Breaker-failure protection

RAICA
1MRK 505 005-BEN
Page 1 Issued July 1998 Changed since June 1998 Data subject to change without notice

(SE980072)

Features

Provides local back-up protection when the primary breaker fails to operate Initiates tripping of adjacent back-up breakers for disconnection of the fault, thus preventing power system instability Start verifier provides retrip or cross-trip of primary circuit-breaker for security and reliability after initiation by trip signal Very short operating times due to the fast reset time of the overcurrent detectors Evolving faults can be covered

Insensitive to current transformer saturation and transients Accurate, consistent, short operating times and high overload capacity In case of multiple busbars tripping is normally achieved through the switching system in the bus protection Suitable as a stand-alone protection or can be integrated in a busbar protection. RAICA work together with RADSS bus protection

Application

This relay is required to rapidly initiate fault clearing by power circuit-breakers when, for example, a short-circuit occurs in the power system, consequently isolating the faulty section of the system. It is then important that the power circuitbreaker operates correctly, so that the fault clearing is done quickly. However, there is always a risk that the breaker will not succeed in interrupting the fault current and that the fault clearing time will be dependent on how fast the back-up protection schemes can initiate clearing.

A simple and secure way to verify correct operation of a power circuit-breaker is to determine that after a certain time, sufficiently long for the circuit-breaker to operate, there is no longer any current through the breaker. The breaker failure relay has current measuring detectors providing a possibility to measure either phase currents or phase currents and zero sequence current. The tripping impulse of the protective relay operating the circuit-breaker simultaneously starts the breaker failure relay.

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Breaker-failure protection

RAICA
1MRK 505 005-BEN
Page 2

Application (contd)

If the current through the power circuitbreaker still is above the set value of the current measuring detectors after the set time, the breaker failure relay provides a tripping impulse to adjacent circuit-breakers in the same station.
Occurance of fault Normal trip time Normal trip of CBs Relay protection Operating time of CBs Setting of time relay Trip at breaker failure situation Start of breaker failure protection

In the event of a multibus-configuration, it is normal practice to arrange for the trip signal to pass the appropriate selector switch of the bus protection, in order to trip the particular bus with the faulty breaker.

Drop-out time of current relays Margin

t
Trip relay Operating time of CBs Margin

Max. trip time to avoid unstability in network

Fig. 1

Operating diagram for trip at a breaker failure situation.

Design

The breaker failure relay RAICA consists of (depending on the variant) a test switch, type RTXP 18, three current relays, RXIB 24, one or two time relays, RXKL 1, an impulse storing device, RXTCB 1, and an output relay type RXMS 1 and auxiliary relay with flag RXME 18 or signal relay RXSF 1. RAICA has no power consumption in auxiliary dc circuits during normal service and the current relays can be set below load without operation until after initiation. The relay includes static current and time measuring units with excellent measuring accuracy. Two phase and one earth current module are recommended so that the phase modules can be set high for added security and the earth module low for sensitivity. It is recommended that the phase modules be set below minimum load to enable operation for a trip condition. Two phase and earth (or three phase) breaker failure relays using three individual current relays are capable of accurate and consistent

timing even during adverse CT saturation conditions, independent of current magnitude and possible dc components. Retrip feature after start can be included for security and reliability. Seal-in of the start signal can also be included to ensure reliable timing. The start signal to the RAICA supplies dc auxiliary voltage to the current modules. Only if current is present above the set levels will the start verifier pick-up, seal-in, provide a trip signal to the primary breaker and start the timer. If the primary breaker fails to trip, the timer operates to trip the back-up circuit-breakers. The filter has an RC network to absorb transient energy and prevent false starting of the start verifier (caused, for example, by accidental earth on the initiate output). The BFR type RAICA is suitable either as a stand-alone protection or can be integrated in the busbar protection RADSS .

(96000207)

Total trip time of breaker failure protection

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Breaker-failure protection

RAICA
1MRK 505 005-BEN
Page 3

Fig. 2

Basic RAICA relay for one line.

Retrip own CB

Single-pole trip

Several of the available versions give a retrip command to their circuit-breaker.

Two time steps

When very short times on three-phase or multiphase faults are necessary because of system stability the two timer scheme is recommended so that more frequent, less critical earth faults can be cleared with greater margin.
Signal flags

RAICA can be used for single-pole tripping if the current measuring units are set above the largest load current. At single-pole tripping, the RAICA must be supplemented with relay logic that selects the proper phase of the circuit-breaker to be tripped on the first time step. This optional version may be quoted upon request.
Evolving faults

Evolving faults can be dealt with by including one optional time-lag relay per phase.

Signal relay of type RXSF may optionally be included in the breaker failure relay. Indication may be obtained for instantaneous tripping or for tripping on the individual time steps.

(96000208)

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Breaker-failure protection

RAICA
1MRK 505 005-BEN
Page 4

Technical data
Scale range (RXIB 24) Operating value Operating time (RXIB 24,typical) Resetting time (RXIB 24, typical) Resetting ratio Rated frequency Time range (RXKL 1) Load carrying capacity IS = 10/25/50 mA IS = 0,1/0,25/0,5 A IS = 0,2/0,5/1 mA IS = 1/2/5 A Burden per phase Auxiliary voltage UL Permitted ambient temperature Dimensions Weight Insulation test: Dielectric test Current circuit Voltage circuit Impulse voltage test Disturbance test: Normal frequency test 1 MHz-test Fast transient test Contact data: RXME/RXSF/RXMS RXKL 10-150 mA, 0,1-1,5 A, 0,2-3 A or 1-15 A Settable (1-3) x rated scale contact IS 4-6 ms (2,5 x rated value) 5-11 ms > 70% 50 or 60 Hz 20 ms-99 h Continuous 0,3/0,7/1,2 A 2,7/6,5/10 A 6,8/11/15 A 15/20/20 A 5-150 mVA 48, 55, 110, 125, 220, 250 V dc -20%, +10% -25 C, +55 C See Ordering table During 1s 4,4/12/15 A 33/100/180 A 180/230/230 A 230/350/350 A

50 Hz, 500 V, 2 min 50 Hz, 200 V, 1 min 5 kV, 1,2/50 s, 0,5 J 50 Hz, 500 V, 2 min 2,5 kV, 2 s 4-8 kV, 2 min see 1MRK 508 015-BEN see 1MRK 508 002-BEN

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Breaker-failure protection

RAICA
1MRK 505 005-BEN
Page 5

Diagrams
(R) (S) (T)

L1

L2

L3

4) 101 13A 9A 7429 0001-CA RAICA 101 3A 4A 5A 1) 17A 16A 15A 14A 12A 11A 331:16 331:26
101 2A 331:27 331:23 331:13 325:24

3I UL+

2I IN

&

BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION WITH ONE TIME STEP, CURRENT DETECTORS IN 3 PHASES OR TWO PHASES AND NEUTRAL 36C 101 107 119 131

6A 7A 8A
+ -

2) 3)

307

319 325 331

4U

101 107 119 307 131 319 325 331

RTXP 18 RXIB 2 RXKL 1 RXTCB 1 RXMS 1 RXSF 1

(R)

(S) L2

101 1A 18A

L1

. ALT + + + + + + UL

L3

(T)

1) TRIPPING OF PRIMARY CIRCUIT BREAKER 2) TRIPPING OF BACK-UP CIRCUIT BREAKERS 3) ALARM ETC. 4) TRIP RELAY IN OTHER PROTECTION

Fig. 3

Terminal diagram 7429 0001-CAA for RAICA, RK 651 211-CA

(S)

(R)

(T)

L1

1) 101 9A 10A 11A 12A & 7429 0020-BA RAICA 101 3A 4A & & 5A

L2

L3

3I

UL+

BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION WITH ONE TIME STEP, CURRENT DETECTORS 36C 101 107 119 131

6A 1 + 2) 17A 16A 15A 14A 131:23 131:25 131:27 7A 8A 101 107,119, 307 131 319 325 331 RTXP 1 8 RXIB 24 RXMS 1 RXTCB 1 RXKL 1 RXME 18 307 319 325 331 4U

3)

131:16 131:14 331:26 331:16

131:26 101

13A 2A

101 1A 18A

1) TRIP RELAY IN ANOTHER PROTECTION 2) TRIPPING OF BACK-UP CIRCUIT BREAKER + + + + + + + + UL 3) ALARM ETC.

Fig. 4

Terminal diagram 7429 0020-BAA for RAICA, RK 651 034-BA

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Breaker-failure protection

RAICA
1MRK 505 005-BEN
Page 6

Diagrams (contd)

(R)

(S)

(T)

L1

L2

L3

5) 101 13A 9A 10A 7429 0003-CA RAICA 101 3A 4A

3I 2 2

2I IN

UL+ 6)

& &

BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION WITH TWO TIME STEPS IN 3 PHASES OR TWO PHASES AND NEUTRAL

5A 6A 101 107 42C 119 131 137 4U

1) 2) 3)

(R)

(S)

L1

L2

331:27 331:13 101 2A 337:13 331:23 325:24 101 1A 18A

ALT. 1) TRIPPING OF PRIMARY CIRCUIT BREAKER 2) TRIPPING OF BACK-UP CIRCUIT BREAKERS

L3

(T)

4)

17A 16A 15A 14A 12A 11A 331:16 331:26 337:16 331:14 331:28

7A 8A 307 319 325 331 337

101 107, 119, 307 131 137 319 325 331 337

RTXP 18 RXIB 2 RXKL 1 (NORMAL TIME) RXKL 1 (SHORT TIME) RXTCB 1 RXMS 1 RXSF 1

+ -

+ +

+ + + +

+ UL

3) TRIPPING ETC. SHORT TIME 4) ALARM ETC. 5) TRIP RELAY IN ANOTHER PROTECTION 6) EXTERNAL CONDITION FOR START OF TIME RELAY OF SHORT TIME

Fig. 5

Terminal diagram 7429 0003-CAA for RAICA, RK 651 213-CA

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Breaker-failure protection

RAICA
1MRK 505 005-BEN
Page 7

Ordering

Specify: Quantity Ordering No. Rated frequency Auxiliary voltage UL Scale range, for each RXIB 24 Desired wording on the lower half of the test switch face plate max. 13 lines with 14 characters per line. RAICA is provided on apparatus bars. When additional mounting is required specify a 4U equipment frame for 19 rack mounting or a type RHGX 12 or 20 case for panel mounting.

Current detection 3I> single-phase start 3I> or 2I> + IN> 3I> or 2I> + IN> 3I> or 2I> + IN> 3I> or 2I> + IN> 3I> or 2I> + IN> 3I> + IN> 3I> + IN> 3I> or 2I> + IN>

Description One time step, one flag Single-phase tripping of primary circuit breaker, one time step, one flag Tripping of primary circuit breaker, one time step, one flag Tripping of primary circuit breaker, one time step, two flags Tripping of primary circuit breaker, two time steps, external start Tripping of primary circuit breaker, two time steps, external start, three flags Four current relays, two time steps, one flag Four current relays, tripping of primary circuit breaker, two time steps, two flags One time step, tripping via bus protection RADSS

Dimensions 4U 36C 4U 48C 4U 42C 4U 36C 4U 36C 4U 42C 4U 60C 4U 60C 4U 30C

Weight 5 kg 7 kg 6 kg 5 kg 5 kg 6 kg 8 kg 9 kg 4,5 kg

Ordering No. RK 651 034-BA RK 651 222-AA RK 651 036-BA RK 651 211-CA RK 651 213-AA RK 651 213-CA RK 651 081-DC RK 651 081-DB RK 651 025-AA

Circuit diagram/ Terminal diagram 7429 0020-BA 7429 0020-BAA 7429 0006-AA 7429 0006-AAA 7429 0022-BA 7429 0022-BAA 7429 0001-CA 7429 0001-CAA 7429 0003-AA 7429 0003-CAA 7429 0003-CA 7429 0003-CAA 7431 0122-DC 7431 0122-DCA 7431 0122-DB 7431 0122-DBA 7431 0019-BA 7431 0019-BAA

References

RXIB 24 current relay1MRK 508 018-BEN RADSS busbar protection1MRK 505 003-BEN Auxiliary relays1MRK 508 015-BEN Time relays 1MRK 508 002-BEN
Further information:

Description

RK 651-302E

Information RF 637 375E

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Breaker-failure protection

RAICA
1MRK 505 005-BEN
Page 8

Manufacturer

ABB Network Partner AB

S-721 71 Vsters Sweden Tel: +46 21 321300 Fax: +46 21 146918