Hebrew Paradigms

Hebrew Paradigms
for
Elements of Hebrew I and II
(TTOT 603, 604; BHEB 101, 102)
Paradigm 1: The Subject Pronouns................................................................................................ 1
Paradigm 2: The Suffix Conjugation (Perfect) with z......................................................... 1
Paradigm 3: The Suffix Conjugation (Perfect) with :: ........................................................ 1
Paradigm 4: The Prefix Conjugation (Imperfect) with z..................................................... 2
Paradigm 5: The Prefix Conjugation (Imperfect) with :: .................................................... 2
Paradigm 6: The WCI (Waw-Consecutive with Imperfect) with :: ..................................... 2
Paradigm 7: The Noun................................................................................................................... 3
Paradigm 8: Adjective Phrases ...................................................................................................... 3
Paradigm 9: Nouns with Pronoun Suffixes (Possessive)............................................................... 4
Paradigm 10: The Noun :s (Father) ............................................................................................ 5
Paradigm 11: Some Other Irregular Nouns ................................................................................... 5
Paradigm 12: Prepositions with Pronoun Suffixes ........................................................................ 6
Paradigm 13: Independent Object Pronouns.................................................................................. 7
Paradigm 14: Demonstratives and Demonstrative Phrases ........................................................... 7
Paradigm 15: Adjectives and Demonstratives in Sentences.......................................................... 7
Paradigm 16: The Qal (Active and Non-Stative) Participle with z ........................................ 8
Paradigm 17: The Qal (Active and Non-Stative) Participle with :: ........................................ 8
Paradigm 18: The Imperative with z ....................................................................................... 8
Paradigm 19: The Imperative with :: ...................................................................................... 8
Paradigm 20: The Negative Particles............................................................................................. 8
Paradigm 21: The Final He Root, Qal Pattern............................................................................... 9
Paradigm 22: The Verb in the Qal Pattern .......................................................................... 10
Paradigm 23: The Initial Yod Root, Type B, Qal Pattern............................................................ 11
Paradigm 24: The Root , Qal Pattern (Analogous to Initial Yod, Type B)......................... 12
Paradigm 25: The Middle Vav Root, Qal Pattern (::)............................................................. 13
Paradigm 26: The Middle Yod Root, Qal Pattern (:c )............................................................. 14
Paradigm 27: The Initial Aleph Root, Qal Pattern (:s ) .......................................................... 15
Paradigm 28: The Doubled Root, Qal Pattern ......................................................................... 16
Paradigms for Hebrew I & II, page i
Paradigm 29: The Root s:, Qal Pattern................................................................................... 17
Paradigm 30: The Root - . in the Qal........................................................................................ 18
Paradigm 31: The Root in the Qal ..................................................................................... 19
Paradigm 32: The Initial Yod Root, Type B, Hiphil Pattern ( )............................................. 20
Paradigm 33: The Root in the Hiphil Pattern .................................................................... 21
Paradigm 34: The Middle Weak Verb, Hiphil Pattern (::) ..................................................... 22
Paradigm 35: The Initial-Nun Verb in the Hiphil (*..) ............................................................ 23
Chart 1: The Regular Verb, Suffix Conjugation (Perfect) ....................................................... 24
Chart 2: The Regular Verb, Prefix Conjugation (Imperfect) ................................................... 25
Chart 3: The Regular Verb, Imperative ....................................................................................... 26
Chart 4: The Infinitives of the Regular Verb............................................................................... 26
Chart 5: The Participle of the Regular Verb, Qal Pattern............................................................. 27
Chart 6: The Participle of the Derived Patterns............................................................................ 27
Paradigms for Hebrew I & II, page ii
Paradigm 1: The Subject Pronouns
: / :
they (m)
s
he
.
they (f)
s
she
:-s
you (mp)
-s
you (ms)
-s / .-s
you (fp)
-s
you (fs)
..s
we
.s / :.s
I

Paradigm 2: The Suffix Conjugation (Perfect) with z
z
they killed
z
he killed

z
she killed
:- z
you (mp) killed
- z
you (ms) killed
- z you (fp) killed
- z
you (fs) killed
.z
we killed
- z
I killed

Paradigm 3: The Suffix Conjugation (Perfect) with : :
:: they kept :: he kept

::
she kept
:- ::
you (mp) kept
- ::
you (ms) kept
- ::
you (fp) kept
- ::
you (fs) kept
.::
we kept
- ::
I kept

Paradigms for Hebrew I & II, page 1
Paradigm 4: The Prefix Conjugation (Imperfect) with z
z
they (m) will kill
z
he will kill
. z-
they (f) will kill
z-
she will kill
z-
you (mp) will kill
z-
you (ms) will kill
. z-
you (fp) will kill
z-
you (fs) will kill
z.
we will kill
zs
I will kill

Paradigm 5: The Prefix Conjugation (Imperfect) with : :
::
they (m) will keep
(::) ::
he will keep
. ::-
they (f) will keep
::-
she will keep
::-
you (mp) will keep
::-
you (ms) will keep
. ::-
you (fp) will keep
::-
you (fs) will keep
::.
we will keep
::s
I will keep

Paradigm 6: The WCI (Waw-Consecutive with Imperfect) with : :
:: then they (m) kept :: then he kept
.::- then they (f) kept ::- then she kept
::- then you (mp) kept ::- then you (ms) kept
.::- then you (fp) kept ::- then you (fs) kept
::. then we kept ::s then I kept

Paradigm 7: The Noun
Absolute State
::: horses (mp) :: horse (ms)
-:: mares (fp) :: mare (fs)

Construct State
: : horses of (mp) :: horse of (ms)
-:: mares of (fp) -: : mare of (fs)

Paradigm 8: Adjective Phrases
With Nouns Marked Normally for Masculine and Feminine
::z ::: good horses :z :: a good horse
-:z -:: good mares :z :: a good mare
::: ::: the good horses :: :: the good horse
-:: -:: the good mares :: :: the good mare

With Nouns Marked Abnormally for Masculine and Feminine
::: ::.s the good men :: :s the good man
-:: ::. the good women :: :s the good woman
::z -:s good fathers :z :s a good father
-:: -ss the good lands :: s the good land
Note: The fem. pl. women is marked as though masc. pl. in Hebrew: ::. .
The masc. pl. fathers is marked as though fem. pl. in Hebrew: -:s .
The noun for land or country is an unmarked fem.: s .
The adjective in each case will have the expected form.
Paradigm 9: Nouns with Pronoun Suffixes (Possessive)
Masculine Singular Nouns (or Unmarked Feminines)
::: their (m) horse :: his horse
:: their (f) horse :: her horse
:::: your (mp) horse z: : your (ms) horse
::: your (fp) horse :: your (fs) horse
.: : our horse :: my horse

Feminine Singular Nouns
:-:: their (m) mare -: : his mare
-:: their (f) mare -:: her mare
::-:: your (mp) mare z-:: your (ms) mare
:-:: your (fp) mare -:: your (fs) mare
.-:: our mare -:: my mare

Masculine Plural Nouns (or Feminine Nouns Marked Like Masculine Nouns)
::: their (m) horses : : his horses
:: their (f) horses :: her horses
:::: your (mp) horses z: : your (ms) horses
::: your (fp) horses :: your (fs) horses
.:: our horses :: my horses

Feminine Plural Nouns (or Masculine Nouns Marked Like Feminine Nouns)
:-:: their (m) mares - :: his mares
-:: their (f) mares -:: her mares
::-:: your (mp) mares z- :: your (ms) mares
:-:: your (fp) mares -:: your (fs) mares
.- :: our mares - :: my mares

Paradigm 10: The Noun :s (Father)
Note: The nouns s (brother) and e (mouth) follow a similar paradigm.
Absolute and Construct
-:s
fathers
:s
father
-:s
fathers of (construct)
:s
father of (construct)
Singular with Possessive Suffixes
::s their (m) father :s his father
:s their (f) father :s her father
:::s your (mp) father z:s your (ms) father
::s your (fp) father :s your (fs) father
.:s our father :s my father
Plural with Possessive Suffixes
:-:s their (m) fathers - :s his fathers
*
3fp
*
3fs
::-:s your (mp) fathers z-:s your (ms) fathers
*
2fp
*
2fs
.-:s our fathers -:s my fathers
*Unattested for :s , but cf. s (her brothers) and s (your [fs] brothers).
Paradigm 11: Some Other Irregular Nouns
(:.s ) ::.s
men
:s
man
(:. ) ::.
women
( -:s = my wife, -:s ) :s
woman
(-s s) -ss
lands
(ss = my land) s
land, earth
(.: ) :.:
sons
(: ) :
son
(-.: ) -.:
daughters
(-: = my daughter) -:
daughter
(.) :.
cities
.
city
::s
heads
:s
head
-::
names
::
name
Paradigm 12: Prepositions with Pronoun Suffixes
The Preposition (Pattern Like the Singular Noun)
: to them (m) to him
. / to them (f) to her
:: to you (mp) z *to you (ms)
.: **to you (fp) to you (fs)
. to us to me
*In pause, the form coincides with the fs form: . **Occurs only once: Ezekiel 13:18.
The Preposition s
(Pattern Like the Plural Noun)

:s unto them (m) s unto him
s unto them (f) s unto her
::s unto you (mp) zs unto you (ms)
*:s unto you (fp) s unto you (fs)
.s unto us s unto me
*Reconstructed form (but cf. :. , Ezekiel 23:49).
The Preposition :

:: / :: from them (m) .: : *from him
: / .: from them (f) . : : from her
::: from you (mp) z: : from you (ms)
NA
from you (fp) :: from you (fs)
.: : *from us . : : from me
*.: : = either from him or from us
The Preposition :
:: / :: / :: / ::: like them (m) :: like him
: / .: like them (f) :: like her
::: / :::: like you (mp) z:: like you (ms)
NA like you (fp) NA like you (fs)
.:: like us .:: like me
Paradigm 13: Independent Object Pronouns
:-s them (m) -s him
*-s them (f) -s her
::-s you (mp) z- s you (ms)
NA
you (fp) -s you (fs)
.-s us -s me
*-s in Ezek. 16:54; .-s in Exod. 35:26 (cf. Ezek. 34:21); and -s in Ezek. 23:47.
Paradigm 14: Demonstratives and Demonstrative Phrases
Near Demonstratives
s these (c) this (m)
-s this (f)
Far Demonstratives
: / : those (m) s that (m)
. those (f) s that (f)
Demonstrative Phrases
s :::
these horses
::
this horse
: :::
those horses
s ::
that horse
s -::
these mares
-s ::
this mare
. -::
those mares
s ::
that mare

Paradigm 15: Adjectives and Demonstratives in Sentences
::: ::z The horses are good. :: :z The horse is good.
::: s These are the horses. :: This is the horse.
::: : Those are the horses. :: s That is the horse.
-:: -:z The mares are good. :: :z The mare is good.
-:: s These are the mares. :: -s This is the mare.
-:: . Those are the mares. :: s That is the mare.

Paradigm 16: The Qal (Active and Non-Stative) Participle with z
:z ones (m) killing, killers z one (m) killing, a killer
-z ones (f) killing, killers z / -z one (f) killing, a killer

Paradigm 17: The Qal (Active and Non-Stative) Participle with : :
::: ones (m) keeping,
keepers
:: one (m) keeping, a keeper
-:: ones (f) keeping, keepers :: / -:: one (f) keeping, a keeper

Paradigm 18: The Imperative with z
z Kill! (2mp) z / z Kill! (2ms)
z Kill! (2ms, emphatic)
.z Kill! (2fp) z Kill! (2fs)

Paradigm 19: The Imperative with : :
:: Keep! (2mp) :: / :: Keep! (2ms)
:: Keep! (2ms, emphatic)
.:: Keep! (2fp) :: Keep! (2fs)

Paradigm 20: The Negative Particles
s : nouns and participles (..s [3ms or 1cp], ..s , z.s , .s , ..s , :.s , ::.s )
:: :: s : There is no water in the pit. . s : There was no one helping.
:: -. ..s : I am not giving to you.
s: verbs or a verbless predicate: :: s (he will not keep); s :z s (he is not good).
s : volitive verbs: ::-s (do not keep); ::ss (let me not be put to shame).
-: : infinitives: .:::s -: (not to eat from it).
Paradigm 21: The Final He Root, Qal Pattern
The SC (Perfect)
.: they built
.:
he built
-.: she built
:-.: you (mp) built -.: you (ms) built
-.:
you (fp) built
-.: you (fs) built
..: we built -.: I built

The PC (Imperfect)
.: they (m) will build *.: he will build
..:- they (f) will build **.:- she will build
.:- you (mp) will build .:- you (ms) will build
..:-
you (fp) will build
.:- you (fs) will build
.:. we will build .:s I will build
*Jussive : , wci : **Jussive :- , wci :-
The Imperative
.: Build! (2mp)
.:
Build! (2ms)
..: Build! (2fp) .: Build! (2fs)

The Participle
:.: ones building (mp)
.:
one building (ms)
-.: ones building (fp) .: one building (fs)

The Infinitives: Absolute = .: or .: ; Construct = -.: (-.: )
Paradigm 22: The Verb in the Qal Pattern
The SC (Perfect):
they were he was
- she was
:- you (mp) were - you (ms) were
* *you (fp) were - you (fs) were
. we were - I was
*Unattested in the Hebrew Bible.
The PC (Imperfect):
they (m) will be * he will be
.- they (f) will be **- she will be
- you (mp) will be - you (ms) will be
*** ***you (fp) will be - / - you (fs) will be
. we will be s I will be
*Jussive , wci **Jussive - , wci -
***Unattested in the Hebrew Bible.
The Imperative:
/ Be! (2mp) / And be! / Be! (2ms) / And be!
* * (2fp) Be! (2fs)

The Participle:
* * (mp) * * (ms)
* * (fp) one being (fs)
*Unattested in the Hebrew Bible. The fs ptcp. is a h.l. in Exodus 9:3.
The Infinitives: Absolute = / ; Construct = - / - (:-: = when they were)

Paradigm 23: The Initial Yod Root, Type B, Qal Pattern
The SC (Perfect): These forms are regular.
they went down he went down
she went down
:- you (mp) went down - you (ms) went down
-
you (fp) went down - you (fs) went down
. we went down - I went down

The PC (Imperfect): In these forms the root letter yod is elided.
they (m) will go down he will go down
.- they (f) will go down - she will go down
- you (mp) will go down - you (ms) will go down
.-
you (fp) will go down
- you (fs) will go down
. we will go down s I will go down

The Imperative: In these forms the root letter yod is elided.
Go down! (2mp) * Go down! (2ms)
. Go down! (2fp) Go down! (2fs)
*Emphatic imperative =

The Participle: These forms are regular.
: ones going down (mp) one going down (ms)
- ones going down (fp) / - one going down (fs)

The Infinitives: Absolute = ; Construct = - (- ; -: = when I go down)
Paradigm 24: The Root , Qal Pattern (Analogous to Initial Yod, Type B)
The SC (Perfect): These forms are regular.
: they went
he went
: she went
:-: you (mp) went -: you (ms) went
*-:
you (fp) went
-: you (fs) went
.: we went -: I went
The PC (Imperfect): In these forms the root letter yod is elided.
: they (m) will go
*
he will go
.:- they (f) will go *- she will go
:- you (mp) will go - you (ms) will go
**.:- you (fp) will go :- you (fs) will go
. we will go s I will go
*wci , - **Only in Ruth 1:11.
The Imperative: In these forms the root letter yod is elided.
: Go! (2mp)
( ) *
Go! (2ms)
: / .: Go! (2fp**) : Go! (2fs)
*Emphatic imperative = : ; **Only in Ruth 1:8, 12.
:: ones going (mp)
one going (ms)

-: ones going (fp) *: / -: one going (fs)
*Only in Jeremiah 3:6.
The Infinitives: Absolute = ; Construct = -: (-: ; -:: = when he went)
Paradigm 25: The Middle Vav Root, Qal Pattern (::)
The SC (Perfect):
*:: they returned
::
he returned
*:: she returned
:-:: you (mp) returned -:: you (ms) returned
**-::
you (fp) returned
-:: you (fs) returned
.:: we returned -:: I returned
*Note the stressed syllable (marked with atnach) **Unattested in the Hebrew Bible.
The PC (Imperfect):
:: they (m) will return
*::
he will return
**.::- / .::- they (f) will return *::- she will return
::- you (mp) will return ::- you (ms) will return
.::- / .::- you (fp) will return ::- you (fs) will return
::. we will return ::s I will return
*Jussive = :: , ::- wci = :: (wayyob), ::-
**Reconstructed based on other roots and analogy with the 2fp.
The Imperative:
:: Return! (2mp)
*::
Return! (2ms)
**.:: Return! (2fp) :: Return! (2fs)
*Emphatic imperative = :: **Ruth 1:8, 11, 12.
The Participle:
::: ones returning (mp)
::
one returning (ms)
-:: ones returning (fp) *:: one returning (fs)
*Note the stressed syllable (marked with atnach).
The Infinitives: Absolute = ::; Construct = :: (:: ; ::: = when I return)
Paradigm 26: The Middle Yod Root, Qal Pattern (:c )
The SC (Perfect):
:c they put
:c
he put
*:c she put
:-:c you (mp) put - : c you (ms) put
**-:c
you (fp) put
- : c you (fs) put
.:c we put -:c I put
*Note the stressed syllable (marked here with atnach) **Unattested in the Hebrew Bible.
The PC (Imperfect):
:c they (m) will put
*:c
he will put
**.:c- they (f) will put *:c- she will put
:c- you (mp) will put :c- you (ms) will put
**.:c- you (fp) will put :c- you (fs) will put
:c. we will put :cs I will put
*Jussive = :c , :c- wci = :c , :c-
**Reconstructed form, unattested in the Hebrew Bible (but cf. ..- , let them rejoice).
The Imperative:
:c Return! (2mp)
*:c
Put! (2ms)
** ** (2fp) : c Return! (2fs)
*Emphatic imperative = : c **Unattested in the Hebrew Bible.
The Participle:
::c ones returning (mp)
:c
one putting (ms)
-:c ones returning (fp) *:c one putting (fs)
Reconstructed form, unattested in the Hebrew Bible (but cf. -:, female singers).
The Infinitives: Absolute = :c (cf. : , : / :); Construct = :c (:c ; :c = rare;
:c: = when I put); other middle yod infinitive constructs = : (to judge), : (to contend),
-: (to put), : (to sing), . (to burst forth), c (to meditate).
Paradigm 27: The Initial Aleph Root, Qal Pattern (: s )
The SC (Perfect): Here the initial aleph acts like an ordinary guttural.
:s they said
:s
he said
:s she said
:-:s you (mp) said -:s you (ms) said
**-:s
you (fp) said
-:s you (fs) said
.:s we said -:s I said
**Reconstructed from post-biblical Hebrew.
The PC (Imperfect):
:s they (m) will say
*:s
he will say
.:s- they (f) will say *:s- she will say
:s- you (mp) will say :s- you (ms) will say
**
**you (fp) will say :s- you (fs) will say
:s. we will say :s I will say
*wci = : s , :s- **Unattested in the Hebrew Bible.
The Imperative: Here the initial aleph acts like a guttural, but with a chateph-segol.
:s Say! (2mp)
:s
Say! (2ms)
* 2fp :s Say! (2fs)
* Unattested in the Hebrew Bible.
::s ones saying (mp)
:s
one saying (ms)
-:s ones saying (fp) :s / -:s one saying (fs)

The Infinitives: Absolute = :s; Construct = :s / :s (:s ; :s: ).
Paradigm 28: The Doubled Root, Qal Pattern
The SC (Perfect):
*:: / ::: they surrounded ::: he surrounded
*:: / *::: she surrounded
** ** *- :: you (ms) surrounded
** ** ** **
*.:: we surrounded -:: I surrounded
*Form reconstructed from other roots of similar type. **Form unattested in the Hebrew Bible.
The PC (Imperfect):
:: they (m) will surround
:: / ::
he will surround
.::- they (f) will surround *::- / ::- she will surround
::- you (mp) will surround ::- you (ms) will surround
** ** (2fp) *::- / *::- you (fs) will surround
::. we will surround ::s I will surround
*Form reconstructed from other roots of similar type (cf. . - < .; - < ; ::- < :::;
: s < ::). **Form unattested in the Hebrew Bible.
The Imperative:
:: Go around! (2mp) :: Go around! (2ms)
* * (2fp) :: Go around! (2fs)
*Form unattested in the Hebrew Bible.
:::: ones surrounding (mp)
:::
one surrounding (ms)
*-::: ones surrounding (fp) *-::: one surrounding (fs)
*Reconstructed form based on other roots of similar type.
The Infinitives: Absolute = *:: (cf. : < ::); Construct = :: / ::: (:: ; ::: ; :::
= when they multiply, < ::).
Paradigm 29: The Root s:, Qal Pattern
The SC (Perfect):
s: they came
s:
he came
*s: she came
:-s: you (mp) came -s: you (ms) came
** ** -s: you (fs) came
.s: we came -s: I came
*Note the stressed syllable (marked with atnach). **Unattested in biblical Hebrew.
The PC (Imperfect):
s: they (m) will come
s:
he will come
.s:- / .s:- they (f) will come s:- she will come
s:- you (mp) will come s:- you (ms) will come
* * (2fp) s:- you (fs) will come
s:. we will come s:s I will come
**Unattested in the Hebrew Bible.
The Imperative:
s: Come! (2mp)
*s:
Come! (2ms)
** ** (2fp) s: Come! (2fs)
*Emphatic imperative = s: **Unattested in the Hebrew Bible.
The Participle:
:s: ones coming (mp)
s:
one coming (ms)
-s: ones coming (fp) *s: one coming (fs)
The Infinitives: Absolute = s:; Construct = s: (s: ; s:: = when he came)
Paradigm 30: The Root - . in the Qal
The SC (Perfect):
.-. they gave
-.
he gave
.-. she gave
:--. you (mp) gave --. you (ms) gave
* * (2fp) **--. you (fs) gave
.-. we gave --. I gave
*Unattested in biblical Hebrew. **Ezek. 16:33, 36
The PC (Imperfect):
.- they (m) will give
-
he will give
* * (3fp) -- she will give
.-- you (mp) will give -- you (ms) will give
* * (2fp) .-- you (fs) will give
-. we will give -s I will give
*Unattested in biblical Hebrew.
The Imperative:
.- Give! (2mp)
*-
Give! (2ms)
** ** (2fp) .- Give! (2fs)
*Emphatic imperative = .- **Unattested in the Hebrew Bible.
The Participle, Active: These forms are regular.
:.-. ones giving (mp)
-.
one giving (ms)
* * (fp) * * (fs)
The Participle, Passive: These forms are regular.
:.-. ones given (mp)
-.
one given (ms)
-.-. ones given (fp) * * (fs)
The Infinitives: Absolute = -. ; Construct = -- (-- ; --: = when he gives)
Paradigm 31: The Root in the Qal
The SC (Perfect): These forms are essentially regular.
they took he took
she took
:- you (mp) took - you (ms) took
* you (fp) took - you (fs) took
. we took - I took
The PC (Imperfect):
** they (m) will take
he will take
*
*they (f) will take - she will take
**- you (mp) will take - you (ms) will take
* you (fp) will take **- you (fs) will take
. we will take s I will take
*Unattested. **The dagesh is omitted from the when it has only a shewa under it.
The Imperative:
Take! (2mp) * Take! (2ms)
** 2fp Take! (2fs)
*Emphatic imperative = **Unattested in the Hebrew Bible.
The Participle, *Active: These forms are regular except for the furtive patach.
: ones taking (mp)
one taking (ms)

** fp * fs
*The passive participle occurs once in the mp: : (Proverbs 24:11).
**Unattested in the Hebrew Bible.
The Infinitives: Absolute = ; Construct = - (- ; -: = when he took)
Paradigm 32: The Initial Yod Root, Type B, Hiphil Pattern ( )
In all forms the root letter yod becomes cholem-vav ().
The SC (Perfect):

they brought down
he brought down
she brought down
:- you (mp) brought down - you (ms) went down
*- you (fp) brought down - you (fs) went down
. we brought down - I went down
The PC (Imperfect):
they (m) will bring down he will bring down
*.- they (f) will bring down - she will bring down
- you (mp) will bring down - you (ms) will bring down
*.- you (fp) will bring down - you (fs) will bring down
.
we will bring down s I will bring down
*Unattested in biblical Hebrew. Jussive = ; wci = .
The Imperative:
Bring down! (2mp)
Bring down! (2ms)

*. Bring down! (2fp) Bring down! (2fs)
The Participle:
**:: ones bringing down (mp)
:
one bringing down (ms)
*-: ones bringing down (fp) *-: one bringing down (fs)
*Reconstructed on the basis of analogy and post-biblical Hebrew.
**Reconstructed on the basis of other initial-yod roots.
The Infinitives: Abs. = ; Cstr. = ( ; : = when he brings down)
Paradigm 33: The Root in the Hiphil Pattern
In all forms the root letter he becomes cholem-vav ().
The SC (Perfect):
* 3cp he brought

* 3fs
* 2mp * 2ms
* 2fp * 2fs
* 1cp -: I brought
The PC (Imperfect):
: they (m) will bring he will bring
* 3fp * 3fs
* 2mp * 2ms
* 2fp * 2fs
* 1cp s I will bring
*Unattested in biblical Hebrew. Jussive = ; wci = . Wci = s .
The Imperative:
: Bring! (2mp) Bring! (2ms)
* 2fp : Bring! (2fs)
The Participle:
* mp : one bringing (ms)
-:: ones bringing (fp) * fs
The Infinitives: Abs. = unattested ; Cstr. = ( ; : = to bring him)
Paradigm 34: The Middle Weak Verb, Hiphil Pattern (::)
The SC (Perfect):
:: they restored
::
he restored
:: she restored
***:-:: you (mp) restored **-:: you (ms) restored
* 2fp * 2fs
.:: we restored -:: I restored
*Unattested in biblical Hebrew, but see -s: (2 Sam 14:10) and -: (Exod 1:16).
**See also -e. (< ., Exo 20:25). ***See also :-se (< e, Ezek 34:21).
The PC (Imperfect):
:: they (m) will restore
*::
he will restore
**.::- they (f) will restore *::- she will restore
::- you (mp) will restore ::- you (ms) will restore
*** 2fp ::- you (fs) will restore
::. we will restore ::s I will restore
*Jussive = :: , ::- wci = :: , ::-
**See also .s:- (< s: , Lev 7:30; .:- < : , Micah 2:12).
***Unattested, but see .:- (Jer 44:25, an unexpected form).
The Imperative:
:: Restore! (2mp) *:: Restore! (2ms)
** 2fp :: Restore! (2fs)
*Emphatic imperative = :: . **Unattested in biblical Hebrew.
The Participle:
:::: ones restoring (mp)
:::
one restoring (ms)
-::: ones restoring (fp) ::: one restoring (fs)
The Infinitives: Absolute = :: ; Construct = :: (:: ; :: = to restore him)
Paradigm 35: The Initial-Nun Verb in the Hiphil (*..)
*Root is reconstructed, since the nun never actually appears in any form.
The SC (Perfect):
. they told . he told
. she told
*:-. you (mp) told -. you (ms) told
NA 2fp *-. you (fs) told
*.. we told -. I told
*Reconstructed by analogy with other roots (cf. -.. from ..., :-s from s., .s).
The PC (Imperfect):
. they (m) will tell
*.
he will tell
**..- they (f) will tell *.- she will tell
.- you (mp) will tell .- you (ms) will tell
NA (fp) .- you (fs) will tell
.. we will tell .s I will tell
*Jussive = . wci = . , .-
**Reconstructed by analogy (cf. ..:- in Psalm 119:171, root .:.).
The Imperative:
. Tell! (2mp) *. Tell! (2ms)
**..- Tell (2fp) . Tell! (2fs)
*Emphatic imperative = . (more common). **Reconstructed by analogy.
The Participle:
:.: ones restoring (mp)
.:
one telling (ms)
*-.: ones restoring (fp) -.: one telling (fs)
*Reconstructed by analogy (cf. -:: , Ezek. 3:13, root :.).
The Infinitives: Absolute = . ; Construct = . (. , cf. -s : = when he struggled,
root .s, Psalm 60:2 [Heb. numbering, part of the title]).
Chart 1: The Regular Verb, Suffix Conjugation (Perfect)
Hophal Hiphil Hitpael Pual Piel Niphal Qal
z z :- : : z. z
3ms
z z :- : : z. z
3fs
-z -z -:- -: -: -z. -z
2ms
-z -z -:- -: -: -z. -z
2fs
-z -z -:- -: -: -z. -z
1cs
z z :- : : z. z
3cp
:-z :-z :-:- :-: :-: :-z. :-z
2mp
-z -z -:- -: -: -z. -z
2fp
.z .z .:- .: .: .z. .z
1cp
Chart 2: The Regular Verb, Prefix Conjugation (Imperfect)
z
5
z :- : : z z
3ms
z- z- :-- :- :- z- z-
3fs
z- z- :-- :- :- z- z-
2ms
z- z- :-- :- :- z- z-
2fs
zs zs :-s :s :s
1
zs zs
1cs
z z :- : : z z
3mp
.z- .z-
-
.:-- .:- .:-
2
.z- .z-
3fp
z- z- :-- :- :- z- z-
2mp
.z- .z- .:-- .:- .:- .z- .z-
4
2fp
z. z. :-. :. :. z. z.
1cp

1
Also zs .
2
Rarely .z- .
3
Also .:-- .
4
2fp forms are rare. Only 17 instances are attested in the OT for any verb root in any pattern,
including both PC and wci forms (Bible Works for Windows).
5
Jussive z , wci z .
Chart 3: The Regular Verb, Imperative
* z :- * : z z
2ms
* z :- * : z z
2fs
* z :- * : z z
2mp
* .z .:- * .: .z .z
2fp
*Passives by nature are not normally put in the imperative. There are no pual imperatives in the
Hebrew Bible, but there are two hophal imperatives, one in Jeremiah 49:8 and one in Ezekiel
32:19. In these two cases the subject is not expected to actively carry out the command but to
show the result of an action performed against it.

Chart 4: The Infinitives of the Regular Verb
z z :- : : * **z
Infa
z z :- * : z ***z
Infc
* z :- * : z z Infc +
z: z: :-: *:: :: * z: Infc (+ :)
+ suffix
*Not attested in biblical Hebrew.
**The spelling z is also attested frequently.
***The spelling z is also attested frequently.
Only one example found in the Hebrew Bible: -.. (his being afflicted; Psa 132:1).

Chart 5: The Participle of the Regular Verb, Qal Pattern
Qal Passive Qal Active GN
z z
ms
z z / -z
*fs
:z :z
mp
-z -z
fp
*The optional ending with is available for any fs participle but is less common. It is required
with the qal passive participle and with all participles from middle weak roots.

Chart 6: The Participle of the Derived Patterns
Hophal Hiphil Hitpael Pual Piel Niphal GN
**z: z: :-: :: :: z.
ms
-z: -z: -:-: -:: -:: -z.
*fs
:z: :z: ::-: ::: ::: :z.
mp
-z: -z: -:-: -:: -:: -z.
fp
*The optional ending with (e.g., z. ) is available for any fs participle but is less
common. It is required with all participles from middle weak roots.
**Another form is z:.

Hebrew Paradigms

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Hebrew Paradigms

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Hebrew Paradigms

(Pattern Like the Plural Noun)

one going (ms)

one taking (ms)

Bring down! (2ms)

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