Brittany Amerson Chem 105-38 Experiment # 5: Acids and Bases: Properties and Reactions Results and Discussion Starting

off with Part B: Reaction with Indicators I collected 1 mL of four acids (1 M HCl, , 1 M NaOH and 1 M ) and put them into 4 separate test tubes. I then places 8 drops of 1 M HCl and into two separate smaller test tubes, I tested both of these acids with red and blue litmus paper and added 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator into the tubes. I repeated this process with 1 M NaOH and 1 M . The blue litmus paper turned red when 1 M HCl and was added, and the red litmus paper turned blue when 1 M NaOH and 1 M was added. For the Neutralization of Acids with a Base I put 3 mL of four acids (0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M , 0.1 M , and 0.5 M NaOH) into four separate test tubes, I then put 40 drops of HCl into a smaller test tube, tested with red and blue litmus paper, added 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator, and then drop by drop added the NaOH until a color change was produced. I repeated this process with the other two acids. All of the acids in this part of the lab turned a fluorescent pink after 6 drops of NaOH were added to 0.1 HCl and 0.1 M and 10 drops to 0.1 M The reactions in this part of the lab are as follows: , . In this reaction the nitric acid is an oxidizing acid and it also becomes reduced. The HCl becomes oxidized. This reaction is an acid base reaction. For Part C: Reactions with sodium oxalate and sodium bicarbonate I put 1 mL of three acids (0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M and 0.1 into three separate test tubes. I then put a small piece of sodium bicarbonate and sodium oxalate into two separate evaporating dishes, then drop by drop I added into the dishes and noted any bubbles. I repeated this process with the other acids. Both sodium oxalate and sodium bicarbonate started to bubble after 0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M and 0.1 were added. The reactions in this section are as follows: In this reaction the becomes reduced while the HCl is oxidized. , this reaction is an acid base reaction. In this reaction the becomes reduced and the becomes oxidized. , and in this reaction is reduced and is also the oxidizing agent causing sodium bicarbonate to be oxidized, and and in this reaction the is reduced while the sodium bicarbonate is oxidized. For the

Reactions with NaI and NaCl I put 0.5 mL of two acids (6 M and 18 M into two separate small test tubes. I then put two small pieces of NaI and NaCl into two separate evaporating dishes, moistened two pieces of red and blue litmus paper and put one of each color onto two watch glasses. I placed the watch glasses over the evaporating dishes, and drop by drop added 6 M and observed the reaction. I repeated this process with 18 M . When 6 M and 18 M are added to NaI a foul odor was produced, the blue litmus paper turns red, but when the 18 M is added the NaI turns a burnt orange color, and when they react with NaCl no noticible smell is produced, but with the 18 M the NaCl bubbles and foams. The reactions in this section of the lab are as follows: and and in this reaction sulfuric acid is the oxidizing agent and it also becomes reduced while the NaI is oxidized. For Part D: Reactions with Solid Metal Samples I placed one mL of 6 M HCl into three separate small test tubes, I added a small piece of Zn, Mg, and Cu into each of the tubes. I then observed the reactions. I repeated this process but replaced HCl with 6 M . When the acids react with Mg the test tube was hot to the touch, both emit gas, and bubbles were produced, when the acids reacted with Zn both look fizzy and slightly bubbly but there was no observed reaction when the acids were mixed with Cu. For the Dependence of Acid Concentration on Reaction Rates I placed 1 mL of three acids (6 M HCl, 1 M HCl and 0.1 HCl) into three separate small test tubes. I then added a 1 cm strip of Mg into each of the tubes, and observed the reaction and how long it took for the reaction to finish. All the acids in this section reacted with the Mg by bubbling, however the higher the concentration the more violently the bubbling occurred. The reactions in this section of the lab are as follows: and in this reaction the is reduced while the Mg is oxidized. and in this reaction the is reduced while the Zn is oxidized. , and in this reaction Mg is reduced while HCl is oxidized. , and in this reaction Zn in reduced while HCl is oxidized. The concentration of the reactants involved in a reaction has a significant effect on the duration of the reaction. If the concentration of the acid is significantly higher than that of the base in the reaction, the reaction is going to be a lot faster than what the reaction would be if the concentration of the base were significantly higher than that of the acid.

In this lab multiple acids and bases were used. and HCl are acids and are also oxidizing agents. I believe this is true because during reactions involving these acids lose electrons, which means they are oxidizing agents. NaOH, sodium bicarbonate, sodium oxalate, NaI and NaCl are bases. I believe these to be bases because they reacted with acids in acid/ base reactions. is a weak acid that is also an oxidizing agent, for the same reasons listed above. is an acid, but not an oxidizing agent. Mg, Zn, and Cu are neither acids nor bases, just metals. The extent to which the anion of the acid and the cation of the base participate a fair amount in the reactions as if they did not participate actively, there would be no reaction to watch. Usually for the reactions both the acid and the base reacted well with each other, producing a noticeable change.