1. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? A. Chorda tendineae attach AV valve cusps to papillary muscles. B.

Most of ventricular filling occurs during ventricular systole. C. The heart chamber with the thickest wall is the left ventricle. D. The visceral pericardium is also called the epicardium. E. Endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart wall

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2. One serious type of arrhythmia is an A-V block (i.e. electrical impulses cannot get through to the AV node). In this situation the: A. atria are not being paced by the heart's conduction system. B. bundle of His is not conducting impulses to the AV note. C. atria are not responding to sympathetic nerve stimulation. D. ventricles are not contracting in coordination with the atria. E. All of the above are correct.

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3. Which statement about the heart's conduction system is correct? A. The S-A node is known as the pace maker of the heart. B. The A-V node controls atrial contraction. C. The ventricles contract from their base downward. D. The Purkinje fibers are specialized nerve cells. E. The S-A and A-V nodes typically function independently.

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4. The second heart sound (that is, the DUPP sound) is produced specifically by the: A. closure of the atrioventricular valves. B. opening of the atrioventricular valves. C. closure of the semilunar valves. D. opening of the semilunar valves. E. closing of both the atrioventricular and semilunar valves.

see page 440

5. Layers of the heart wall from inside to outside are: A. epicardium endocardium myocardium. B. epicardium myocardium endocardium. C. endocardium myocardium epicardium. D. endocardium myocardium pericardium. E. epicardium myocardium endocardium.

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6. The adult heart is typically: A. located in the anterior mediastinum and pointed to the left. B. covered by the epicardium or parietal pericardium. C. located in the middle mediastinum and pointed to the left. D. located in the middle mediastinum and pointed to the right. E. covered by the epicardium or visceral peritoneum.

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7. The right atrioventricular opening is closed by the: A. tricuspid valve. B. aortic valve. C. pulmonary valve. D. mitral valve. E. bicuspid valve.

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8. The coronary sinus empties into which heart chamber? A. right atrium B. right ventricle

C. left atrium D. left ventricle E. right and left atria

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9. In the heart, the papillary muscles attach to the atrioventricular cusps via the: A. ligamentum arteriosus. B. moderator bands. C. trabeculae carneae. D. chorda tendineae. E. pectinate muscles.

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10. Identify the branches of the ascending aorta: A. left brachiocephalic trunk B. right brachiocephalic trunk C. left common carotid artery D. coronary arteries E. vertebral arteries

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11. The apex of the heart is typically located at which intercostal space on the anterior chest wall? A. 4th intercostal space B. 5th intercostal space C. 6th intercostal space D. 7th intercostal space E. 8th intercostal space

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12. The pulmonary veins drain into what heart chamber? A. right atrium B. right ventricle C. left atrium D. left ventricle E. both atria

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13. During late ventricular diastole the atrioventricular valves are: A. open. B. beginning to open. C. closed. D. beginning to close. E. left is open and right is closed.

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14. Increased sympathetic stimuli to the heart causes the heart beat to: A. slow down. B. skip beats. C. speed up. D. stop completely. E. None of the above are correct.

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15. The outer layer of the heart wall (epicardium) is also called the visceral pericardium. A. True B. False

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16. All heart valves have three cusps with exception of the mitral valve which has as only 2 cusps. A. True B. False

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17. Cardiac muscle is striated like skeletal muscle, but is under involuntary control like smooth muscle. A. True B. False

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18. Each heart atrium slightly increases the capacity of an auricle so that the auricle can hold a greater volume of blood. A. True B. False

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19. The coronary sulcus marks the boundary between the auricles and the ventricles and contains the coronary blood vessels. A. True B. False

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20. A prominent feature of the adult interatrial wall is the fossa ovalis which is the remnant of the prenatal foramen ovale. A. True B. False

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21. After birth, oxygenated blood passes from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve into a large artery called the pulmonary trunk that then divides into the pulmonary arteries. A. True B. False

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22. During fetal life, the ductus arteriosus shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta and away from the lungs. A. True B. False

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23. The heart's cardiac skeleton prevents overstretching of the AV valves as blood passes through them. A. True B. False

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24. Papillary muscles prevents AV valve cusps from everting or swinging upward into the atria during ventricular systole. A. True B. False

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25. In addition to a weakening of the heart wall, an often symptom of rheumatic fever is structural damage to the bicuspid and aortic valves. A. True B. False

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26. While it is contracting, the heart receives little oxygenated blood by way of the coronary arteries. A. True B. False

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27. Normally, cardiac excitation begins in the sinoatrial node and is then distributed to the atrioventricular node before going on to atrioventricular bundle. A. True B. False

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28. Arrhythmia is a general term referring to an irregularity in heart rhythm resulting from a defect in structure and distribution of cardiac muscle fibers. A. True B. False

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29. Cardiac muscle fibers typically contain a single centrally located nucleus. A. True B. False

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30. The visceral layer of the serous pericardium (epicardium) is both a part of the pericardium and part of the heart wall. A. True B. False

see page 426

31. The heart, a derivative of endoderm, begins to develop before the third week of gestation in the ventral region of the embryo inferior to its foregut. A. True B. False

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32. The embryonic bulus cordis and truncus arteriosus divide and form the aorta and pulmonary trunk. A. True B. False

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33. The ________ ________ drains almost all the venous return from the heart and empties into the right atrium.
YOUR ANSWER:

The suggested answer is coronary sinus see page 436

34. The blood turbulence associated with the closure of the AV valves soon after ventricular system will produce the ________ heart sound.
YOUR ANSWER:

The suggested answer is first see page 440

35. ________ ________ is the opening that exists before birth and allows most of the blood entering the right atrium to pass into the left atrium.

YOUR ANSWER:

The suggested answer is Foramen ovale see page 444