Figs. 4, 6 and 8.

A usina hidreltrica mais importante na regio Norte Tucuru, com 4 GW de potncia instalada na bacia dos rios Tocantins/Araguaia. Os dados de vazo afluente no reservatrio de Tucuru referentes ao perodo de 1970-1993 [10] apresentam comportamento sazonal (Fig. 8) semelhante aos das regies Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil. Fica evidenciado tambm que a usina de Tucuru, com o nmero 2 no mapa da Fig. 1, est situada numa bacia hidrogrfica que tem suas nascentes no Centro-oeste do Brasil, que por sua vez tem condies climatolgicas semelhantes s do Sudeste.

AT L

BRAZIL
AN T IC OC EA N

Cimento Eldorado

POWER TRANSMISSION LINES ( >138 kV ) CITIES HYDRO POWERPLANTS BIGGER THAN 250 MW

N LA AT

C TI

N EA

Fig. 9: Fig. 9:

Brazilian main power transmission lines (>138kV), urban centers of consumption, and estimated promising windfarm areas. Sistema brasileiro de transmisso de energia eltrica (>138kV), centros urbanos consumidores e estimativa preliminar das reas potenciais para usinas elicas.

3.

Power System Analysis

3.

Informaes Adicionais

In previous analysis it has been shown the occurrence of wind/hydro seasonal complementarity between the climatological regimes of NortheastNortheast-North and South-Southeast-North regions in Brazil. Further modeling should be performed to investigate in more detail the role wind

Nas anlises anteriores foi demonstrado a complementaridade sazonal hidro-elica entre os regimes climatolgicos do Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. Simulaes e modelagens adicionais devem ainda ser executadas para se avaliar mais detalhadamente a contribuio da energia

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can play in the Hydro-dominated electrical system in Brazil, as done in [9] for Danish wind power integrated to the Scandinavian power pool system. This task is beyond the scope of the present paper. Instead, additional geographic information can enlarge the view on other contributions wind can bring to the Brazilian national grid. The Brazilian transmission grid is shown in Fig. 9, where it is shown that all regions are now interconnected - and almost the whole system is subject to similar seasonal variations in available hydro resources, as shown previously. Fig.9 also includes urban centers of electricity consumption. Favorable wind farm areas are estimated to exist almost all along the Brazilian coast, closer to densely populated areas. That is the power consumption end of transmission lines (Fig.7), distant to the hydroelectric plants in the inner country. Wind energy, besides contributing to seasonal stabilization of the hydro-dominated Brazilian electrical system, can also play a valuable role in reinforcing the grid ends, and reducing power transmission losses to the coastline. This approach could be an alternative to current government policy to incentive to thermal power plants burning imported natural gas. 4. Conclusions

elica no sistema eltrico brasileiro, como foi feito na anlise da integrao das usinas elicas dinamarquesas no sistema eltrico interligado da Escandinvia [9]. Esta anlise no foi contemplada neste artigo. Entretanto, acrescenta-se mais algumas informaes geogrficas para um melhor posicionamento da contribuio que a energia elica pode ter para o sistema eltrico brasileiro. O sistema brasileiro de transmisso de energia eltrica est mostrado na Fig. 9, que tambm inclui os centros urbanos/consumidores e uma estimativa preliminar da localizao das reas mais promissoras (v>5,5m/s) para a instalao de aproveitamentos elio-eltricos (baseada em dados de rugosidade do solo / cobertura vegetal, relevo e nos dados anemogrficos disponveis). Pode-se verificar na Fig. 9 que h grandes reas promissoras no interior do pas que no so servidas por grandes linhas de transmisso ou subestaes. Usinas elicas instaladas nesta regio poderiam contribuir para o reforo e a reduo de perdas de energia em redes longas e fracas. Outras reas favorveis para empreendimentos elicos estariam situadas ao longo da extensa costa brasileira, coincidindo com os locais de maior consumo no extremo das linhas de transmisso. Mas, por outro lado, a maioria das usinas hidreltricas est situada mais no interior do Brasil. Desta forma, os aproveitamentos elio-eltricos, alm de melhorar o fator de capacidade do parque de gerao de energia predominantemente hidreltrico pela complementaridade sazonal hidro-elica, podem tambm contribuir para o reforo e reduo das perdas das redes eltricas.

A complete evaluation of the magnitude and geographical distribution of wind resources in Brazil is being performed by ELETROBRAS, through Camargo Schubert and CEPEL. Meanwhile, the available rough and preliminary analysis allows a strong affirmation that this integration would bring a big benefit to the system. Currently (June 2000), low water levels on hydro power plant reservoirs in Brazil indicates that this wind/hydro integration should be started immediately.

References: / Referncias Bibliogrficas:

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] Plano Decenal de Expanso - 1999-2008. GCPS-Eletrobras, 1999. Plano 2015 - Estudo de Oferta e Demanda Estratgica de Expanso do Sistema. ELETROBRAS, Rio, 1992. ROCHA, N., SCHULTZ, D., SUGAI, M., do AMARANTE, O. e BITTENCOURT, R. - Estabilizao Sazonal da Oferta de Energia Atravs da Complementaridade entre os Regimes Hidrolgico e Elico. XV SNPTEE, Foz do Iguau, Out.1999. BITTENCOURT, R. et al - Potencial Elico no Litoral do Cear e Rio Grande do Norte para Gerao de Energia Eltrica. Relatrio CHESF - DEFA-EO-RT-002/96. Brasil Relatrio de Vazes do Posto 169 - Sobradinho. CHESF. Estudos Energticos para a Usina Elica de Palmas. COPEL, Relatrio CNPG 22/97 do AMARANTE, O. and SCHULTZ, D. - Wind Energy Resource Map of the State of Paran, Brazil. DEWI Magazin nr. 15, Agosto 1999. Estado do Paran: Mapa do Potencial Elico - 1999. COPEL/Camargo Schubert. Trading Wind in a Hydro-Dominated Power Pool System. Roskilde University, Denmark. ANEEL / DNAEE Banco de Dados Hidrolgicos BOLETIM HIDROMETEOROLGICO N 9 - 1978. Departamento de guas e Energia Eltrica, Centro Tecnolgico de Hidrulica. So Paulo.

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Erfolgreiche DEWI Windenergie-Kurse in Brasilien

Successful DEWI Wind Energy Courses in Brazil Cursos de Energia Elica do DEWI Bem-Sucedidos no Brasil
Jens Peter Molly, DEWI
Seit vielen Jahren fhrt das DEWI Weiterbildungskurse zu spezielen Themen der Windenergie fr junge Ingenieurinnen und Ingenieure aus Brasilien durch, die von der Carl Duisberg Gesellschaft (CDG) in Auftrag gegeben und auch von dieser bezahlt wurden. Mit der auf diese weise wachsenden Zahl der WindenergieInformierten konnte zur Schaffung der personellen Grundlage beigetragen werden, die Brasilien heute an den Beginn einer sicherlich groen Windenergiezukunft fhrte. Hervorragende Windverhltnisse, vornehmlich entlang der viele Tausend Kilometer langen Atlantikkste, warten darauf genutzt zu werden. Schon seit geraumer Zeit wird an einem Einspeisegesetz fr regenerative Energie gearbeitet, das fr Windund Solarenergie sowie fr Biomasse und Kleinwasserkraftwerke die notwendigen finanziellen Randbedingungen schaffen soll, um diese Energien fr Investoren interessant zu machen. Leider gab es im Laufe des GesetzesFor many years now DEWI has been carrying out training courses on special subjects of wind energy for young engineers from Brazil. These courses were commissioned and financed by the Carl Duisberg Gesellschaft (CDG). In this way, the number of people with special knowledge on wind energy grew and helped to form a basis of experts who have now led Brazil to the start of a promising wind energy future. Excellent wind resources, especially along the many thousand miles of Atlantic coast are waiting to be exploited. For some time now, the Brazilian government has been working on an electricity reimbursement law for renewable energies in order to provide financial conditions that will make wind and solar energy as well as biomass and small hydro power plants interesting for investors. Unfortunately the bill was delayed several times for political reasons. At the end of 2000 it looked as if the legislative procedure would be brought to a close successfully by April 2001, H muitos anos o DEWI d cursos de aperfeioamento sobre temas especficos da energia elica, dirigidos jovens engenheiros e engenheiras do mundo inteiro, inclusive do Brasil, cursos estes financiados pela Carl Duisberg Gesellschaft (CDG). Em conseqncia disto, cresceu no Brasil o nmero de pessoas informadas sobre energia elica, o que proporcionou a este pas profissionais capacitados a dirigirem-no a um futuro promissor nesta rea. Ventos com excelentes condies, principalmente ao longo de muitos quilmetros da costa do Atlntico, esperam para ser usados. J h tempos se trabalha numa lei de alimentao de energias renovveis, que possibilite as condies financeiras necessrias para o uso das energias elica, solar, de biomassa e de pequenas hidreltricas, de forma a torn-las viveis e interessantes para investidores. Infelizmente ao longo da elaborao desta lei ocorreram atrasos devidos poltica, que impediram-na at agora de entrar em vigor. Como no fim de 2000 tudo indicava que a elaborao desta lei seria concluida com sucesso at abril de 2001, o DEWI decidiu em concordncia com o programa Public-Private-Partnership da CDG, oferecer um curso informativo de energia elica no Brasil, com o objetivo de tornar este tema mais familiar junto a responsveis de concessionrias, developers, fabricantes e tambm ministrios, rgos reguladores e universidades, mostrando as possibilidades e limitaes desta nova tecnologia. Depois de acertar alguns detalhes, pareceu ser

Abb. 1: Fig. 1: Fig.1:

Windenergiekurs in Fortaleza Wind Energy Course in Fortaleza Curso de energia elica em Fortaleza

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vorhabens immer wieder politisch bedingte Verzgerungen, die eine Verabschiedung bisher verhinderten. Nach dem Ende 2000 alles auf einen erfolgreichen Abschluss der Gesetzesarbeiten im April 2001 hinwies, entschloss sich das DEWI, in Abstimmung mit dem Public-Private-Partnership Programm der CDG, im Anschluss an die Verffentlichung des Gesetzes einen Windenergie-Informationskurs in Brasilien anzubieten, der die Verantwortlichen von Energieversorgern, Projektentwicklern, Herstellern aber auch der Ministerien, Regulierungsbehrden und Universitten mit den Mglichkeiten und Grenzen dieser neue Technologie besser vertraut machen sollte. Nach einigen Vorabstimmungen schien ein Termin in Juni als am geeignetsten fr einen solchen Kurs. Um mglichst viele Interessenten zu erreichen, eine terminliche Auswahlmglichkeit zu bieten und in diesem die Gre Europas berbietenden Land die Anreiseentfernung wenigstens etwas zu verkrzen, wurden als Veranstaltungsorte Rio de Janeiro und Fortaleza ausgewhlt. Beide Kurse wurden dann innerhalb einer Woche durchgefhrt. In Fortaleza am 25. und 26., in Rio de Janeiro am 28. und 29. Juni. Ideelle Untersttzung fanden die beiden Kurse bei den Landesregierungen Cear und Rio de Janeiro durch die Secretaria de Infraestrutura bzw. die Secretaria de Energia, da Indstria Naval e do Petrleo. Mehr als 500 Adressen in Brasilien und 400 in Deutschland und Spanien schrieb das DEWI an. Dankenswerterweise half das brasilianische "Centro de Referncia para Energia Solar e Elica Srgio de Salvo Brito" mit einer zustzlichen Versendung der Kursinformationen an seinen Adressverteiler und mit einer Information auf der ersten Seite seiner Internet-Homepage krftig nach. (www.cresesb.cepel.br) Was wir bei der Planung des Kurses nicht wissen konnten, war die Tatsache, dass Brasilien ab 1. Juni diesen Jahres eine Rationie-

and DEWI therefore decided to offer a wind energy information course in Brazil, following the publication of the bill. This course was organised in coordination with the CDG Public-PrivatePartnership Programme and was directed at representatives of utilities, project developers, manufacturers, ministries, regulation authorities and universities to make them familiar with the possibilities and limits of this new technology. After some consultations, the course was scheduled to take place in June. In order to reach as many interested persons as possible, offer a choice of dates and reduce travelling distances within this vast country, Rio de Janeiro and Fortaleza were selected as venues. Both courses were carried out within the same week, on 25th and 26th June in Fortaleza and on 28th and 29th June in Rio de Janeiro. Both courses were supported (non-materially) by the federal governments of Cear and Rio de Janeiro, namely by the Secretaria de Infraestrutura and the Secretaria de Energia da Indstria Naval e do Petrleo. DEWI had sent invitations to more than 500 addresses in Brazil and 400 in Germany and Spain. The Brazilian "Centro de Referncia para Energia Solar e Elica Srgio de Salvo Brito" very kindly supported us by additionally mailing course information to addressees on their mailing list and by informing about the course on their internet homepage (www.cresesb.cepel.br). What we could not know when planning the course was the fact that as of 1st June of this year, Brazil was forced to introduce a rationing of its electricity supply. Brazilian power production relies at 90 % on hydro power plants, and due to one of the most severe dry seasons Brazil has had for the past decades, the reservoirs did not carry enough water. When opening the course in Rio de Janeiro, the representative of the German Consulate General, Herr Mller, observed with a smile that

junho a melhor data para este curso. Tentando conseguir o maior nmero de participantes possvel, oferecendo opes de datas e diminuindo as distncias de viagem neste to grande pas, foram escolhidos dois lugares para se ministrar estes cursos, Rio de Janeiro e Fortaleza. Os dois cursos aconteceram no perodo de uma semana, em Fortaleza nos dias 25 e 26 de junho e no Rio de Janeiro nos dias 28 e 29 de junho. Apoio ideal estes cursos encontraram junto aos governos do Cear (Secretaria da Infra-estrutura) e Rio de Janeiro (Secretaria de Energia, da Indstria Naval e do Petrleo). O DEWI escreveu para mais de 500 endereos no Brasil e 400 na Alemanha e Espanha. A instituio brasileira "Centro de Referncia para Energia Solar e Elica Srgio de Salvo Brito" nos ajudou mandando adicionalmente informaes sobre o curso para os endereos de seu banco de dados e ainda colocando-as na primeira pgina de sua home page na Internet (www.cresesb.cepel.br). O que ns no sabamos ao planejar este curso, que o Brasil, a partir de 1 de junho deste ano, precisou iniciar um racionamento de energia eltrica, porque as represas que abastecem as usinas hidreltricas, que produzem 90% da energia do pas, no dispunham mais de gua suficiente, devido ao mais longo perodo de seca das ltimas dcadas. Isto levou o representante do Consulado Alemo, Sr. Mllers a abrir o curso no Rio de Janeiro com o comentrio "parece que o DEWI encomendou este racionamento de energia para conseguir mais participantes para este curso". Seja como for, realmente, o curso no poderia ter ocorrido num momento melhor, o que prova o grande nmero de participantes que tivemos. Com 30 pessoas em Fortaleza e 44 no Rio, os dois cursos ficaram lotados at o ltimo lugar, sendo que interessados vindos de longe, que apareceram na ltima hora para os cursos sem haverem feito

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rung der elektrischen Energieversorgung einfhren musste, weil die Stauseen der auf ber 90% Wasserkraft beruhenden Stromerzeugung durch die grte Trockenperiode der letzten Jahrzehnte nicht mehr gengend Wasser fhren. Bei der Erffnung des Kurses in Rio de Janeiro veranlasste dies den Vertreter des deutschen Generalkonsulats, Herr Mllers, zu der schmunzelnden Bemerkung, "es scheine so, als habe das DEWI diese Rationierung veranlasst, um mehr Kursteilnehmer zu bekommen". Jedenfalls htte der Kurs zu keinem aktuelleren Zeitpunkt stattfinden knnen, was auch die groe Teilnehmerzahl belegte. Mit 30 Personen in Fortaleza und und 44 in Rio waren beide Kurse bis auf den letzten Platz ausgebucht, weitere Interessenten der letzten Stunde mussten vor Ort abgelehnt werden, obwohl sie zum Teil von weither angereist waren. Wie Abb. 2 zeigt, musste in Rio schon die Klassenzimmerbestuhlung herhalten, was so manchen Teilnehmer an seine Schulzeit erinnert haben drfte, whrend in Fortaleza noch die klassische U-Form mglich war (Abb 1). In den jeweils zweitgigen Kursen, die vom DEWI-Institutsleiter Jens Peter Molly in portugiesischer Sprache, mit tatkrftiger organisatorischer Betreuung durch seine Frau Cristina, gehalten wurden, war eine interessanter Querschnitt von Reprsentanten aus den verschiedensten Organisationen und Firmen gekommen, was deutlich machte, welches Gewicht die aktuelle Energiekrise in Brasilien besitzt und das man gewillt ist, alle Mglichkeiten einer kurzfristigen Verbesserung der Situation zu prfen und umzusetzen.

Abb. 2: Fig. 2: Fig. 2:

Windenergiekurs in Rio de Janeiro Wind Energy Course in Rio de Janeiro Curso de energia elica no Rio de Janeiro

"it seems as if DEWI has ordered this rationing in order to get more people interested in their training courses". In any case, there could not have been a better time for the course, which was documented by the large number of participants. With 30 persons in Fortaleza and 44 in Rio, both courses were fully booked. We even had to reject some people who had turned up at the last minute without having made a reservation. As shown in fig. 2, seats had to be arranged as in a class-room, which may have reminded some of the participants of their schooldays, whereas the course in Fortaleza could take place in the classic U-shaped arrangement (fig. 1). The 2-day courses were held by the managing director of DEWI, Jens Peter Molly, in Portuguese, with active support in the organisation from his wife Cristina. The participants in these courses represented an interesting cross-section of all kinds of organisations and companies, which showed quite clearly the great importance attached to the present energy crisis in Brazil and the willingness to consider and implement all possibilities of improving the situation at short notice. In Rio, representatives of 27, in Fortaleza of 19 different companies and institutions took part in the course. Among these were five ministries and authorities, six universities and rese-

inscrio em tempo hbil, tiveram que ser declinados. Como a fig. 2 mostra, no Rio foi preciso montar a sala em formato de "classe de aula, o que deve ter feito com que alguns se lembrassem dos tempos de escola, enquanto que em Fortaleza deu para montar a sala na forma clssica de "U" (fig. 1). Os dois cursos, que tiveram durao de dois dias cada e foram ministrados em portugus pelo diretor presidente do DEWI, Jens Peter Molly, tiveram sua organizao sob os cuidados de sua esposa Cristina e apresentaram uma mistura interessante de representantes das mais diversas instituies e firmas, o que mostra o peso que esta atual crise de energia tem para o Brasil, alm de mostrar tambm que se procura todas as possibilidades para se checar rapidamente o que pode ser feito para melhorar esta situao e colocar ento, esta soluo em prtica. No Rio tomaram parte 27 diferentes firmas e instituies e em Fortaleza 19. Entre eles estavam cinco ministrios e servios pblicos, seis universidades e centros de pesquisa, seis concessionrias, trs bancos, uma companhia de petrleo e 17 representantes de fabricantes, developers, firmas de engenharia e consultoria.

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In Rio nahmen 27 verschiedene Firmen und Institutionen teil, in Fortaleza 19. Darunter waren insgesamt fnf Ministerien und Behrden, sechs Universitten und Forschungseinrichtungen, sechs Energieversorger, drei Banken, ein Erdlkonzern und 17 Hersteller, Projektentwickler, Ingenieurbros und Beratungsfirmen. So mancher Teilnehmer kam deshalb auch ganz gezielt zu den Kursen, um Kontakte fr die Durchfhrung eigener Projekte zu knpfen. Fr eine besondere Atraktion sorgte die Firma Wob- Abb. 3: ben Windpower Comrcio Fig. 3: e Servio Ltda., die nach Fig. 3: dem Kurs in Fortaleza eine Besichtigung ihres 10 MW Windparks in Prainha und in Rio einen Besuch des Werkes in Sorocaba anbot. Whrend der Windpark nur eine kurze Reise mit dem Bus erforderte, war zum Besuch des Werkes das Chartern eines Flugzeugs notwendig, um dann in anderthalb Stunden von Rio nach Sorocaba zu fliegen. Mit diesem attraktiven und fr die Kursteilnehmer kostenlosen Beiprogramm, allein in Rio nahmen 26 Personen an der Firmenbesichtigung teil, gelang es der Firma Wobben WindPower sicherlich, den Hightech-Industriezweig Windenergie angemessen darzustellen. Genau rechtzeitig zum Windkurs in Rio wurde der brasilianische Windatlas fertig gestellt, von dem von der CEPEL whrend des Kurses eine bersichtskarte an die Teilnehmer verteilt wurde. Leider war zum Zeitpunkt des Kurses das von allen sehnlichst erwartete Gesetz zur Vergtung der Windenergie noch nicht verabschiedet, wurde aber gerade in einer Expertengruppe beraten, in der auch einige DEWI-Kursteilnehmer aus frheren Jahren integriert sind. Allgemein wird ein alle Bundeslnder Brasiliens betreffendes Gesetz erwartet und, ergnzend dazu, eine zustzliche,

Kursteilnehmer in Fortaleza (nicht alle anwesend) Participants of the course in Fortalaza (not everybody present) Participantes do curso em Fortaleza (no esto todos presentes)

arch institutes, six utilities, three banks, an oil company and 17 manufacturers, project developers, engineering and consulting firms. Quite a few people may have attended the courses for the specific purpose of establishing contacts useful for their own projects. A special attraction was provided by the company Wobben Windpower Comrcio e Servio Ltda., who offered a visit to their 10 MW wind farm in Prainha after the course in Fortaleza, and a visit to their factory in Sorocaba following the Rio course. While the visit to the wind farm only required a short journey by bus, a plane had to be chartered for the visit to the factory in Sorocaba, one and a half hours away by air from Rio. With this attractive side programme, free of charge for the course participants, Wobben WindPower gave an interesting insight into wind power as a high-tech branch of industry. Just in time for the wind course in Rio the Brazilian Wind Energy Atlas was completed, and the course participants were given a general map of this atlas by CEPEL representatives. The eagerly awaited wind energy reimbursement law unfortunately

Alguns participantes vieram para o curso com o objetivo de fazer contatos para a realizao de projetos prprios. Uma atrao especial proporcionou a firma Wobben Windpower Comrcio e Servio Ltda., que depois do curso em Fortaleza ofereceu por sua conta uma visita a seu Parque Elico de 10 MW na Prainha e depois do curso no Rio ofereceu uma visita sua fbrica em Sorocaba. Enquanto que a visita ao parque elico exigiu uma curta viagem feita de nibus, a visita a Sorocaba exigiu um avio fretado para poder se fazer o percurso entre Rio e Sorocaba em uma hora e meia. Com este programa aps o curso, que no custou nada aos participantes e no qual somente no Rio 26 pessoas tomaram parte da visita fbrica, a firma Wobben Windpower conseguiu certamente apresentar a alta tecnologia da indstria de energia elica. Pontualmente para o curso no Rio, ficou pronto o Atlas Elico Brasileiro, do qual foi distribudo pelo CEPEL um mapa geral para os participantes do curso. Infelizmente no tempo em que o curso foi ministrado, a to esperada lei sobre alimentao de energia alternativa ainda no havia sado, mas estava sendo discuti-

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besondere Frderung fr die schnelle Realisierung von 1000 MW Windenergie, die die aktuellen Energieprobleme des Landes lindern helfen soll (siehe Artikel ber die Resolution Nr. 24 auf Seite 74). Nur wenige deutsche Firmen nutzten die sich bietende Chance, sich im Rahmen des Kurses in Brasilien bekannt zu machen und Kontakte zu knpfen, obwohl die Zeit fr Windenergieprojekte in Brasilien gekommen ist. Die allgemeine Meinung der Kursteilnehmer hierzu war: "Jetzt oder nie". Ent- Abb. 4: Kursteilnehmer in Rio de Janeiro (nicht alle anwesend) sprechend positiv und er- Fig. 4: Participants of the course in Rio de Janeiro (not everybody present) Participantes do curso no Rio de Janeiro (no esto todos presentes) wartungsvoll war die Hal- Fig. 4: tung der Kursteilnehmer, von denen einige schon had not yet passed parliament at the da por um grupo de experts, do ganz konkret an Windpark- time of the course, but was still under qual participam alunos de cursos projekten arbeiteten. discussion in a group of experts which do DEWI de alguns anos atrs. also included DEWI course partici- De uma maneira geral espera-se Ziel der Kurse war, mglichst pants from earlier years. In general, a uma lei para todos os estados do Vielen ein Grundwissen ber law concerning all the Federal States Brasil, com um complemento die Windenergie zu vermit- of Brazil is expected and, as a supple- especial que fomenta a rpida teln, damit in der anstehen- ment, an additional support program- instalao de 1000 MW de enerden Anfangsphase der Wind- me for the fast realisation of 1000 MW gia elica no Nordeste, com o energienutzung mglichst of wind energy which is meant to ease intuito de diminuir os problemas wenige Fehler gemacht wer- the country's present energy crisis decorrentes desta atual crise de den und die Windenergie (see our article on Resolution No. 24 energia (veja artigo sobre a resodurch erfolgreiche Projekte on page 74). luo No. 24 na pgina 74). einen weiteren Imagegewinn erfhrt. Wie die Erfahrung Only a few German companies took Somente poucas firmas alems lehrt, gibt es gerade am Be- the opportunity to participate in the aproveitaram a chance de se ginn der Entwicklung viele course in order to introduce themsel- apresentar e de fazer contatos por nicht ganz serise Zeitge- ves and establish contacts, although ocasio do curso, muito embora o nossen, die mit groen Ver- the time certainly has come for wind momento esteja propcio para sprechungen ber die Mg- energy projects in Brazil. The general projetos de energia elica. A opilichkeiten der Windenergie opinion of the course participants on nio geral dos participantes do ffentliche in Erscheinung this subject was "now or never". curso era: "agora ou nunca" e de treten und dabei nur die ei- Accordingly, the participants' attitude acordo com esta maneira de pengene schnelle Mark oder was positive and full of expectation, sar, o posicionamento foi respectiSelbstdarstellung im Kopf and some of them were already wor- vamente positivo, tanto que haben. Was daraus resutiert, king on wind farm projects. alguns deles j trabalham concresind unerfllte Hoffnungen tamente com projetos de energia derer, die darauf hereingefal- The objective of the courses was to elica. len sind, ein Schaden, der impart a basic knowledge about wind O objetivo do curso foi proporciodie Windenergie in Misskre- energy to a large number of people nar conhecimentos bsicos sobre dit bringt. Die beiden Kurse and so help to avoid mistakes during energia elica ao maior nmero sollten deshalb durch Infor- the initial phase of wind energy utilisa- possvel de pessoas, para que mation die wahren Mglich- tion and ensure that successful pro- neste incio do uso desta fonte de keiten und Chancen der jects contribute to a further gain in the energia sejam feitos poucos erros Windenergie auf einer tech- prestige of wind energy. Experience e para que assim, atravs de pronisch verstndlichen Basis has shown that especially at the begin- jetos bem-sucedidos, a elica vermitteln und damit die ning of a development there are ganhe em reputao. Como a Grundlage fr eine verant- always some dubious characters who experincia nos ensina, justamen-

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wortungsvolle Beurteilung der eigenen, anstehenden Windenergieprojekte liefern.

publicly promise the earth about wind energy, but in fact are interested only in making money quickly or in cultivating their own image. As a result, there are the unfulfilled hopes of those who fell for such promises, a damage that brings discredit upon wind energy as a whole. For this reason, the two courses were aimed at providing information about the realistic possibilities of wind energy on a technical basis in order to establish a sound foundation for a responsible assessment of future wind energy projects.

te no incio de um desenvolvimento, existem muitos contemporneos que no so srios e que "aparecem" por fazerem grandes promessas nos meios de comunicao sobre as possibilidades do uso da energia elica, porm na verdade s tm em mente um dinheiro rpido ou o prprio destaque. Disto resultam esperanas no realizadas daqueles que caram nestas histrias, um prejuzo que joga a energia elica em descrdito. Por isto, estes dois cursos tiveram a finalidade de passar informaes sobre as possibilidades e chances reais da energia elica, baseadas em conhecimentos tcnicos acessveis, para que as decises sobre os prprios projetos elicos possam ser tomadas com responsabilidade.

DEWI - Windenergie - Seminarprogramm 2002

DEWI's Wind Energy Seminars 2002
Henry Seifert, DEWI

Abb. 1: Fig. 1:

Teilnehmer des Windenergieseminars G04 in Pottenbrunn Participants of the wind energy seminar G04 in Pottenbrunn

Das erstmalige Ankndigen eines DEWI-Kurs- und Seminarprogramms im DEWI Magazin 18 sorgte fr eine rege Beteiligung an den angebotenen Veranstaltungen. Die Seminare wurden dabei nicht nur im DEWI selbst durchgefhrt, sondern auch in Istanbul, Trkei, Pamplona, Spanien, Pottenbrunn, sterreich und in Brasilien. Gerade der letzte Kurs traf mit der Verffentlichung des Energieeinspeisegesetz fr

As a result of the first announcement of a DEWI wind energy course and seminar programme in DEWI Magazin No. 18, all courses offered met with a very good response. The seminars were held not only at DEWI headquarters, but also in Istanbul, Turkey, Pamplona, Spain, Pottenbrunn, Austria and in Brazil. In particular this last course hit the mark, because it took place just at the time the new electricity feed-in

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