Adjustable Speed Induction Motor Drive

Instructed By: - Dr. ChandimaPathirana Name Index No. Group Date of Per : W.S.Srikanth : 080486N : G13 : 22/03/2011

Date of Sub : 05/04/2012

Observation Sheet
Name : W.S.Srikanth Index No. : 080486N Field : EE Group : 13 Date of Per. : 22/03/2012 Instructed by : Dr. ChandimaPathirana

Measurement of Speed Control Characteristics

Vdc (V) Vs (V) Is (A) Ws (W) fs (Hz) Nr (rpm) Vs/ fs (V/Hz)

Speed-Input Potentiometer Setting 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 12 18 22 37 40 54 70 124 218

0 10 18 20 30 36 44 57 104 176

0.10 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.80 0.85 0.95

0 0 10 20 20 20 20 30 60 120

2.50 4.30 6.17 8.00 10.17 13.67 24.83 42.30

67 122 174 228 293 390 720 1257

7.20 4.65 4.86 4.50 4.33 4.17 4.19 4.16

Measurement of Speed Control Characteristics with Voltage Control

Vs (V) 108 120 140 160 164 176 192 Vdc (V) 130 144 166 184 198 234 234 Nr (rpm) 445 450 454 455 456 456 456 Is (A) 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.45 1.5 1.7 Ws (W) 60 80 60 60 80 80 100

Voltage Feedback Potentiometer Setting 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Measurement of Motor Input Waveform

Calculations
Measurement of Speed Control Characteristics

Speed vs Frequency
Frequency (Hz) 2.50 4.30 6.17 8.00 10.17 13.67 24.83 42.30 Speed (rpm) 67 122 174 228 293 390 720 1257

1400

1200

1000

Speed (rpm)

800

600

400

200

0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 frequency (Hz)

Vs/fsvs Frequency
Frequency (Hz) 2.50 4.30 6.17 8.00 10.17 13.67 24.83 42.30 Vs/fs 7.20 4.65 4.86 4.50 4.33 4.17 4.19 4.16

Vs / fs

0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 frequency (Hz)

Motor Currentvs Frequency

Frequency (Hz) 2.50 4.30 6.17 8.00 10.17 13.67 24.83 42.30 Is (A) 0.65 0.70 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.80 0.85 0.95

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6 Is (A)

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 frequency (Hz)

Powervs Frequency
Frequency (Hz) 2.50 4.30 6.17 8.00 10.17 13.67 24.83 42.30 Power (W) 10 20 20 20 20 30 60 120

140

120

100

80 Power (W) 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 frequency (Hz)

Measurement of Speed Control Characteristics with Voltage Control

Speed vs Inverter Output Voltage

Voltage (Vs) 108 120 140 160 164 176 192 Speed (rpm) 445 450 454 455 456 456 456

458

456

454

speed (rpm)

452

450

448

446

444 100 110 120 130 140 150 Voltage (V) 160 170 180 190 200

Motor Currentvs Inverter Output Voltage

Voltage (Vs) 108 120 140 160 164 176 192 Is (A) 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.45 1.5 1.7

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1 Is (A) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 100 110 120 130 140 150 Voltage (V) 160 170 180 190 200

Powervs Inverter Output Voltage

Voltage (Vs) 108 120 140 160 164 176 192 Power (W) 60 80 60 60 80 80 100

120

100

80

Power (W)

60

40

20

0 100 110 120 130 140 150 Voltage (V) 160 170 180 190 200

Discussion
Motive for keeping V/f constant with adjustable speed drives If we change Vs or f it should be done to keep ratio constant at .Any reduction in the supply frequency fs keeping the supply voltage constant causes the increase of air-gap flux m. Therefore, variable frequency control below rated frequency is generally carried out at rated air gap flux by varying supply voltage with frequency so as to maintain V/fs ratio constant at the rated value. Maintain a constant volts/Hz relationship is ideal from a motor standpoint permits operation of the motor at rated torque from near standstill to rated speed Reasons for, V is not increased with f for speeds above the rated speed and the effect to the motor. Many inverters are designed for direct connection to the mains supply,without a transformer, and as a result the maximum inverter outputvoltage is limited to a value similar to that of the mains. Since the inverter will normally be used to supply a standardinduction motor designed for 220 V, 50 Hz operation, it isobvious that when the inverter is set to deliver 50 Hz, the voltage shouldbe 220 V, which is within the inverters voltage range. But when thefrequency was raised to say 100 Hz, the voltage should ideally beincreased to 440 V in order to obtain full flux. The inverter cannotsupply voltages above 220 V, and it follows that in this case full fluxcan only be maintained up to speeds a little above rated speed. And also it shouldbe noted that even if the inverter could provide higher voltages, theycould not be applied to a standard motor because the winding insulationwill have been designed to withstand not more than the rated voltage. Comparison of the degree of speed controllability with frequency control and voltage control According the speed vs frequency graph, small change in frequency causes alarge change in speed. But in the speed vs inverter output voltage graph, only small change in speed can be observed. Therefore degree of controllability with frequency control is higher than voltage control. Comments on the motor voltage and current waveform Voltage waveform of the input to the motor is a 40Hz AC wave form (not sinusoidal) signal and it is generated by a six step voltage source inverter which can apply a constant voltage upon a specific period of time which accounts for the constant torque speed controlling and change the frequency by adjusting the potentiometer at the inverter. Current waveform is also a 40-Hz frequency waveform but it is highly distorted compared to the voltage waveform. And there is a phase shift between the

two waveforms. The total harmonic distortion of the current waveform is higher than that of the voltage waveform. Salient features of control circuit and reasons for the use of different potentiometers The speed-input signal in the converter control loop after removing its sharp edges, noise, spikes etc. in the slow-up/slow-down circuit, is compared with the dc-link voltage feed back and the resulting signal is again compared with the dc-link current feed back signal. This current control loop is incorperated for stability reasons, and for protection purposes; for example to clamp the maximum current at some predetermined value. The resulting signal, after varifying for its range at the compensation circuit, is sent to the comparator circuit where its compared with six saw-tooth waveforms each having 600 phase difference, to generate six-converter drive signals. Sawtooth wave forms are generated from six sine wave signals, deduced from the supply, using a sine to sawtooth converter circuit. The gate signals are then applied to the converter through pulse transformers in the gate drive circuits. The dc link voltage in thus proportional to the speed-input signal. The two potentiometers VR1 and VR2 on the slow-up/slow-down circuits are used to adjust the rate of change of speed input signal. Potentiometers VR1 and VR3 of the N-I error amplfier are used to adjust the voltage and current feed back ratios respectively. VR2 and VR4 to adjust the control signal transient and VR5 to adjust fial signal range. Since the voltage feed back potentiometer affect the converrter section only it can be used to change Vdc without affecting fs.