Title :

SMOKING HABITS AMONG COLLEGE 10, UTM SKUDAI STUDENTS.

Code : ULAB 2112

Abdul Ariff b. Abdullahamed Aidil Iman Iqmal b Zulkarnain Ahmad Shawal b Ismail Ahmad Asyraf Afifi b Saimi Amirul Hadi B. Azmi

A11KE0341 A11KE0348 A11KE0045 A11KE0272 A11KE0289

1.0) INTRODUCTION
TITLE : SMOKING HABITS AMONG COLLEGE 10, UTM SKUDAI STUDENTS.

1.1

BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Smoking is a practice in which a substance, most commonly tobacco or cannabis, is

burned and the smoke is tasted or inhaled. This is primarily practiced as a route of administration for recreational drug use, as combustion releases the active substances in drugs such as nicotine and makes them available for absorption through the lungs. It can also be done as a part of rituals, to induce trances and spiritual enlightenment. The most common method of smoking today is through cigarettes, primarily industrially manufactured but also hand-rolled from loose tobacco and rolling paper. Other smoking implements include pipes, cigars, bidis, hookahs, vaporizers, and bongs. It has been suggested that smoking-related disease kills one half of all long term smokers but these diseases may also be contracted by non-smokers. Then, there are many factors that influence students to be involved in smoking habit such as peer , environment , family problem and so on but the major factor is peer. This is because, usually the students stay in hostel or college and far away from their guardian. So they easy to influence themselves by his friend to become a smoker. Finally, this our research to identify the smoking habits among students at College 10 in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia ( UTM ).

1.2

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM In our research, we want to identify the average of smoker at College 10 and we also

want to identify the effects of smoking. As smokers, usually they spend a lot of money to buy cigarette and it will increase their living cost due to the smoking habit. After that, it can give many effects to their health such as cancer, losing stamina, asthma and so on. Then, smoker also can disturb another friend because some of the students do not like to smoke. It is because they will hate a person who was smoker and it can cause our friendly will crack. Furthermore, smokers will produce an uncomfortable smell from their mouth, body and cloth. So, that smell can give an uncomfortable to who that close to him. That is the problem that we want to find the factor and the solution to reduce the habit of smoking. 1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Smoking brought many negative effects to students. If students continue to smoke, it will cause many bad effects such as health problems and so on. In response to this, a study is needed to guide the students to know the causes and effects of smoking problems. The purpose of the study described in this research report was to determine the problem of smoking by knowing the cause and effect of a cigarettes. By knowing the cause and effect of smoking, the students can take steps to reduce having a cigarette.

1.4

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The objective for our research is firstly, we want to identify the average value of smoking

among of students at College 10. That is very important because we want to decide how many students are smoking. This is because, if we do not do for our research, we dont know students are smoking or not. So, it will give a difficult way to us to complete our research. So, this objective can help us to know a many information and we can analyse it very well. Our second objective is we want to know the effects of smoking among students. This objective can help us what are the effect if they are smoking in their daily life such as smoking can affect in health, effect in their studies and so on. So, from that information, we can find the problem them. Last but not least, we also want to identify the factor why they are smoking. There are many factors that we know but in our research we want a respondent opinion when we give a questionnaire to them. From that questionnaire, we will know the information that we want it. We also know why they are smoking? Lastly, we want to build a solution that can solve this problem. From this objective, we will ask to them to stop smoking and dont take it anymore. This is because, we want them to realize that smoking is does not good in their health and can give many disadvantage to them when they start taking a cigarette. So that our objective for our research.

1.4

RESEARCH QUESTIONS In our research question, this question will be related in our objective. Firstly, what the

average for those are smoking. Which mean we want to know the value of smoker? From this question, we can analyse and manage our data because we want build a chart. So, from that chart, we will know a percentage for those are smoking. After that, what the effects when a student from College 10 are smoking? This also very important the effect after they took a cigarette. What happen to their health? So we will know it after we give a questionnaire to them. We will get a percentage for it. We also want to know what causes they become a smoker? In our research, it must have a causes, if does not have a causes so in our research will not completely because we does not have a reason for those are smoker. So we must know it the reason what causes they become a smoker? Lastly, what is the suitable solution to reduce smoking among College 10 student? We must know a solution to solve their problem such as we give some advice to them to stop smoking, we will conduct talks about dangers of smoking and so on. So it will give realization to them. So it will reduce the number of smoking. 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY For our significance, we will minimize our problem among College 10 student. This is because we find a solution to reduce the number of the smoker. So, in our college will find no one are smoker because they start to realize and they know the effect if they are smoking. Then, we want students at College 10 to encourage a healthy in their lifestyle such as they playing a

football, playing badminton and so on. That sport games can give healthy to their body than they are smoking. So they can spend their time very well. Lastly, they spend a lot their money from buying a cigarette because they know that buy a cigarette are not important than buy a book for their study. So, it will give many advantage to them because they spend their money to anything else that very important.

1.6

SCOPE OF THE STUDY Based research will be done at college 10, UTM, Skudai.

We will also divide it into three major race which are Malay, Chinese, and Indian. As there is no female on college 10, so, we only focus on races as the difference of the respondent.

1.7

METHODOLOGY

PRIMARY DATA give questionnaires to the students. SECONDARY DATA From the HealthDay News on 6 Sept. 2012. By Barbara Bronson Gray. From Thomas Valente, a professor of preventive medicine, it wrote that "Popularity is a strong predictor of smoking among students In fact a new research found that the most kids in seven popular high schools in southern California were more likely to smoke cigarettes because of other students did it. It turns out that

just thinking their friends are smokers -- even if they aren't -- makes them likely to smoke. And the more popular a students, the earlier they're likely to start. It also wrote that popularity was measured by how often the students named someone as a friend. Those who thought their close friends smoked were more likely to be smokers, too, and those who smoked tended to form friendships with others who smoked as well. According to the American Lung Association, 68 percent of adult smokers started at age 18 or younger, and every day almost 3,900 children under 18 try their first cigarette. People who start smoking in adolescence are more likely to develop a severe addiction to nicotine than are those who start later. Thomas Valente said that, kids need to be told that the tobacco industry is manipulating them to smoke, "since teenagers don't like to be manipulated." He also said research shows it is effective to recruit popular kids to discuss why smoking is not "cool."

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION OF SMOKING Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes and cigars. Casual smoking is the act of smoking only occasionally usually in a social situation or to relieve stress. Nicotine is one of the cigarettes contain because nicotine is the active ingredient in tobacco. When we inhaled into the lungs, where the most nicotine will stay it into the lung and the rest will passes into the bloodstream reaching the brain in about ten seconds and dispersing throughout the body in about twenty seconds. Then, another toxic chemical is tar. Tar is a sticky substance that forms into deposits in the lungs causing lung cancer and respiratory distress. Carbon monoxide also contain in cigarette, it will limit amount of oxygen that red blood cells can convey throughout in our body. Also, it may damage the inner walls of the arteries which allows fat to build up in them. 2.2 REASONS OF SMOKING The reasons for those who are smokers because they want to show us that they are matured. Then, they want look more confidence if they take a smoking. For students, they are easy get stress during their studies because they dont understand it very well, so they take a cigarette. Smoking also gives them more energy and will prevent them sleeping during their classes. That why they took smoking because they want their body feels more energy and they can do anything without tired. Furthermore, when they have a family problem like their father engaged with their mother, so they will feel more tension and that causes they took smoking. Family generation also is the reason of smoking like a father is smokers, so their son will follow

it. For a good father, he is smoker but he doesnt like their son to be a smoker like him. He will give advice to their son and live a healthy people. 2.3 CAUSES OF SMOKING No one starts smoking to become addicted to nicotine. It isnt known how much nicotine may be consumed before the body becomes addicted. However, once smoking becomes a habit, the smoker faces a lifetime of health risks associated with one of the strongest addiction known the man. We know that smoking is recognized as the leading preventable cause of death. Anyone with a smoking habit has asthma, heart attack, stroke and so on. Because smoking affects so many of the bodys system, smokers often have vitamin deficiencies and suffer oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are molecules that steal electron from other molecules and will destabilizing the molecules in the bodys cells. After that, people who chew tobacco have an increased risk of heart disease and mouth and throat cancer. Pipe and cigar smokers also have increased health risks as well even though these smokers generally do not inhale as deeply. It may give many health problems such as lung cancer, asthma and so on. 2.4 TREATMENT Treatment will help the smokers quit the habit. One of the treatments is hypnotherapy. This treatment will help the smoker achieve a trance-like states during the deepest levels of the mind are accessed. Hypnotherapist may begin with a discussion of whether the smoker really wants to and truly has the motivation to stop smoking. It can reduce the stress-related symptoms and will kick the habit. Furthermore, Vitamin C can prevent free radical damage by acting as antioxidant in the lungs. Omega-3 fats will reduce risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in smokers and it also will provide cardiovascular benefits as well as anti-depressive effect.

Lastly, Vitamin B12 may help protect against smoking induced cancer. So, for those are smoker, we should take any vitamin because it wills antioxidants in our body.

3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1) INTRODUCTION This section discusses the methodology of the research. The main purposes of the research are to identify the reasons and effect of smoking towards Students in college 10. Besides, the other objective is to recommend solution who are facing the smoking problems. To achieve the purpose of the study, students of college 10 are chosen by races as the respondents of this research. The data For the research was collected through questionnaire.

3.2)

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY The respondent of the study are the students that stay at college 10. They are picked

based on races, as such 20 respondents per race. We plan to have Malay, Chinese, and Indian as the respondent. So, the overall questionnaire expected to be given is 60 respondents.

3.3)

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT This research utilized quantitative research methodology. The instrument used to collect

the data was questionnaire. A set of questionnaire containing 8 question was developed based on a sample questionnaire given in Academic Report Writing From Research to Presentation (2006), published by Prentice Hall. The questionnaire included closed-ended questions such as,

listing or choice questions, Yes/No questions, ranking questions and category questions. The questions are based on reasons why student smoking, the result of smoking, and the suitable solution to the smoking problems. 3.4) RESEARCH PROCEDURE The questionnaire will be distributed to the respondents and they will be approached with an initial question whether they have the habit of smoking, before questionnaire is given to them.

3.5)

DATA ANALYSIS For the data analysis, a total of four variables were taken into consideration, reason taking

cigarettes effect on smoking, and the solution for the problem. The data were created using Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Office software. The result will be presented through frequency counts and other descriptive statistics.

4.0 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

The aim of this survey is to find out what are the problems, solutions, causes and effects of smoking problems faced by College 10, UTM Skudai students. This chapter will present the data and findings obtained from this survey. Then, we discuss the results obtained by analysing the causes and effects of the smoking problems.

4.1

TO IDENTIFY THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF SMOKING STUDENTS

4.1.1 The number of students who smoke

90 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Malay Chinese Indian 20 20 10 5 40 Yes No

The survey was carried out to identify the number of students who smoke in College 10, UTM Skudai. In this survey, we had taken 60 respondents to answer the questionnaire which consist of 20 Malay, 20 Chinese, and 20 Indian respondents.

Figure 1 shows the proportion of students who smoke. From the figure, it is obviously shown that most of the Malay students are smoking. On the other hand, it can be see that not all the Chinese and Indian respondents are smoking. There were 20 Chinese, and 14 Indian respondents who are smoking. The remaining students are not smoking.

4.2

TO IDENTIFY THE EFFECT OF SMOKING

4.2.2 The number of student who answer: smoking give bad effects

20 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

20

20

Malay Chinese Indian

0 agree

disagree

The survey was carried out to identify the number of students who answer smoking has bad effects among Kolej 10 students in UTM. In this survey, we had taken 60 respondents to answer the questionnaire which consisted of 20 Malays, 20 Chinese and 20 Indian.

Figure 1 shows the proportion of Malay, Chinese and Indian students in their choice of choosing Agree or Disagree as their answer according to the question: smoking gives bad effects? According to the data that we have summarized, all the students who answer this question agree that smoking gives bad effects

4.2.3 The number of students who answer the effect of smoking

12 12

12 10

10 8 8

9 8 Malay

6 4 2 0 0 Money management Time management Health Others 0 1 0 0 0

Chinese Indian

Figure 2 shows the distribution of Malays Chinese and Indian students in their choice which according to the questionnaire: the effects of smoking? According to the answers that have been collected and analyzed by us, the highest rank is health, which is chosen by 30 students. Among the 30 students, there were 8 from Malays, 12 from Chinese and 10 from Indian .On the contrary; only 1 person from Indian chose time

management. The students who answered money management is 29 which is 12 from Malays students, 8 from Chinese students and 9 from Indian students, and for the others answer, there was no student who chose that answer.

4.3

TO IDENTIFY THE REASON OF SMOKING

4.3.1 Factor that cause smoking

10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FRIENDS MEDIA JUST TRY PARENT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 5 MALAY CHINESSE INDIAN

Figure 3 shows the proportion of Malay, Chinese and Indian students in their choice of the cause that influenced smoking. This is based on the question: I start smoking because of? However, the entire Chinese respondents do not smoke. According to the data we summarized, there were 12 persons who agreed that they started smoking because of friends. This factor is the majority choice of student at the data in figure 3

shows that, Malay students were the highest that agree with 10 persons from15 the smoker that we survey and 2 persons from 5 smokers in Indian. On the other hand, there were 5 Malay students and 3 Indian students who chose media that caused then start smoke. This factor is the second highest choice between four choice answers. Lastly, for the answer just try and parent, these not the choices of the student Malay and Indian respondents.

4.3.2 Time of smoking

7 7 6 5 4 4 3 2 2 1 0 0 STRESS BORED IN NEED 0 0 0 4 4 MALAY CHINESE INDIAN

Figure 4 shows the proportion of Malay, Chinese and Indian students in their choice of time when they smoke. The question that we ask is when the respondent is smoking. Same as figure 3, Chinese respondents were not involved because the Chinese students that we survey do not smoke.

From the data, it shows that the majority respondent answers are stress with 7 Malay students and 2 Indian students. The majority of Malay students with 7 students chose this. In another hand, it shows the same number between Malay students and Indian student in answer of bored. In this answer,4 Malay students and 4 Indian students agreed that the time they usually smoke when they were bored. Lastly, for the answer in need, there are 4 students who agreed with this answer. The four students are only Malay students.

4.4

TO IDENTIFY THE BEST SOLUTION OF SMOKING PROBLEMS

4.4.1 Noticed that smoking could give bad impact

16 14 12 10 8

15

Agree 6 Not Agree

6 4 2 0 0 Malay Chinese Indian 0 0 0

Graph above shows the proportion of College 10 students in their choice of choosing Agree and Not Agree as their answers according to the question 6.

According to the data we summarized, 15 Malay and 6 Indian students agree that smoking could give bad impact to human while non-of them chose not agree. Chinese student didnt not give any response to this question because non-of them are smoking. In choosing the agree or not agree answer, all of our respondents that smoking agree, that smoking give bad impact to human. Although they know that smoking can affect their health, some of them still smoking and didnt care about their health. They said that they are addicted to smoking and it is very difficult to stop smoking.

4.4.2 Thought to stop smoking

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Malay Chinese Indian Agree Not Agree

Graph above shows the distribution of College 10 students in their choice of choosing Agree and Not Agree as their answer to question 7.

According to the data we collected, there were 11 Malay students and 3 Indian students agree that they have thought to stop smoking. Apart from that, they were 4 Malay students and 3 Indian students didnt have thought to stop smoking. On the other hand, non-of the Chinese students give response to this question because non-of them were smoking. In choosing the agree and not agree answer, they have their own reasons which share some similar or differences at the same time. In term of similarity, most of them felt that smoking give bad impact to their health. As we know, it is very difficult to stop smoking, but if they have thought to stop smoking, maybe they can stop. However, there were 7 students that never thought to stop smoking. They said that they are addicted to smoking and could not live without cigarette. They also think that smoking can help them become focus and more understand in their study session. From the responses to the open-ended questionnaire question in your opinion, what is the best way for the smoker to stop smoking, it is found that some of them prefer selfmotivation is the best way to stop smoking, while some of them suggest that government should raise the price of cigarette. In my opinion, self-motivation is the best way to stop smoking. If we keep motivate our self and always aware the disadvantage of smoking, of course we can stop smoking. They can make example of the non-smoker students in how they resist to smoke and how they set their mind that smoking is bad for human.

Moreover, smoker should think wisely on how smoking habit can affect their daily life in term of wasting time, money and also give bad impact to their health.

5.0 CONCLUSION
This research investigated the purposes of smoking towards College 10 residents of Quantity surveying. Primary data were collected by randomly distributing questionnaires to 60 students,20 Malay. 20 Chinese, and 20 Indian students. As mentioned earlier in the introduction, the purpose of this study was to identify the reason and effect of smoking and recommend solutions to the students who was afacing the problems. The following conclusions can be drawn from the study. To begin with, this study has shown that almost all of the students are not smoking. The reason for the students to smoking were because to release stress, because of friends, and many others reason. In addition, the student did not think that spending in cigarette is a waste of money. It might because, they spend RM10 a week for cigarettes. Besides, most of the students did not smoking as they not influence and attracted to the smoking habits. Lastly, the students feel that smoking could give bad effect to their health. We can make a small conclusion here, where all the students did not realise the effect of smoking. All the options that were inserted in the question are actually all the effect of smoking. However, not much students are aware of that. The result of this study indicate that self-control is the most preferred solution to reduce the smoking habits. Also, by substituting smoking with exercise and practicing healthy diets are playing the main roles to reduce spending on smoking.

6.0 RECOMMENDATION

6.1 RECOMMENDATION BASED ON FINDINGS.

Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, the following is the recommendation to be considered. This research should be done together with the help of Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia to upgrade or improve the quality of healthy for Malaysian People. This is because with the help of Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, they can create more awareness to public especially youngster. They can also organise some campaigns about the effects and solutions for smoking.

6.2

RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH. Since this study only focussed on UTM, college 10 residents, of Quantity Surveying, it is

recommended that further studies be carried out on students from other courses to see whether there are any similarities in the findings. Furthermore, future study could also investigate the relation smoking with the market value in the market nowadays. Lastly, it is also recommended to evaluate the frequency of student that smoking and their health ranking. It can help us to shows the relationship between frequency of smoking and also the related health ranking.