Problem 4.

5 Find the total charge on a circular disk dened by r a and z = 0 if: (a) s = s0 cos (C/m2 ) (c) s = s0 er (C/m2 ) (d) s = s0 er sin2 (C/m2 ) where s0 is a constant. Solution: (a) Q= (b)
a

(b) s = s0 sin2 (C/m2 )

s ds =

r=0 =0

s0 cos r dr d = s0

r2 2

sin
0 0

= 0.

Q=

r=0 =0

s0 sin r dr d = s0
2

r2 2

a 0 0

1 cos 2 2 sin 2 2
2

= (c)
a 2

s0 a2 4

=
0

a2 s0 . 2

Q=

r=0 =0

s0 er r dr d = 2s0

a 0

rer dr
a 0

= 2s0 rer er (d)

a

= 2s0 [1 ea (1 + a)].

Q=

= s0

r=0 =0 a r=0

s0 er sin2 r dr d
2

rer dr

=0

sin2 d

= s0 [1 ea (1 + a)] = s0 [1 ea (1 + a)].

Problem 4.16 A line of charge with uniform density l extends between z = L/2 and z = L/2 along the z-axis. Apply Coulombs law to obtain an expression for the electric eld at any point P(r, , 0) on the xy plane. Show that your result reduces to the expression given by (4.33) as the length L is extended to innity. Solution:
z

L/2 dz 1 z R 2 0
r

dE2 dE1 x-y plane

-z 2

-L/2

Figure P4.16: Line charge of length L.

Consider an element of charge of height dz at height z. Call it element 1. The electric eld at P due to this element is dE1 . Similarly, an element at z produces dE2 . These two electric elds have equal z-components, but in opposite directions, and hence they will cancel. Their components along r will add. Thus, the net eld due to both elements is dE = dE1 + dE2 = r 2l cos dz rl cos dz = . 2 40 R 20 R2

 where the cos factor provides the components of dE1 and dE2 along r. Our integration variable is z, but it will be easier to integrate over the variable from = 0 to L/2 . 0 = sin1 2 + (L/2)2 r Hence, with R = r/ cos , and z = r tan and dz = r sec2 d , we have
L/2

E=
z=0

dE =

0 =0

dE =
0

0 l cos d 20 r 0 l l =r sin 0 = r 20 r 20 r

l cos3 r sec2 d 20 r2

=r

L/2 r2 + (L/2)2

For L r,

L/2 r2 + (L/2)2

1,

and E=r

l 20 r

(innite line of charge).

Problem 4.18 Multiple charges at different locations are said to be in equilibrium if the force acting on any one of them is identical in magnitude and direction to the force acting on any of the others. Suppose we have two negative charges, one located at the origin and carrying charge 9e, and the other located on the positive x-axis at a distance d from the rst one and carrying charge 36e. Determine the location, polarity and magnitude of a third charge whose placement would bring the entire system into equilibrium. Solution: If
Q1 = -9e x=0 x d (d-x) Q3 Q2 = -36e x

Figure P4.18: Three collinear charges.

F1 = force on Q1 , F2 = force on Q2 , F3 = force on Q3 , then equilibrium means that F1 = F2 = F3 . The two original charges are both negative, which mean they would repel each other. The third charge has to be positive and has to lie somewhere between them in order to counteract their repulsion force. The forces acting on charges Q1 , Q2 , and Q3 are respectively F1 = F2 = F3 = R21 Q1 Q2 40 R2 21 R12 Q1 Q2 40 R2 12 R13 Q1 Q3 40 R2 13 + + + R31 Q1 Q3 40 R2 31 R32 Q3 Q2 40 R2 32 R23 Q2 Q3 40 R2 23 = x =x 324e2 9eQ3 +x , 2 40 d 40 x2

36eQ3 324e2 x , 2 40 d 40 (d x)2

= x

9eQ3 36eQ3 +x . 2 40 x 40 (d x)2

Hence, equilibrium requires that 324e 9Q3 324e 36Q3 9Q3 36Q3 + 2 = 2 = 2 + . d2 x d (d x)2 x (d x)2

Solution of the above equations yields Q3 = 4e, x= d . 3

Problem 4.22

Given the electric ux density D = x2(x + y) + y(3x 2y) (C/m2 )

determine (a) v by applying Eq. (4.26). (b) The total charge Q enclosed in a cube 2 m on a side, located in the rst octant with three of its sides coincident with the x-, y-, and z-axes and one of its corners at the origin. (c) The total charge Q in the cube, obtained by applying Eq. (4.29). Solution: (a) By applying Eq. (4.26)

v = D =

(2x + 2y) + (3x 2y) = 0. x y

2 2 2

(b) Integrate the charge density over the volume as in Eq. (4.27): Q=
V

D dV =

0 dx dy dz = 0.
x=0 y=0 z=0

(c) Apply Gauss law to calculate the total charge from Eq. (4.29) Q= Ffront =
n

D ds = Ffront + Fback + Fright + Fleft + Ftop + Fbottom ,

2

y=0 z=0 2 2

( 2(x + y) + y(3x 2y)) x 2(x + y)

x=2

( dz dy) x
2

=
y=0 z=0 2 2

x=2

1 dz dy = 2z 2y + y2 2
x=0

z=0

= 24,
y=0

Fback =

y=0 z=0 2

( 2(x + y) + y(3x 2y)) x

2

( dz dy) x
2 2 z=0

=
2

2(x + y)
y=0 z=0 2 x=0

dz dy = zy
y=2

y=0

= 8,

Fright =

x=0 z=0 2 2

( 2(x + y) + y(3x 2y)) x (3x 2y)

( dz dx) y
2

=
x=0 z=0

y=2

3 2 x 4x dz dx = z 2

z=0

x=0

= 4,

Fleft =

x=0 z=0 2

( 2(x + y) + y(3x 2y)) x

2

y=0

( dz dx) y
2

=
2

x=0 z=0 2

(3x 2y)

y=0

3 2 dz dx = z x 2
z=2

z=0

x=0

= 12,

Ftop = =

x=0 z=0 2 2

( 2(x + y) + y(3x 2y)) x 0 dy dx = 0,

z=2

( dy dx) z

x=0 z=0 2 2

Fbottom = =

x=0 z=0 2 2

( 2(x + y) + y(3x 2y)) x 0 dy dx = 0.

z=0

z=0

( dy dx) z

x=0 z=0

Thus Q =

D ds = 24 8 4 12 + 0 + 0 = 0.

Problem 4.27 An innitely long cylindrical shell extending between r = 1 m and r = 3 m contains a uniform charge density v0 . Apply Gausss law to nd D in all regions. Solution: For r < 1 m, D = 0. For 1 r 3 m,
n

r Dr ds = Q,

Dr 2 rL = v0 L(r2 12 ), D = r Dr = r For r 3 m,

v0 L(r2 1) v0 (r2 1) =r , 2 rL 2r

1 r 3 m.

Dr 2 rL = v0 L(32 12 ) = 8v0 L, 4v0 D = r Dr = r , r 3 m. r

1m

L 3m r

Figure P4.27: Cylindrical shell.

Problem 4.32 A circular ring of charge of radius a lies in the xy plane and is centered at the origin. Assume also that the ring is in air and carries a uniform density . (a) Show that the electrical potential at (0, 0, z) is given by V = a/[20 (a2 + z2 )1/2 ]. (b) Find the corresponding electric eld E. Solution: (a) For the ring of charge shown in Fig. P4.32, using Eq. (3.67) in Eq. (4.48c) gives V (R) = 1 40
l

l 1 dl = R 40

=0

Point (0, 0, z) in Cartesian coordinates corresponds to (r, , z) = (0, , z) in cylindrical coordinates. Hence, for r = 0, V (0, 0, z) = 1 40
2

l 2 + r 2 2ar cos ( ) + z2 a a l . 20 a2 + z2

a d .

=0

l 2 + z2 a

a d =

|R'| = a2 + z2

d'
a x l

dl' = a d'

Figure P4.32: Ring of charge.

(b) From Eq. (4.51), E = V = z

l a 2 2 1/2 l a z (a + z ) =z 20 z 20 (a2 + z2 )3/2

(V/m).

Problem 7. Solution:

d=0.152; l=0.333
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RADIALLY SCALED PARAMETERS 100 40 40 30 0 1 1 0.0 ORIGIN 0.9 1 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.7 20 10 20 2 0.6 0.8 0.2 15 3 0.5 0.7 0.3 4 0.4 0.6 0.4 5 0.3 0.5 0.5 5 4 10 6 7 0.2 0.4 0.6 3 2.5 8 8 9 2 6 10 0.1 0.3 0.7 1.8 5 12 1.6 4 14 0.2 0.8 0.05 1.4 3 2 20 0.01 0.1 0.9 1.2 1.1 1 1 1 1 30 0 0 0 0 1 CENTER 1 1.1 0.99 1.1 0.1 1.2 0.95 1.2 15 TOWARD LOAD > 10 7 5 1.1 0.2 1.3 1.2 0.4 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.4 0.6 4 1.3 1.4 0.8 1 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.6 3 1.8 1.5 0.7 1.6 2 2 0.6 < TOWARD GENERATOR 2 1 3 3 2.5 0.5 1.7 0.4 1.8 4 4 3 0.3 5 5 6 4 0.2 1.9 5 0.1 10 20 10 0 2 10 15

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