FACULTY OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE AND POLICY STUDIES UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA MERBOK, KEDAH SEMESTER : MAY 2012 SEPT

T 2012

Development Administration CORSE CODE : PAD ASSIGNMENT QUESTION : Rural Development in Malaysia

DIPLOMA in PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AM110

PREPARED FOR : MISS AETHIQAH SURAYA BT

PREPARED BY : SYAZANA SYAHMI BINTI MOHAMED IDRIS 2010860026 NURHASANAH BINTI MOHD RAMLY NURLYDIA BINTI MOHD NASIR NOOR IZZATI BINTI ARIFFIN 2010876782 2010678002 2010245576

DATE OF SUBMISSION : SEPTEMBER 3rd , 2012

CONTENTS

BIL. 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Introduction

TITLE

PAGE

Rural Development Policies Strategies of Rural Development in Malaysia Conclusion Reference

Rural Development in Malaysia Development Policies

Rural development has always been the major focus in the economic policies since Malaysia has gain its independence in 1957. The rural sector is crucially

important to the growth of the economic, social and political development in ones country. In order to overcome these issues that occurs in rural area, Malaysia has develop some programs and policies. Thus, the government has come to an extend in order to achieve their objective to overcome issues within both urban and rural area as to increase the growth in the development of the country.

Rural industrialization has always been a focused in Malaysia. Due to independence, the rural development policy has been scattered in the agriculture development policy. In this period of time, the agriculture development policy that has been embedded were designed in order to serve the British during the British colonial period. According to Ungku Aziz, 1964, The rural sector there has been abstruse by the British which the incomes gained was very low because of the poor traditional techniques in making a production, and this has led to a lower standard of welfare. Hence, the agricultural policy has become the base in Malaysia to shape a rural development policy after the independence.

During the 1960s, there has been an intervention from the government in the development of the rural and agricultural sectors. The core existence of the agricultural sector is to develop the indigenous population. Therefore, the government had introduced the First Malaysian Plan and the Second Malaysian Plan. Under these plans, the agricultural policies has been introduced to improve the economic and social well being of the farming communities in particular and the rural populace in general, (Malaya, 1961, Chee, 1979).

The Second Malaysia Plan also integrated a National Rural Development which designed at the efforts in developing the rural sector. The rural institutions were established to generate rural employment and the income of socio-economic status of the people. Within this period, Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA) had became a channel to the rapid growth of the rural development. Huge areas of undeveloped land has been introduced and brought up with the farming of rubber and palm oil through the new land development programs and schemes. The main force is that the production of traditional smallholder has been transfer into the exportation of corps.

Based on Fatimah Mohd and Mad Nasir, 1997, new land development programs were extended to include the cultivation of oil palm through a policy of crop diversification and double-cropping of rice was expanded under the drive for selfsufficiency in rice production. The prominence was also made up in order to upgrade the agricultural conservatory. This also helps in order to correct all the shortcoming faced in producing something. The aim that reduce the productivity cost is that it helps to return all the fair returns towards all the producers. The main objective is that it emphasis on increasing productivity and all outputs in modernizing and increase the development of the agricultural sector. Next is that Shell Marine Products (SMP) had came out with rural industrialization which is to increase all job opportunities and

employment that increases the incomes towards all the rural sector people especially.

Another development authority which is Rural Industrial Development Authority (RIDA) was also been established to improve the standard of living of the rural communities by locating rural industries. Then, this Rural Industrial Development Authority (RIDA) has also expand their channel into Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA), in order to promote education and training towards the Malays in advancing their education besides having an involvement in the urban sectors.

Prior to the racial riot in 1969, in the 1970s, the government have thoroughly make a major shift in the government policy. As, it has been a keen that the failure of

the privatization in providing equal distribution of income and development among the races such as the Malays and the Chinese in Malaysia. This is the major factor on why the government had intervene on the policies. Malaysia which commited in introducing the coorperation in producing the effectiveness towards the people, during the year 1970, the government had introduced with The New Economic Policy (NEP). The major focus in New Economic Policy (NEP) was to ensure to achieve the national unity among all races which also align with restructuring the Malaysian society. This happens also to eradicate poverty in the country while the Bumiputera whom are the indigenous Malay, will share an equity ownership should be atleast 30%. The implementation of these policies has made a wide range in the public sector agriculture and the jobv opportunities in the private sector.

Reference

Abdul Hamid Abdullah, Rahimah Abdul Aziz and Sulong Mohamad, Akademika 30, retrieved (http://pkukmweb.ukm.my/penerbit/jurnal_pdf/akademika/jakad_30/jakad_30-04.pdf) Fatimah Mohd Arshad and Mad Nor Shamsudin, 1997, The Rural Development in Malaysia, retrieved by, (http://www.econ.upm.edu.my/~fatimah/rural.pdf) Malaysia Achieving Millenium Goals Success and Challenges, retrieved by, (http://www.epu.gov.my/html/themes/epu/images/common/pdf/publication/UNDP1.pdf) by,