Technical Textile Yarns

Basic information about Technical Textile fibers by Dr. Muhammad Mushtaq Mangat www.mushtaqmangat.org Dec 3, 2012

Hand Spinning
One of the early inventions of human

Lecture Contents
Yarn
Introduction of different

Fabric
Discussion about weaving

spinning techniques
Yarn parameters

styles and techniques

Technical Textile Yarns

A brief description of Technical Textile yarns used for

the production of Technical Textiles

Technical Textile Yarns

Basic raw material for Technical Textiles Production method:
Special techniques for yarn manufacturing Blending of different fibers

Spinning
Ring spinning invented in 1830s in USA, widely used

[1]

Wool Spinning [1]

Rotor Spinning [1]

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=rotor+spinning +machine&go=&qs=n&form=QBIR&pq=rotor+spinning +machine&sc=0-16&sp=-1&sk=#x0y3847

Friction Spinning
Kind of open open end spinning technique Friction rolls are used instead of rotor Friction rolls collect the opened-up fibres and twist

them into the yarn [1]

Friction Spinning [1]

ttp://www.bing.com/images/ earch?q=friction+spinning machine&view=detail&id=FC D51FC4C525E2DBCCF6DD62 53BEC2C96B0377A&FORM= DFRIR

Wrap Spinning
In wrap spinning, twist less staple fibers are warped by

a continuous binder
Hollow spindle machine is used for this purpose First introduced in 1979 ITMA Hollow spindle rotates and bobbin wraps the binder

strap [1]

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=wrap +spinning&view=detail&id=CE071B28342358A6430E2A19 77E051228B1835E1&first=31&FORM=IDFRIR

Fancy yarn made by using wrap spinning

http://www.indiantextilejournal.com/articles/FAdetails.asp?

Wrap Spinning [1]

Air Jet Spinning

Invented by Du Pont in 1963, commercially available in

1980
One jet by Du Pont but two jets by Murata, more yarn

strength

Air Jet Spinning [1]

Twist Less Spinning

Filaments are bonded together with the help of any

adhesive
Adhesive is removed after making the fabric Used for special purposes, not very common [1]

Twist Less Spinning [1]

Vortex Spinning
Vortex is a region with in a fluid, where fluid is in spinning position around an imaginary axes e.g. hurricanes, tornado

Vortex Spinning
A new kind of spinning, wrapped by other fibers where tip of the fibers is focused towards center, with Fibers are strongly held and the help of compressed air no slippage is possible A unique yarn is produced Minimum hairiness

Each fiber is spun toward the [http://www.muratecvortex.com/1_1.html] center of the yarn and

VORTEX

Ply Yarn

Two or more than two similar or distinctive yarns yarns are used to produce ply yarn This is done to achieve special properties Very old and common technique It increases the strength and modulus Regular, smoother and hard weaving is possible from ply yarns Some special yarns are produced having low stretch and high strength (yarn for tire)

Types of Technical Textiles

[1]

[2]

Few Technical Textile Yarns

http://www.kolonindustries.com/Eng/down/akilen.pdf

http://www.kolonindustries.com/Eng/down/akilen.pdf

http://www.kolonindustries.com/Eng/down/akilen.pdf

[1]

[1]

Technical Fabric Structures: Woven Fabrics

Technical Textiles have substantial surface area with respect to thickness Strong cohesion for better functioning and mechanical strength. Mostly woven but knitting, felting, felting, lace making, net making, nonwoven processes and tufting processes are also used Commonly two-dimensional but three-dimensional woven fabrics are also available Two sets are used in plain weaving In triaxial and in three-dimensional fabrics yarns are arranged differently [3].

Technical Textile Fabric Parameters

End use requirements of Technical Textile: Strength, thickness, extensibility, porosity and

durability, functionality, required thermal properties and chemical properties

Types of Weaving
Long list of types of weave, but most common are three

basic methods:

Plain Twill Satin

We can have many more types by making changing in these weaves.

Images of weaves

Plain weave [3]

[Visual dictionary]

[http://www.weavingideas.net/us/ applications-products/woven-wirecloth-general/terminolgy/types-ofweave.html]

Triaxial Weave
Two sets of warp are

inserted at 60 to the weft

[K2 Triaxial braiding machine]

[4]

[4]

Tetra-axial Weave
Tetra-axial fabrics where four sets of yarns are inclined

at 45 to each other [3]

[4]

[4]

[4]

Summary
There are a number of methods for spinning Types of weaving is countless Selection depends upon the final parameters

References

[1] Gong, R.G., and Chen, X., Technical yarns, in Handbook of Technical Textiles A.R. Horrocks, Anand, S. C., Editor 2000, Woodhead Publishing Ltd Cambridge. [2] Sezgin, H., Bahadir, S., Boke, Y. E., Kalaoglu, F. , EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONDUCTIVE YARNS ON HEATING BEHAVIOUR OF FABRICS, in RMUTP International Conference: Textiles & Fashion 20122012: Bangkok Thailand. [3] Sondhelm, W.S., Technical fabric structures 1.Woven fabrics, in Handbook of Technical Textiles A.R. Horrocks, Anand, S. C., Editor 2000, Woodhead Publishing Ltd Cambridge. [4] Badawi, S.S., Development of the Weaving Machine and 3D Woven Spacer Fabric Structures for Lightweight Composites Materials, in Von der Fakultt Maschinenwesen2007, Technischen Universitt Dresden.