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. Sugar and Sugar Containing Drugs Official English Name Sucrose Scientific Name Saccharum officinarum Family Poaceae Part Used Stem Synonym Sugar maple Sugar beet Saccharum Sugarcane Tubo Occurrence Constituent Sucrose Uses Demulcent For making syrups and lozenges Masks undesirable taste Molasses residual darkcolored syrup used in manufacturing of EtOH Nutrient Diagnostic aid Fermentative Agent Laxative in pediatrics Osmotic diuretic Source of flour, alcoholic beverages, beer, industrial alcohol Flavorant Laxative Nutrient Refrigerant Demulcent Laxative Nutrient Demulcent Flavorant Laxative Nutrient
Manna
Fraxinus ornus
Oleaceae
Manna ash
Triticum
Triticum sativum
Poaceae
Grain
Hexahydric alcohol obtained by reduction of mannose or isolation from manna Iraxin Mannitol Phosphoric acid Starch Malic acid Sugar Glucose Sugar
Cherry
Prunus malus
Rosaceae
Moraceae Fabaceae
Liquid expressed from the fresh ripe fruit Partially dried fruit Dried fruit
Tamarind
Tamarindus indica
Fabaceae
Apple
Pyrus malus
Rosaceae
Partially dried ripe fruit deprived of brittle outer pericarp preserved in syrup Freshly expressed juice of the ground, ripe, and sour cultivated species of fruit Part Used Granules separated from the mature grain of corn Grains Tubers Grains
Sampalok
Laxative Purgative
Mansanas
2. Polysaccharides Starches Official English Name Corn Starch Scientific Name Zea mays Family Poaceae Synonym Mais Occurrence Polygonal rounded spheroidal Constituent Fat Fixed oil Salt Starch Sugar Water Phosphoric acid Starch Starch Vitamin C Calcium Iron Protein Starch Albumin Fat Fiber Gum Starch Sugar Starch Uses Absorbent Antidote Base for suppositories and dermatological Demulcent Dusting Emollient Nutrient Powder and tablet filler Preparation of dextrose, dextrin and glucose Protective Tablet binder Tablet disintegrant
Patatas -
Arrowroot Starch
Maranta arundinaceae
Marantaceae
Rhizomes
Maranta starch
Root
Fabaceae Fabaceae Arecaceae Convolvulaceae Powdery starch from the trunks of sago palms
Sweet Potato Ipomoea batatas Starch 3. Polysaccharides Cellulose Official English Name Cotton Scientific Name Gossypium hirsutum
Family Malvaceae
Synonym Bulak
Occurrence
Uses Carding or combing remove gross impurities or linters Ginning machine process of removing seeds Surgical dressing Mechanical protection to absorb blood, mucus, or pus To prevent bacteria from infecting wounds Textile Source of pure cellulose in manufacture of explosives Uses Adhesive Binder in tablet granulation Demulcent Emollient Emulsifier (low viscosity and good
4. Carbohydrate Derivatives Gums and Mucilages Official English Name Acacia Scientific Name Acacia senegal Family Fabaceae Part Used Dried gummy exudates from the stem and branches Synonym Gum arabic Occurrence Constituent Arabin 12% 25% Contains peroxidase, oxidase, pectinases Major component
arabin Water Yields arabinose, galactose, glucoronic acid, rhamnose Agar Gelidium cartilagineum Gelidiaceae Dried from seaweed extract Japanese isinglas Agar-agar Agaropectin viscosity of solution Agarose strength Cigarose the gel
Gelatin
Dried leaf Dried thallus Dried gummy exudates from the stem and branches
Collagen hydrolysate Denatured collagen Gelatina Gelatine Hydrolyzed collagen protein Hydrolyzed gelatin Marine collagen hydrolysate Common mallow Malvas Carrageen Irish moss Gum tragacanth Goats thorn
A colorless or slightly yellow, transparent, brittle protein formed by boiling the specially prepared skin, bones, and connective tissue of animals
Collagen
Bacteriologic culture Disintegrant Emulsifier Excipient Gel in bacteriologic culture media Gelating agent Laxative Surgical lubricants Suspending agent Gelling agent in foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and photography
Mucilage ash Galactose with sulfate ester Major component basorin Water solution component tragacanthin
Ribbon or flake gum Sorts yellowish brown irregular tears Vermiform worm-like
Demulcent Excipient Emulsifying and suspending agent Cloth Confectionary Demulcent Emollient Emulsifier Preparation of cosmetics Printing Resistant to acid hydrolysis
Malvaceae Ulmaceae
Suspending agent Demulcent Excipient in pill making Demulcent and emollient in poultice to reduce inflammation