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11.5 Group 6
PREFACE
Alhamdulillah gratitude for the blessings and mercy of Allah SWT so in the end I can accomplish the task of Physics about the making of this paper well and on time. I also say a big thank you to all those who have helped me so that this task can be resolved properly and smoothly without any significant obstruction. In this paper I lifted the title of the Bernoulli principle In making this paper are of course still many shortcomings. Therefore, I expect criticism and suggestions from readers for the development of this paper. Hopefully what I have presented can be useful to readers and can be used as a reference for the development works better.
Bernoullis Principle
11.5 Group 6
CONTENTS
PREFACE .................................................................................................. 1 CONTENTS............................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 3 About Daniel Bernoulli ......................................................................... 3 A. Bernoullis principle ........................................................................ 4 B. Bernoullis Formula ......................................................................... 5 C. Aplication of Bernoullis Principle ................................................... 6 D. EXAMPLES ....................................................................................... 8 CONCLUTION .......................................................................................... 9 REFERENCE............................................................................................ 10
Bernoullis Principle
11.5 Group 6
Bernoullis Principle
11.5 Group 6
CONTENTS
A. Bernoullis principle
In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that for an inviscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. Bernoulli's principle is named after the Swiss scientist Daniel Bernoulli who published his principle in his book Hydrodynamica in 1738. Bernoulli's principle can be applied to various types of fluid flow, resulting in what is loosely denoted as Bernoulli's equation. In fact, there are different forms of the Bernoulli equation for different types of flow. The simple form of Bernoulli's principle is valid for incompressible flows (e.g. most liquid flows) and also for compressible flows (e.g. gases) moving at low Mach numbers. More advanced forms may in some cases be applied to compressible flows at higher Mach numbers (see the derivations of the Bernoulli equation).
Bernoulli's principle can be derived from the principle of conservation of energy. This states that, in a steady flow, the sum of all forms of mechanical energy in a fluid along a streamline is the same at all points on that streamline. This requires that the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy remain constant. Thus an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs proportionately with an increase in both its dynamic pressure and kinetic energy, and a decrease in its static pressure and potential energy. If the fluid is flowing out of a reservoir, the sum of all forms of energy is the same on all streamlines because in a reservoir the energy per unit volume (the sum of pressure and gravitational potential g h) is the same everywhere.
Group 6 | Bernoullis Principle 4
Bernoullis Principle
11.5 Group 6
Bernoulli's principle can also be derived directly from Newton's 2nd law. If a small volume of fluid is flowing horizontally from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure, then there is more pressure behind than in front. This gives a net force on the volume, accelerating it along the streamline. Fluid particles are subject only to pressure and their own weight. If a fluid is flowing horizontally and along a section of a streamline, where the speed increases it can only be because the fluid on that section has moved from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure; and if its speed decreases, it can only be because it has moved from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. Consequently, within a fluid flowing horizontally, the highest speed occurs where the pressure is lowest, and the lowest speed occurs where the pressure is highest.
B. Bernoullis Formula
Bernoullis Principle
11.5 Group 6
Bernoullis Principle
11.5 Group 6
2 . The Pitot tube and static port on an aircraft are used to determine the airspeed of the aircraft. These two devices are connected to the airspeed indicator which determines the dynamic pressure of the airflow past the aircraft. Dynamic pressure is the difference between stagnation pressure and static pressure . Bernoulli's principle is used to calibrate the airspeed indicator so that it displays the indicated airspeed appropriate to the dynamic pressure.
3. Airflight Bernoullis Principle is what allows birds and planes to fly. The secret behind flight is under the wings. The air on top of the wing must travel a longer distance than the air below the wing. But, air on both sides must reach the end of the wing at the same time. Therefore, the air on top of the wing traveling faster = less air pressure.
Bernoullis Principle
11.5 Group 6
D. EXAMPLES
Water circulates throughout a house in a hot-water heating system. If water is pumped out at a speed of 0.50 m/s through a 4.0 cm diameter pipe in the basement under a pressure of 3.0 atm, what will be the flow speed and pressure in a 2.6 cm diameter pipe on the second floor 5.0 m above? Assume pipes do not divide into branches. Known : v1 = 0.50 m/s d1 = 4.0 cm r1 = 2.0 cm P1 = 3.0 atm Ask : v2 ? P2? d2 = 2.6 cm h2 = 5.0 m
Answer : First calculate the flow speed on the second floor, calling it v2, using the equation of continuity. We can call the basement point 1. v2 = (v1A1) / (A2) = (v1(r1)2) / ((r2)2) = (0.50 m/s)(0.020 m)2 / (0.013 m)2 = 1.2 m/s To find pressure, we use Bernoullis equation: P2 = P1 + g(h2 h1) + ((v2)2 (v1)2) P2 = (3x105) + (1x103)(10)(5-0) + (1x103)[(1.2)2-(0.50)2] P2 = (3x105) + (5x104) + 595 P2 = 3.5x105 N/m2
Bernoullis Principle
11.5 Group 6
CONCLUTION
BERNOULLIS PRINCIPLE : as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by that fluid decreases
Bernoullis Principle
11.5 Group 6
REFERENCE
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