Missionary religion- universalizing religion spread by missionaries Pagan- follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times Ghetto- city set

up by law to be inhabited by only Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live b/c if social, legal, or economic pressure Branch- a large, fundamental division w/I a religion Denomination- a division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations into a single legal and administrative body Sect- a relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination Universalizing religion vs. Ethnic religion Universalizing religion attempts to be global, to appeal to all people all over the world while an ethnic religion appeals only to one group of people in one place
Abrahamic- universal Dharmic- ethnic

Christianity1. More than 2 billion adherents, more than any religions, most widespread 2. Branchesa. Roman Catholic- dominant in Southwest and East Europe; Latin America, Quebec, Southwestern and Northeastern US b. Protestant- Northwest; c. Orthodoxy- East, Southeast Islam 1. 2. 3. 4. 1.3 billon people North Africa to Central Asia, Middle East, Indonesia Sunni- most dominant, people following example of Muhammad Shiia- sectarian

Buddhism 1. 400 million adherents 2. Mahayana, Theravada, Tantrayana 3. Came from Siddharta Gautama, a Hindu prince, who renounces worldy pleasures and leads a life of austerity Hinduism- oldest religion in the world

Diffusion of each universal religion 1. Relocation diffusion- missionaries 2. Contagious diffusion- spread widely within roman empire, daily contact with believers in town and nonbelievers in surrounding city 3. Hierarchal diffusion- acceptance of the religion by the empires key elite figure, the Emperor, Constantine 4. Intermarriage 10. MINGLINGJapanese profess they are both Buddhist and Shinto & Africans have churches which are unique from other Christian churches around the world 11. Judaism, the exceptionJudaism is not just practiced in its country of origin, diaspora, only recently has there been a concentration of jews in one place(creation of jewish homeland), ghettos, less than 15 percent of Jews live in Europe compared to 90 percent a century ago Cosmogony- set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe Lunar calendarSolstice- astronomical event that happens twice each year, when the tilt of Earths axis is most inclined toward or away from the Sun, causing the Suns apparent position in the sky to reach it most northern or southernmost extreme, and resulting in the shortest and longest days of the year Difference in hOly Places: Ethnic religion- less widespread distribution b/c come from the distinct physical characteristics Universalizing- holy b/c of founder, the holy places do not have to be related or have anything to do with physical environment Buddhist consider holy places holy b/c it is associated with certain events in the founders life Mecca is holy because it is the birth place of Muhammad, the holiest object, largest mosque thought to be built by Abraham The difference between sacred places: Abrahamic religions bury in cemeteries, while Hindus cremate dead bodies