Felix Zaragoza 11-5-12 Period 6 Ionic vs.

Covalent Bonding Lab Investigation Introduction: Most atoms are never found by themselves; instead they are bonded to other atoms in ioni c or covalent bonds. This is because the atoms have to be stable by having a full shell. This mean s that the valence electrons are either being shared if its a covalent bond forming a molecule or tr ansferring if its an ionic bond forming a crystal that conducts electricity when dissolved in water. This bond also makes one ion a cation or positive ion and the other an anion or negative ion. Th e electrons are held by electrostatic attraction. Hypothesis: Table 1: The expected results of testing different compounds
Compounds to be tested Distilled Water Sodium chloride Sucrose (sugar) Dextrose Sodium sulfate Chemical Formul a H2O NaCl C12H22O11 C6H12O6 NaSO4 Hypothesis 1: ionic or covalent Covalent Ionic Covalent Covalent Ionic Hypothesis 2: hig h or low melting point High Low High High Low Hypothesis3: will it conduct electri city? No Yes No No Yes

Procedure: PART I. Melting Point and Strength of Bonds 1. Fold aluminum into squares place compounds spritely in the square. 2. Place the square on the ring and heat the burner (1-2mins)

3. Record observations when the compounds are expose to heat 4. Allow foil to cool and wash in the sink

Felix Zaragoza 11-5-12 Period 6

PART II. Electrical Conductivity 1. Test dry compounds with the tester (did it conduct electricity) 2. Add water to the compounds 3. Test the compounds again 4. Repeat for all sample Results Table 2 : The expected results of testing 5 different chemicals
Name/ Chemical For mula PART I : Melting Point (1-5; High Med or Lo w ?) PART II CONDUCTED ELECT RICITY? (Yes/No) Dry Distilled (pure) water / H2O sodium chloride/ NaC l Sucrose (sugar)/ C12 H22O11 Dextrose/ C6H12O6 Sodium sulfate/ NaSO
4

FINAL CONCLUSION: Ionic or Covalent Bonds?

Dissolved N/A Yes No No Yes Covalent Ionic Covalent Covalent Ionic

1 5 4 2 3

N/A No No No No

Conclusion

After this laboratory it has been concluded that sodium-sulfate and, sodium-chloride were ionic compounds, while sucrose and, dextrose were covalent compounds. All of the initial comp ounds were correct except when ionic compounds would not conduct electricity when dry. For th e results the ionic compounds were those that have conducted electricity only when dissolve in w ater and, have a high melting point. However, covalent compounds have a weak melting point an d, don't conduct electricity because the bond is made of non-metals. Ionic bonds are formed form cations and, anions, so when the ion is dissolve in water the ions flow through the water making it a substance a conductor. Additionally ionic compounds are strong since the atoms help each ot her become stable,which, is where the formation of cations and, anions come from. Electrostatic

Felix Zaragoza 11-5-12 Period 6 attraction keeps the bond stable and, together.