ChemTri Reviewer

Comprehensive Reviewer

1. When orbitals overlap to a greater degree, what is true about the bonds between them?
A. less stable B. weaker C. stronger D. ionic E. dissociated

2. The number of hybrid orbitals that form in a molecule is
A. the number of energy shells in each atom D. the total number of electrons in the molecule
B. half the number of atoms in the molecule E. the total number of atoms in the molecule
C. the number of atomic orbitals used to make the hybrid orbitals

3. What is the hybridization of the S atom in sulfur tetrafluoride?

A. sp B. sp
2
C. sp
3
D. sp
3
d E. sp
3
d
2


For numbers 4-5: Acetone (structure shown below) has:




4. How many sigma bonds?
A. 3 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9 E. 4

5. How many pi bonds?
A. 0 B.1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 4

For numbers 6-9: Describe the bonding in methanol, CH
3
OH

6. What is the hybridization of the C atom?
A. sp B. sp
2
C. sp
3
D. sp
3
d E. sp
3
d
2


7. What orbitals overlap to form the C-H bonds?
A. sp
3
& s B. sp
2
& s C. s & p D. sp
2
& p E. p & p

8. What is the H-C-H bond angle?
A. 90 B. 60 C. 180 D. 120 E. 109.5

9. What is the hybridization of the O atom in the molecule?
A. sp B. sp
2
C. sp
3
D. sp
3
d E. sp
3
d
2


10. What is the C-O-H bond angle?
A. 90 B. 60 C. 180 D. 120 E. 109.5

For numbers 11-14, use the choices below: one or more than one answer is possible
C
H
E
M
I
S
TRY S
O
C
I
E
T
Y
D
E


L
A

S
A
LLE UN
IV
E
R
S
I
T
Y
19 76
CHEMISTRY SOCIETY
Council of Student Organizations
De La Salle University
A. 1s and 1s B. 2p
x
and 2p
y
C. 3p
y
and 3p
y

D. 1s and 2p
x
E. 2p
x
and 2p
x


____________ 11. Which of the following pairs of atomic orbitals of adjacent nuclei can overlap to form
a sigma bond? Consider the x-axis to be the internuclear axis, that is, the line joining the nuclei of the
atoms.

____________ 12. Which of the above pairs of atomic orbitals of adjacent nuclei can overlap to form a pi
bond?

____________ 13. Which of the above pairs of atomic orbitals of adjacent nuclei cannot overlap to form a
bond?

14. Differentiate between a sigma and a pi bond ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

For numbers 15-19: Calcium carbide, CaC
2
, containes the acetylide ion, C
2
2-


15. Give the MO configuration for C
2
2-
_________________________________________

16. What is its bond order? _____________________

17. How many unpaired electrons does it have? _______________________

18. Is it paramagnetic or diamagnetic? ________________________

19. Is the bond in C
2
2-
stronger or weaker than the bond in C
2
? Explain. ___________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

20. A crystal sample has the unit cell with the following parameters:
a = 11.15 , b = 13. 42 , c = 15.37, 90, 90, 90. The crystal system oI the sample is:
A . monoclinic B. orthorhombic C. tetragonal D. cubic E. triclinic

21. Which of the following statements is true about a hexagonal close-packed structure?
A. The packing of the atoms is not efficient
B. The pattern of the layers of atoms is ABCABCABC
C. The structure is identical to a face-centered cubic structure
D. The pattern of the layers of atoms is ABABABAB
E. the structure is identical to a body-centered cubic structure

22. Elemental silicon exists as a solid with a crystal structure like that of diamond. However, Si is less
dense. Which response contains all the cor rect conclusions that can be drawn?
I. Silicon and diamond are allotropes
II. The carbon atoms in diamond are more closely spaced than silicon atoms in solid silicon
III. Silicon is a poor electrical conductor
IV. Silicon is amorphous in the solid state
V. One would expect silicon to have a very high melting point

A. II, III,IV B. I and III C. II and V D. III, IV, V E. II, III, V
23. Cu crystallizes in a face-centered cubic structure. The number of nearest neighbors (atoms that make
contact) around each atom of Cu in the crystal lattice is:
A. 12 B. 8 C. 2 D. 6 E. 4

24. Arrange the following solids in order of increasing boling points: NaF, MgF
2
, AlF
3

A. NaF < MgF
2
< AlF
3
B. NaF < AlF
3
< MgF
2
C. AlF
3
< MgF
2
< NaF
D. AlF
3
< NaF < MgF
2
E. MgF
2
< NaF < AlF
3


Explain your answer in # 24 _____________________________________________________________

25. Arrange the following in order of increasing melting point: MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO
A. MgO < CaO < SrO < BaO B. MgO < CaO < BaO < SrO C. MgO < SrO < BaO < CaO
D. BaO < SrO < CaO < MgO E. CaO < SrO < BaO < MgO

Account for your answer in # 25: __________________________________________________________

For numbers 26-30: Classify the following substances, in the solid state, as molecular, ionic, covalent
(network), metallic, or amorphous solids. Write your answers on the blanks provided.
Melting Point, C Boiling Point, C Electrical Conductor
Solid Liquid
CeCl
3
848 1727 No Yes
Ti 1675 3260 Yes Yes
BN 3000 (sublimes) --- No No
NO
3
F -175 -45.9 No No
B 2300 2550 No No

26. CeCl
3
is a/an ________________ 29. NO
3
F is a/an __________________
27. Ti is a/an ___________________ 30. B is a/an is a/an ________________
28. BN is a/an __________________

31. According to the band theory of metallic bonding, which of the following explains the poor electrical
conductivity of insulators?
A. a partly filled conduction band
B. a valence band overlapping an empty conduction band
C. a filled valence band
D. a large gap between the valence band and the conduction band
E. none of the above

32. Which of the following elements would give a p-type semiconductor when added to a silicon crystal?
A. C B. P C. As D. Ga E. Sb

33. Which of the following when doped into silicon would give an n-type semiconductor?
A. C B. Ga C. P D. Ge E. B

34. Which of the following is true about n-type semiconductors?
A. the energy gap between the valence band and the conduction band is very large
B. impurities that donate electrons are added to provide conduction electrons
C. a valence band overlaps the empty conduction band
D. impurities that provide 'positive holes are added to a pure semiconductor
E. all of the above
35. A crystal plane cuts the unit cell edges at a, b, c. The Miller index of the plane is:
A. 100 B. 211 C. 210 D. 122 E. 221

36. Butter melts over a range of temperatures, rather than with a sharp melting point. Butter is classified
as a/an ___ solid
A. metallic B. covalent network C. molecular D. ionic E. amorphous

37. Potassium bromide, KBr, crystallizes like NaCl in a face-centered lattice. The ionic radii of K
+
and Br
-

ions are 133 pm and 195 pm, respectively (1 pm = 10
-12
m). Assuming that all Br

ions are positioned in
the face and corners of the unit cell, while the K
+
ions are positioned along the edge alternating between
anions, calculate the density of such a crystal of KBr in g/cm
3
. _____________________

38. When x-rays of wavelength 0.090 nm are diffracted by a metallic crystal, the angle of diffraction
(n=1) is measured to be 15.2. What is the distance (in pm) between the layers of atoms responsible for
the diffraction? ________________________

39. The first order diffraction of a NaCl crystal occurs at 23.0. The distance between the layers is 282
pm. Calculate the length (in nm) of the X-ray used. _______________________

40. Which substance will be most affected in terms of solubility by an increase in pressure?
A. NaCl (s) B. He (g) C. O
2
(g) D. Sucrose (C
12
H
11
O
11
)

41. When sucrose (C
12
H
11
O
11
) dissolves in water, the species in solution can be best described as:
A. sucrose molecules B. C, H, O ions C. hydrated cations D. hydrated anions

For numbers 42-44: You are to prepare 1.00 L of 0.750 M Ba(OH)
2
solution

42. How many grams of Ba(OH)
2
will you weigh? _________________

43. What is the concentration (molarity) of the Ba
2+
ions? _________________

44. What is the concentration (molarity) of the OH
-
ions? _________________

For numbers 45-46: You are to prepare 1.00 L of 0.750 M Ba(OH)
2
starting from 6.00 M Ba(OH)
2

solution.

45. How many mL of 6.00 M Ba(OH)
2
solution will you use? ________________

46. How many mL of water will you add? __________________

For numbers 47-49: A bottle oI commercial concentrated aqueous ammonia solution is labeled '29.89
NH
3
by mass; density 0.8960 g/mL.

47. Calculate the molarity of the NH
3
solution. ___________________

48. If 250.0 mL of the concentrated ammonia solution is diluted with water to make 3.00 L of solution,
what is the molarity of the solution? ____________________

49. What is the mole fraction of the NH
3
in the concentrated solution? ________________


For numbers 50-51: Which substance will be more soluble in water?

50. Chloromethane (CH
3
Cl) or methanol (CH
3
OH)? ___________________

51. Ammonia (NH
3
) or methane (CH
4
)? _________________

52. Which substance will be more soluble in benzene (C
6
H
6
)? I
2
or KBr? ______________

53. A solution of hydrochloric acid contains 36.0% HCl by mass. Calculate the molality of the solution.
______________

54. The Henry`s law constant Ior argon is 1.5 x 10
-3
mol/L atm at 20C. Calculate its solubility in water at
20C and 7.6 mmHg. ___________________

For numbers 55-59: Beaker A has 1.00 mol of chloroform (CHCl
3
) at 27C. Beaker B has 1.00 mol of
carbon tetrachloride (CCl
4
) also at 27C. Ten grams (10.0g) of a nonvolatile, non-reactive solute is added
to both beakers. You are also given the following information.

CHCl
3
CCl
4

Vapor pressure at 27C 0.276 atm 0.164 atm
Boiling Point 61.26C 76.5C
K
b
(C/m) 3.63 5.03

55. The mole fraction of solute in beaker A is _____ the mole fraction of solute in beaker B.
A. greater than B. less than C. equal to D. more information needed

56. The vapor pressure of the solvent over the solution in beaker B is ____ the vapor pressure of the
solvent over the solution in beaker A.
A. greater than B. less than C. equal to D. more information needed

57. The vapor pressure of pure CHCl
3
is ____ the vapor pressure of solvent over beaker A.
A. greater than B. less than C. equal to D. more information needed

58. The vapor pressure lowering of solvent in beaker A is ____ the vapor pressure lowering of solvent in
beaker B.
A. greater than B. less than C. equal to D. more information needed

59. The boiling point of the solution in beaker A is ____ the boiling point of the solution in beaker B.
A. greater than B. less than C. equal to D. more information needed

60. The Rast method uses camphor (C
10
H
16
O) as a solvent for determining the molar mass of a
compound. When 2.50 g of cortisone acetate is dissolved in 50.00g camphor (K
f
= 40.0C/m), the
freezing point of the mixture is determined to be 173.44C; that of pure camphor is 178.40C. What is the
molar mass of cortisone acetate? __________________________







ANSWER KEY:
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. B
6. C
7. B
8. E
9. C
10. E
11. A, D, E
12. C
13. B
14. Sigma = head-on overlap
pi = lateral overlap
15.

2
* 2
1 1 s s V V


2 2 2
2 2
2 2 ) 2 (
* 2 2
x z y
p p p
s s
V
V V
3 3



16. 3
17. 0
18. diamagnetic
19. stronger = greater bond
order
20. B
21. D
22. E
23. A
24. A = bigger charge,
stronger bond, BP
25. D = smaller ionic radius,
BP
26. ionic
27. metallic
28. covalent
29. molecular
30. covalent
31. D
32. D
33. C
34. B
35. D
36. E
37. 2.80 g/cm
3

38. 1.7 x 10
2
pm
39. 0.220 nm
40. C
41. A
42. 129 g
43. 0.750 M
44. 1.50 M

45. 125 mL
46. 875 mL
47. 15.72 M
48. 1.31 M
49. 0.2832
50. CH
3
OH
51. NH
3

52. I
2

53. 15.4 m
54. 1.5 x 10
-5
mol/L
55. C
56. B
57. A
58. A
59. B
60. 403 g/mol






















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