SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COIMBATORE - 107

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

LESSON PLAN SUBJECT CLASS FACULTY : COMMUNICATION SWITCHING TECHNIQUES : III YEAR (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) VI SEM BATCH 2010 : SHANTHI. S
TEACHING AID DATE AND PERIOD REASON FOR DEVIATION (if any)

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UNIT I COMPONENTS AND PRINCIPLES Introduction to switching system - Evolution of telecommunications - Classification of switching systems - A telecommunication Network - Electrical communication system - Optical communication system Block diagram of switching system - Simple telephone communication - Basics of a switching system - Manual switching system - Major telecommunication network Strowger Switching with design examples - Rotary dial telephone Signaling Tones - Dial tone - Ringing tone - Busy tone - Number unobtainable tone

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Signaling Tones - Call in progress tone - Strowger switching components - Step by step switching
Design parameters - 100 line switching system - 1000 line switching system Design parameters - 10000 line switching system

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Cross bar Switching - Principles of common control - Touch tone dial telephone - Design considerations Principles of Cross bar Switching - Configurations - Technology - Crossbar exchange organization
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UNIT II SPACE DIVISION AND TIME DIVISION SWITCHING Stored program control - Electromechanical switching - Electronic switching Centralized SPC - Organization - Structure - Configuration Distributed SPC
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- Level 3 processing - Level 2 processing - Level 1 processing - Two stage networks - Three stage networks - n stage networks Basic Time division space switching - Structure - Input controlled - Output controlled Basic Time division time switching - Structure - Phased operation - Slotted operation Basic Time division time switching - A sample list - Location 7 allocated - Location 11 freed
Time multiplexed space switching - Structure - Control memory - Multiplexing - Demultiplexing - Time slot interchange switch - Asynchronous read write operations Time multiplexed time switching - Parallel in /serial out configuration - Example Combination switching - Three stage Combination switching - n stage Combination switching Tutorial

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UNIT III TRAFFIC ENGINEERING

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Network traffic load and parameters - Traffic patterns - Parameters - Example Grade of service and blocking probability - GOS formula - Call congestion - Delay probability Modeling switching systems - Random process - Random variables - Markov processes Modeling switching systems - Birth death processes Incoming traffic and service time characterization - Renewal processes - Example - Relationship among different Markov processes Blocking models and loss estimates - Lost call cleared system with infinite sources Blocking models and loss estimates - Lost calls cleared with finite subscribers

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Blocking models and loss estimates - Lost calls returned system - Lost calls held system Delay models and queue analysis - Elements of a queuing system - Random variables in queuing system
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UNIT IV DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER ACCESS Integrated services digital network - Motivation for ISDN - New services - Network and protocol architecture - Transmission channels Integrated services digital network - User network interfaces - Signaling - Numbering and addressing Integrated services digital network - Internetworking - Broadband ISDN
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High data rate digital subscriber loops - Technologies & characteristics - DSL limitations High data rate digital subscriber loops - Performance - Maximum line speed Digital loop carrier systems - Simplified block diagram - COT main - COT extn Digital loop carrier systems - DLC in telecom working - Features Fiber in the loop - FITL technologies - DLC and PON systems - Future trends Voice band modems - Analog implementations - Technology and market

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UNIT V CELLULAR WIRELESS NETWORKS

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Principles of cellular networks - Mobile radio environment - Limitations of Wireless - Early Mobile Telephone - Services
Advent of Cellular Systems - Cellular Networks - Principles of Cellular Networks

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Cellular Network Organization Shape of Cells Cellular Geometries Frequency Reuse - Objective - Power of base transceiver controlled - Example - Characterizing Frequency - Reuse Frequency Reuse Patterns - Frequency Reuse Concept - Ideal Cells Formation - Real Cell Formation - Fictitious Cells Formation - Cellular Coverage Representation Cellular geometry - Increasing Capacity - Cell Splitting Operation of Cellular Systems - Overview of Cellular System - Channels - Typical Call in - Single MTSO Area - Call Stages - Other Functions Mobile Radio Propagation Effects - Fading - Multipath Propagation - Reflection, Diffraction, - Scattering - Effects of Multipath - Propagation - Types of Fading Handoff (or) Handover - Types of Handoff - Hard Handoff - Handover types in GSM

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Soft Handoff Handoff Performance Metrics Handoff Strategies Used to Determine Instant of Handoff - Power Control - Traffic Engineering Channel assignment strategies - Fixed - Dynamic - Fixed Channel Allocation - Simple Borrowing (CB) Schemes - Impact of Channel Borrowing in Sectored Cell-based Wireless System - Dynamic Channel Allocation (DCA) - Centralized DCA - Distributed DCA Schemes - Comparison between FCA and DCA - Comparison between FCA and DCA - Other Channel Allocation Schemes Cordless systems - What is cordless system? - History of cordless system. - Frequencies - Performance - Wireless phone handsets - Types of cordless system

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Wireless local loop - What is WLL? - Differences with mobile cellular

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- Why WLL? - System Analysis examples - The future of WLL Wireless application protocol - What is WAP? - WAP Architecture

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WAE (WML/WMLScript) WTA Framework WAP Push Services WAP Protocol Stack Hype v/s Reality

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BLUE TOOTH - Overview - Radio specification - Base band specification - Link manager specification - Logical link control and adaptation protocol Additional Topics Additional Topics Additional Topics Additional Topics Additional Topics

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TEXT BOOKS: T1. Viswanathan.T., Telecommunication Switching System and Networks, Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 2004.

T2.

William Stallings, Wireless Communication and Networks, second edition, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2004.

REFERENCE BOOKS: R1. Frenzel, Communication Electronics Principles and Applications, Tata Mc-Graw Publishing Co. Ltd., Third Edition, New Delhi, 2009 R2. R3. R4. John. C. Bellamy, Digital Telephony, John Wiley & Sons, Singapore, 2000. Behrouz Forouzan, Introduction to Data Communication and Networking, Tata McGraw Hill, New York,1996. Marion Cole, Introduction to Telecommunications Voice, Data & the Internet, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2002.

FACULTY

HOD