-60mV

1
1 ()
2

2.
1)
Plasticity (LTP, LTD)

2)

3)

1.

3.a.
b.
4:a.

Broca -

Wernicke -

b.
5

Understand the cellular, molecular and structural development of the central nervous system
prenatally*****.solved

Understand the interaction of genetic, environmental and experiential factors in the formation of
connections and pruning as the brain matures*****.solved

Understand the definition of critical period and may give an example for it.*****solved

Be familiar with the progression of cognitive, social and personal development through childhood***.
unsolved

The mainly symptom, sign, pathology and treatment of FAS ***(solved)

1. ADHD
75%

2. ODD
5-15%

3.

FAS

4.

MR IQ<7018

9
Understand the cellular, molecular and structural development of the central nervous system prenatally*****
1

a.
b.

2
a.
b.

3
a. b.

c. Radial migration

4
growth cone

3
Understand the definition of critical period and may give an example for it.*****

ocular dominance columns: , ,

: , ,
Understand the interaction of genetic, environmental and experiential factors in the formation of
connections and pruning as the brain matures*****.

a.b.
IGF-1 c.
d. e.

At what age is our gender-identity determined? (Fetal?)

At what age is our sexual orientation determined? (Fetal?)

Can one change ones sexual orientation? (No)

Why are boys more aggressive than girls? Give 2 factors. ( Testrone level and brain structure?)

1.
2.

3.

/
-
/ADHD
4. ()
/
&&&

What is functional teratology? Not found in PPTs

Give 5 compounds with such an effect. (Alcohol, cocaine, nicotine, epilim, anticonvulsant
medication etc.)

// 2-

Mention 5 defferent forms of dementia (AD, PD, vascular dementia.how about Downs ?)

What are the 2 characteristic lesions of Alzheimers disease? (Cortical vulnerability and
cerebrovascular amyloid are mentioned)

1. AD
1 I II

2
3

Placebo effect&

nocebo effect

EPSP, IPSP

SNARE complex,

1.

Type I :

2.

20nm

Type II:

PSD

3.

4.

GlutamateAspartater- GABAGlycine


NO\CO\

5.

6.

NMJ

EPP
MEPP EPP

7.

The SNARE Complex

1
V-SNARE (vesicle SNARE)synaptobrevin ()
T-SNARE (Tissue-SNARE) Syntaxin
SNAP25 NSF
synaptotagmin

Clathrin Dynamin GTP

kiss-and-staykiss-and-run

Kiss and stay : A pathway in which vesicles endocytose by closure of the fusion pore and are refilled with
neurotransmitters while remaining docked to the active zone

kiss and run Clathrin

dockingpriming
fusion SNARE

1.Tetanus toxin
synaptobrevin
2.botulinum toxin( SNAREs
3.Latrodectus mactans() NMJ

1
G

2.
1
4-5

2G
G G

3.
G G G

GABA

4. nAChRs (nicotinic acetylcholine receptors)

mAChRS (muscarinic receptors G

5.
1 EAA
2 G EAA

LTP: long term potentiation

Excitotoxicity and Neurotoxicity Ca2+

7.GABA
8.
A-bungarotoxin() nAChRs
Conotoxin nAChRs Na Ca

arecoline () nAChRs
Alcohol GABAA

1.EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential, )

2.IPSP (Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential)(K+)

(Cl-)

1.
//
2.HPA HPT HPG

2.

3.HPA
HPA

5-HT

1.

tyrosine

DOPA

(SN)(VTA)

2. dopamine

norephrine

locus coerulus


3.

Medullary epinephrine neurons

4.5HT

5-HT

raphe nuclei

5.

tuberomammillary nucleus of hypothalamus

1.
Chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive use despite harmful consequences.

2.(Substance Abuse)
The overindulgence in a drug or other chemical leading to effects that
are detrimental to the individuals physical and mental health, or the welfare of others.
3.ubstance Dependence
4.
SD SA
SA SD
SD SA
SD SA

1.
Primary Emotion

2.Secondary (empathic) Emotion

3.
the Limbic System
&VmPFC

4.
1Dysthymia ():
2Cyclothymia (): bipolar disorder .
3Hyperthymia ():
5.

HPA --

6.A+ 4 of B (>=2 weeks)

A:()

B:&

7/A+B>= 1 week
A
B:

8. 1Bipolar I: /
2Bipolar II:
3 Cyclothymia:

4Bipolar NOS -Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified):

9. HPA

&

---

DA 5-HT GABA

1.

orldwide 1% affected
2.


1.sensation
2.perception
3.
illusion
4.hallucination

1.---
2.(;;;;)
1000 ;

3.

1.;

,,

2.---

3.
MGN
LGN

1.
2.DA5-HT GABA
3.

60 DA

DA

-1

1.
2. : 1)
2)
3)
4) 70%
5)

1.
striatumglobus pallidusSTN
substantia nigra
2.
The caudate nucleus () + putamen= striatum
The globus pallidus (external and internal segments)
pars compacta+pars reticulata= The substantia nigra
The subthalamic nucleus
3. &(DA)

4. GPi(GABA)
(SNr)(DA)
5. (GABA)&(GABA)
6. &

DA D1 :
DA D2 :

1.
1 Rotenone () Paraquat () Maneb ()
: MPTPMPTP MAO

2SNCALRRK2
2

L-DOPA+ carbidopa(); DA MAO-B