SHF Jan09 Pjo Sogreah Evacuateurs 3 English

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009
Evacuateurs de surface
Surface spillways
Pierre JEHANNO SOGREAH/ARTELIA, Grenoble France


Subject of the presentation
Experience on some existing projects, limites of standardized/normalized design, Some elements of design of spillways, presentation of some perculiar solutions.

General remarks on spillways and spillway deisgn

Types of spillways Types of dissipating strutures
Standard conception and their limits

Problems posed by low and medium head spillways problems posed by scourable scale models Problems posed by stilling basins Limits of scale models Limits et promises of mathematical models * Some indications of improved design
(*) to be developed

Energy dissipation
Stilling basins (Jupia /Brsil, Nam Leuk /Laos) concrete apron (Vouglans /France, Orange River /RSA) plunge pool (Kariba /Zimbabwe, Katse/Lesotho) Dissipation on natural bed rock (Song Loulou/Cameroun, El Breck/Tunisie)
Problems posed by spillways (low & medium heads)

heads too low to move away the impact of water sheet
which leads to stilling basins *) et associated problems: high cost, cavitation, drainage, under-pressures, material circulation (erosion), uncertainties on downstream Z(Q) relationship.
(*) if dissipation on natural bed rock is not contemplated

Examples different types of spillways and dissipation structures








Scourable scale models Limits:

When the model is stopped, the movable material fills in partially the plung pool underestimation of scour, Case of broken rock: the equilibrium slope is less than prototype slope,
Reprsentation:
Use of transparent surface (Turwel, Katse), Painted layers at different depths (Katse), Use of cohesive material, in order to represent steep slope after scour (Agoyan)

Some indications/ideas for a improved design

Stilling basins: modified blocks, modified end sill (Sidi Aich/Tunisia, Upper Atbara/ Sudan) Shorter stilling basins with reinforced downnstream protection, Splitters type colonel Robert , Special Teeths and buckets (along the chute or at the end of the spillway), Spilling over a very large width in order to limit specific discharge ( Comoe/Burkina Faso ) Generalisation of impact basin (USBR VI, SAF) for high heads and discharges.

Plung pool: Notion of dissipation rate

project P.K. Leroux Cambambe Maguga Q (m3/s) 13 000 9 500 7 000 q (m3 /m/s) 62 150 35 Head (m) 71 60 85 P/V (Kw /m3 ) # 30 # 56 # 31
Ertan
Xingo Kariba Sidi Saad Katse
23 900
16 000 8710 5400 6040
165
83.5 88.7 50 142
21
22 9 9.3 20

Stilling basins USBR VI: max:14.5 kW/m3
According to P. Mason (*): 10 30 kW:m3 (plunge pool); 60 kW/m3 (impact basins)

Hydraulic jumps: 7 kW/m3 17 kW/m3 (heads: 10 to 50 m), pratically indpendant of specific discharge.
note: Scour depths calculated by classical formulae give a depth very close to jump depths.
(*): A guide to energy dissipaters, HRW, March 2004

Some examples of surface spillways

Stilling basins with dispersion bucket



Advantages: Rduction of 12% stilling basin volume, Scouring 2 time less, Pressure fluctuations reduced by 50%, No more return currents downstream the basins, Certain aeration. Is contemplated if the head is > 4 times the critical head.

Chute equiped with modified splitters: Katse dam (Lesotho)



Q=6080 m3 /s Dam heigth: 185 m head: 160 m Adopted alternative: n3 (scouring reduced by 8 m)
Alternative studied on scale model 2 & 3




USBR III basin modified Er Mel (Tunisia) (Q=1600 m3/s, head: 20 m)

Er Mel dam: baffle Blocks: outlets of drainage
Pressure profil along a change of direction

Renforced stilling basin Mequinenza dam (Spania) (Q=11 000 m3 /s, head: 55 m)


Plunge pool + pre-excavation + dispersion teeths Sficifa dam (Tunisia) (Q= 1200 m3/s, head: 23 m)

Elavation
Partial view from downstream


Side spillway equiped with a aerated bucket and pre-excaved pool
Kouris (Cyprus)
(Q=1600 m3/s, head: 90 m)




Large weir and pre-excaved pool Tucurui dam (Brazil) (Q= 110 000 m3/s, Q25= 52400 m3/s, dam head: 80 m)



Thank you for your attention Questions ?

SHF Jan09 Pjo Sogreah Evacuateurs 3 English

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Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Subject of the presentation

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

General remarks on spillways and spillway deisgn

Standard conception and their limits

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Problems posed by spillways (low & medium heads)

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Examples different types of spillways and dissipation structures

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Scourable scale models Limits:

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Some indications/ideas for a improved design

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Plung pool: Notion of dissipation rate

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Stilling basins USBR VI: max:14.5 kW/m3

According to P. Mason (*): 10 30 kW:m3 (plunge pool); 60 kW/m3 (impact basins)

(*): A guide to energy dissipaters, HRW, March 2004

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Some examples of surface spillways

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Stilling basins with dispersion bucket

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Chute equiped with modified splitters: Katse dam (Lesotho)

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Alternative studied on scale model 2 & 3

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

USBR III basin modified Er Mel (Tunisia) (Q=1600 m3/s, head: 20 m)

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Er Mel dam: baffle Blocks: outlets of drainage

Pressure profil along a change of direction

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Partial view from downstream

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Side spillway equiped with a aerated bucket and pre-excaved pool

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009

Colloque CFBR-SHF Janvier 2009