Gio Bartolo 11.5.12 Per. 4 Ionic vs.

Covalent Bonding Lab Investigation

Introduction: Most atoms are never found by themselves. Instead, they are bonded to other atoms in ionic or covalent bonds. This is because atoms need to achieve the octet rule, or a full shell. A full shell is considered full when the total number of electrons is equal to eight. These atoms need to acquire the octet rule in oder for the atom to be stable. Hypothesis: Table 1: The expected results of following five different chemical substances Compound Chemical Hypothesis Hypothesis Hypothesis s to be Formula 1: Ionic or 2:High or 3: Will it tested Covalent Low conduct Melting electricity? Point Distilled H2O Covalent Low No (pure) water Sodium Schloride Sucrose (sugar) Dextrose Sodium Sulfur C12H22O11 C6H12 O6 NaSO4 Covalent Ionic Ionic Covalent Low High HIgh Low No Only when dissolved in Water Only when dissolved in Water No

Procedures: PART I. Melting Point and Strength of Bonds 1. Fold aluminum foil into a square that will neatly fit on the ringstand.

Gio Bartolo 11.5.12 Per. 4 2. Carefully place the tray on the ring stand and heat with he Bunsen burner no longer than 1-2mins. 3. Immediately begin to record your detailed observations, keeping track of the order in which the samples begin to melt (or which ones dont). Which ones have strong bonds, and which ones have weak? 4. Allow the square of foil to cool and then wash it off into the sink. PART II. Electrical Conductivity 1. Weigh an approximately 0.1 gram sample of each compound in different wells of a well plate (make sure to ZERO the well plate on the balance. 2. Test dry compound for conductivity with the tester. Record your observations (Yes or No). 3. Add enough drops of distilled water to the well to dissolve the compound as best as you can. 4. Test the solution for conductivity with the tester. Record your observations (Yes or No). Make sure to wash the conductivity tester with distilled water after every use. 5. Repeat for all of the samples. Table 2: Results of testing five different chemical substances Name/Chemic PART I: PART II: Final al Formula Melting Point Conducted (1-5; High, Electricity? Conclusion: Med. or Low?) (Yes/No) Ionic or Dry Dissolv Covalent Bonds? ed 1. Distilled 1 N/A No Covalent Water ___H2O___ 2. Sodium 5 No Yes Ionic Chloride ___NaCl___ 3. Sucrose 3 No No Covalent

Gio Bartolo 11.5.12 Per. 4 (Sugar) ___C12H22O11___ 4. Dextrose ___C6H12O6___ 5. Sodium Sulfate ___NaSO4___

2 4

No No

No Yes

Covalent Ionic

Conclusion: In the end, the outcome of our group turned out to be two out of five ionic compounds, both being good conductors. And three out of five