Joints and Ligaments of the Back Region - Listed Alphabetically

Joint or ligament anterior longitudinal ligament interspinous ligament intervertebral disc Description Notes

a ligament that courses from it lies directly posterior to the thoracic and superior to inferior along the abdominal viscera anterior surfacesa of all vertebral bodies a ligament that connects the a syndesmosis spinous processes of two adjacent vertebra a fibrocartilaginous disk between a symphysis; it is composed of two parts: an adjacent vertebral bodies outer anulus fibrosus and an inner nucleus pulposus; the nucleus pulposus is the remnant of the notochord; the intervertebral disks are important shock absorbers between vertebrae a ligament formed predominantly a syndesmosis; paired; the ligamentum by elastic fibers which joins the flavum is penetrated by the needle during laminae of adjacent vertebrae spinal tap; the word flavum is derived from the Latin word flavus, which means "yellow" - a reference to the predominance of yellow elastic fibers which gives this ligament its grossly visible color a midline ligament that extends posteriorly from the spinous processes of cervical vertebrae and extends from the base of the skull to the 7th cervical vertebra a ligament that courses from superior to inferior along the posterior surfaces of all vertebral bodies a ligament that connects the tips of the spinous processes of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae a syndesmosis; it provides muscle attachments to the cervical spinous processes without the necessity of long spinous processes that would hinder extension of the neck it is broader at the intervertebral disks and narrow at the vertebral bodies which gives it a scalloped edge; it is located in the vertebral canal; it is NOT penetrated by the needle during spinal tap a syndesmosis; the supraspinous ligament begins at the C7 vertebra and ends at the mid-sacral segmental level; it serves as a muscle attachment site

ligamenta flava

nuchal ligament

posterior longitudinal ligament

supraspinous ligament

zygapophyseal joint

a small joint between the articular a synovial plane joint processes of adjacent vertebrae

Joints and Ligaments of the Upper Limb - Listed Alphabetically

Joint or ligament acromioclavicular joint Description Notes the joint between the distal end a plane synovial joint; the shape of the of the clavicle and the articulation encourages the acromion to acromion of the scapula slide inferior to the clavicle during dislocation (shoulder separation) a condition that occurs when the coracoclavicular ligament is torn; a small articular disk occurs within this joint capsule the ligament that encircles the head of the radius it forms 4/5 of a circle - the radial notch of the ulna forms the other 1/5; it attaches to the margins of the radial notch; it holds the head of the radius against the ulna and cups in distal to the head to provide restraint against distal dislocation of the radius a synovial plane joint; limited motion is permitted at the carpometacarpal joint; the carpometacarpal joint is reinforced by dorsal and palmar ligaments a synovial saddle (sellar) joint; this articulation permits two planes of motion: flexion/extension and abduction/adduction which may be combined to produce circumduction it passes superior to both the head of the humerus and the supraspinatus tendon; it provides support for the head of the humerus that prevents superior dislocation a syndesmosis; this joint provides stability to the acromioclavicular joint

annular ligament

carpometacarpal joint, the articulation between the finger distal carpal bones and the proximal ends of the metacarpal bones of the hand carpometacarpal joint, the articulation between the thumb trapezium and the proximal end of the metacarpal bone of the thumb coracoacromial ligament the ligament that connects the coracoid process to the acromion of the scapula

coracoclavicular joint the joint between the coracoid process of the scapula and the inferior surface of the lateral portion of the clavicle coracoclavicular ligament the ligament that connects the upper surface of the coracoid process to the under surface of the clavicle

it has two parts: conoid ligament (posteromedial part) and trapezoid ligament; tearing of the coracoclavicular ligament permits the acromion to move inferior to the distal end of the clavicle (shoulder separation), a condition which could result from a fall on the point of the shoulder

costoclavicular ligament

a ligament that attaches the clavicle to the first rib

it resists superior displacement of the proximal end of the clavicle; the combined effect of this ligament, the sternoclavicular ligament and the interclavicular ligament is to produce a very strong sternoclavicular joint that seldom dislocates a synovial hinge joint; the elbow joint is a complex joint consisting of humeroradial, humeroulnar and proximal radioulnar articulations all within a common articular capsule; it is strengthened by the ulnar and radial collateral ligaments it connects the humerus to the scapula; a thickening of the anteroinferior shoulder joint capsule it connects the humerus to the scapula; a thickening of the anterior shoulder joint capsule it connects the humerus to the scapula; a thickening of the anterosuperior shoulder joint capsule

elbow joint

the joint between the distal humerus and the proximal radius and ulna

glenohumeral ligament, inferior glenohumeral ligament, middle glenohumeral ligament, superior

a ligament reinforcing the anterior wall of the capsule of the glenohumeral joint a ligament reinforcing the anterior wall of the capsule of the glenohumeral joint a ligament reinforcing the anterior wall of the capsule of the glenohumeral joint

intercarpal ligaments, a series of short ligaments that intercarpal ligaments reinforce the dorsal connect adjacent carpal bones articular capsule of the intercarpal joints; on their dorsal aspects they prevent excessive movement of these synovial plane joints intercarpal ligaments, a series of short ligaments that intercarpal ligaments reinforce the palmar connect adjacent carpal bones articular capsule of the intercarpal joints; on their ventral aspects they prevent excessive movement of these synovial plane joints interclavicular ligament a ligament that reinforces the it spans the superior surface of the capsule of the sternoclavicular sternoclavicular joint and manubrium of joint the sternum; the combined effect of this ligament, the sternoclavicular ligament and the costoclavicular ligament is to produce a very strong sternoclavicular joint that seldom dislocates the articulation between the adjacent sides of the proximal ends of metacarpal bones 2-5 a fibrous membrane that connects the interosseous borders located on the shafts of the radius and the ulna a synovial plane joint; limited motion is possible between at the carpometacarpal joints or between adjacent metacarpal bones a syndesmosis; its fibers are oriented obliquely downward from the radius toward the ulna; the interosseous membrane is the classic example of a syndesmosis; proximally directed forces

intermetacarpal joint

interosseous membrane, forearm

from the hand pass through the radius and are transferred to the ulna through the interosseous membrane; marked proximally by the oblique cord interphalangeal joints the articulations between the a synovial hinge joint; these joints are proximal and middle phalanges strengthened by medial and lateral (proximal interphalangeal collateral ligaments joint, abbreviated PIP) or the middle and distal phalanges (distal interphalangeal joint, abbreviated DIP) metacarpophalangeal joint the articulation between the head of a metacarpal and the base of a proximal phalanx a synovial condyloid (or ellipsoid) joint; it is strengthened by medial and lateral collateral ligaments; the joint has two planes of motion: flexion/extension and abduction/adduction which may be combined to yield circumduction a series of synovial plane joints; small ranges of motion are permitted between carpal bones which take on an additive effect because there are several articulations in a proximodistal row (wrist, midcarpal and carpometacarpal joints); the midcarpal and intercarpal joints are reinforced by numerous ligaments it connects the proximal end of the shaft of the radius to the proximal end of the shaft of the ulna

midcarpal joint

the joint which connects the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones

oblique cord

a thickening of connective tissue fibers at the proximal end of the interosseous membrane

radial collateral ligament, elbow

a ligament spanning the lateral it connects the lateral epicondyle of the side of the elbow joint humerus with the radius and the annular ligament; it reinforces the lateral side of the elbow articular capsule; it is smaller and less distinct than the ulnar collateral ligament it connects the styloid process it reinforces the articular capsule on the of the radius with the scaphoid lateral side of the wrist and trapezium synovial, ellipsoidal characterized by an intracapsular articular disk; radius articulates with the proximal row of carpals a synovial pivot joint; this joint has a fibrocartilaginous articular disk that attaches to the styloid process of the ulna and the medial side of the distal radius

radial collateral ligament, wrist radiocarpal (wrist) joint

radioulnar joint, distal the articulation between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius

radioulnar joint, intermediate

the articulation formed by the interosseous membrane

a syndesmosis; it connects the interosseous border of the ulna to the interosseous border of the radius; proximally directed forces from the hand pass through the radius and are transferred to the ulna through the interosseous membrane a synovial pivot joint; it is the articulation between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna which is completed by the annular ligament a synovial ball and socket joint; the glenoid labrum deepens the socket; glenohumeral ligaments reinforce the joint capsule anteriorly; the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii m. passes through the shoulder joint cavity; the shoulder joint is supported by the muscles of the rotator cuff group (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis); also known as the glenohumeral joint; it is frequently dislocated a synovial joint; its joint capsule is subdivided by a fibrous articular disc; it is strengthened by the sternoclavicular, interclavicular and costoclavicular ligaments; the sternoclavicular joint has the range of movement, but not the form, of a ball and socket joint

radioulnar joint, proximal

the proximal articulation between the radius and ulna that is contained within the capsule of the elbow joint the articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula

shoulder joint

sternoclavicular joint

the joint what connects the clavicle with the sternum

sternoclavicular ligament

a ligament that reinforces the the sternoclavicular ligament has two capsule of the sternoclavicular parts: anterior and posterior; it is a very joint strong ligament; the combined effect of this ligament, the costoclavicular ligament and the interclavicular ligament is to produce a very strong sternoclavicular joint that seldom dislocates the ligament that spans the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus it connects the greater tubercle of the humerus to the lesser tubercle of the humerus and acts to retain the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii m. in the intertubercular sulcus

transverse humeral ligament

transverse metacarpal a ligament that connects the limited motion is permitted between the ligament, deep metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5 distal ends of adjacent metacarpal bones on their palmar surface due to the presence of the deep transverse metacarpal ligaments; the metacarpal bones are bound together to form a solid

foundation for finger movements transverse scapular ligament, superior a ligament that spans the suprascapular notch of the scapula it converts the suprascapular notch into a foramen; the suprascapular a. passes superior to the ligament and the suprascapular n. passes inferior to the ligament (Army over the bridge, Navy under the bridge)

ulnar collateral ligament, elbow ulnar collateral ligament, wrist wrist joint

a strong ligament spanning the it connects the medial epicondyle of the medial side of the elbow joint humerus with the ulna; it reinforces the medial side of the elbow articular capsule it connects the styloid process of the ulna to the pisiform and triquetrum it reinforces the articular capsule on the medial side of the wrist

the articulation between the a synovial ellipsoid joint; two primary distal end of the radius and the degrees of motion are permitted: proximal row of carpal bones abduction/adduction and flexion/extension - these motions are combined to produce circumduction; the radius actually articulates with the articular disk which in turn articulates with the proximal row of carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum)

Joints and Ligaments of the Head and Neck - Listed Alphabetically

Joint or ligament coronal suture Description the articulation between the frontal bone and the two parietal bones a suture Notes

intermaxillary suture the articulation between the a suture; it is a midline feature of the hard palatine processes of the right palate and marks the line of fusion of the and left maxillae two palatine shelves (secondary palate) during development lambdoidal suture the articulation between the a suture occipital bone and the parietal bone the articulation between the a suture; a midline structure, it usually two ossification centers of the disappears during development but is frontal bone occasionally present in adults the articulation between four a suture; this is a site of relatively thin bone bones: the greater wing of the that is frequently fractured in blows to the sphenoid bone, the frontal side of the head; the middle meningeal a. is

metopic suture

pterion

bone, the parietal bone, the located deep to this site and may be injured squamous part of the temporal in skull fractures at this location, leading to bone epidural hematoma sagittal suture the articulation between the two parietal bones the ligament that attaches to the spine of the sphenoid bone superiorly and the lingula of the mandible inferiorly the articulation between the parietal bone and the squamous portion of the temporal bone a suture; it is a midline structure that lies superficial to the superior sagittal venous sinus paired; it is a specialization of the pterygoid fascia and is a remnant of the mesenchymal core of the first pharyngeal arch (Meckel's cartilage) a suture; the greater wing of the sphenoid bone participates in the formation of the anterior end of the squamosal suture

sphenomandibular ligament

squamosal suture

stylohyoid ligament

the ligament that connects the a syndesmosis; paired; a remnant of the styloid process with the lesser mesenchymal core of the second horn of the hyoid bone pharyngeal arch (Reichert's cartilage) the ligament that connects the paired; a thickening of the parotid fascia styloid process with the angle of the mandible the articulation between the head of the condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone a synovial hinge joint; it is separated into two joint spaces by an intracapsular fibrous articular disc; gliding action occurs superior to the articular disc and hinge action occurs inferior to the disc

stylomandibular ligament temporomandibular joint

Joints and Ligaments of the Thorax - Listed Alphabetically

Joint or ligament Description Notes

costal cartilage the cartilage that caps costal cartilages of ribs 1-7 connect to the sternum; the medial end of the rib costal cartilages of ribs 8-10 connect to the costal cartilage of rib 7; costal cartilages of ribs 11 & 12 do not articulate anteriorly but end in the muscles of the abdominal wall radiate sternocostal ligaments sternal angle ligaments that reinforce these ligaments connect the costal cartilages of ribs 1-7 the sternocostal joint with the sternum on both the anterior and posterior capsule surfaces of the sternocostal articulation the angle formed by the articulation between the manubrium and the body of the sternum a synchondrosis; the cartilage within this joint usually does not become ossified until old age; the angle formed by this articulation is also called the angle of Louis; the sternal angle marks the level of the second costal cartilage from which all other ribs are counted

sternocostal joints

the articulations that connect the costal cartilages with the sternum

a synchondrosis (rib 1) or synovial joints (ribs 2-10); sternocostal synovial joints involving ribs 2-7 contain thin joint capsules; interchondral joints involving ribs 810 have simple gliding synovial articulations; radiate sternocostal ligaments reinforce the sternocostal articulations

xiphisternal joint

the articulation that a synchondrosis; the cartilage within this joint usually connects the xiphoid becomes ossified in old age; the xiphisternal joint marks process with the body of the inferior extent of the thoracic cavity the sternum

Joints and Ligaments of the Abdomen - Listed Alphabetically

Joint or ligament inguinal ligament Description Notes

the ligament that connects the inguinal ligament is a specialization of the inferior the anterior superior iliac border of the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis; spine with the pubic tubercle it is the site of origin for a part of the internal abdominal oblique muscle and for a part of the transversus abdominis muscle; also known as: Poupart's ligament an extension of the medial end of the inguinal ligament which connects the pubic tubercle with the pecten of the pubis a thickening of fascia on the pecten of the pubis the lacunar ligament is a flattened portion of the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique m. that projects posteriorly from the pubic tubercle; it forms the medial border of the femoral ring and the floor of the inguinal canal at the superficial inguinal ring the pectineal ligament looks like an extension of the lacunar ligament along the surface of the pectineal line; also known as: Cooper's ligament (note: Cooper's ligaments are also found in the breast)

lacunar ligament

pectineal ligament

Joints and Ligaments of the Pelvis and Perineum - Listed Alphabetically

Joint or ligament iliolumbar ligament Description Notes

a ligament that the iliolumbar ligament stabilizes the lumbosacral joint connects the transverse process of the L5 vertebra to the iliac crest the articulation a symphysis; this articulation is characterized by all of

lumbosacral

joint

between the L5 vertebral body and the body of the first sacral segment

the features of a typical intervertebral articulation which include: an intervertebral disk, anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments, synovial joints between articular processes, ligamenta flava, interspinal and supraspinal ligaments; a strong iliolumbar ligament strengthens this joint a symphysis; a fibrocartilage interpubic disk unites the bones; the subpubic angle in the female is greater than the subpubic angle in the male a synovial joint; the fibrous articular capsule is thickened dorsally and ventrally to form the sacroiliac ligaments; because of the interlocking nature of the joint surfaces and the strong sacroiliac ligaments, only limited movement is permitted at the sacroiliac joint together with the sacrotuberous ligament, it converts the greater and lesser sciatic notches into greater and lesser sciatic foramina

pubic symphysis

the midline joint uniting the superior rami of the two pubic bones

sacroiliac joint the articulation between the ala of the sacrum and the auricular surface of the ilium sacrospinous ligament the ligament that connects the ischial spine to the lateral surface of the sacrum and coccyx

sacrotuberous ligament

the ligament that together with sacrospinous ligament, it converts the connects the ischial greater and lesser sciatic notches into greater and lesser tuberosity to the lateral sciatic foramina surface of the sacrum and coccyx

Joints and Ligaments of the Lower Limb - Listed Alphabetically

Joint or ligament acetabular labrum Description Notes a fibrocartilage rim around the acetabular labrum deepens the the acetabulum acetabulum; it cups around the head of the femur and holds it firmly in the acetabulum the articulation between the distal tibia, the medial malleolus of the tibia, the lateral malleolus of the fibula and the talus a synovial hinge joint; the ankle is reinforced by the deltoid ligament (anterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, posterior tibiotalar parts), the anterior talofibular lig., the calcaneofibular lig. and the posterior talofibular lig.; because of the shape of the talus, the ankle is most stable when the foot is dorsiflexed; the ankle is often injured when the foot is plantar flexed an intracapsular ligament located within the fibrous joint capsule of the knee but external

ankle joint

anterior cruciate ligament

a ligament connecting the anterior aspect of the

intercondylar eminence of the tibia with the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle

to the synovial cavity of the knee; the anterior cruciate ligament limits the anterior movement of the tibia relative to the femur in all positions of joint movement; clipping-type injuries tear the anterior cruciate ligament because the leg is forced anteriorly relative to the femur which places great stress on the anterior cruciate ligament

anterior talofibular ligament

a ligament that connects the it is a ligament that reinforces the ankle joint lateral malleolus of the fibula with the anterolateral surface of the talus the ligament that connects the distal ends of the tibia and the fibula anteriorly this ligament reinforces the tibiofibular syndesmosis (at the distal ends of these bones)

anterior tibiofibular ligament anterior tibiotalar ligament

part of the deltoid ligament it is a ligament that reinforces the ankle joint connecting the medial malleolus of the tibia with the talus a ligament that connects the it is a ligament that reinforces the ankle joint lateral malleolus of the fibula with the calcaneus the ligament that connects the medial malleolus of the tibia with the talus, navicular and calcaneus the deltoid ligament reinforces the ankle joint; it has the shape of the Greek letter delta, hence its name; it has four parts (from anterior to posterior): anterior tibiotalar lig., tibionavicular lig., tibiocalcaneal lig., posterior tibiotalar lig. an extracapsular ligament, not part of the fibrous capsule of the knee; the fibular collateral ligament passes superficial to the tendon of origin of the popliteus m.

calcaneofibular ligament deltoid ligament

fibular collateral ligament

the collateral ligament of the knee that connects the lateral epicondyle of the femur with the head of the fibula

hip joint

the articulation between the a synovial ball and socket joint; it is os coxae and the head of reinforced by capsular ligaments (iliofemoral, the femur pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, zona orbicularis); the fibers of the articular capsule become taut on hip extension and lax on hip flexion; dislocation injuries of the hip are most common when the hip is flexed (sitting in a car seat during an impact that causes the knees to strike the dash board, for example) the ligament reinforcing the anterior surface of the articular capsule of the hip joint the iliofemoral ligament is shaped like an inverted "Y"; it connects the anterior inferior iliac spine to the anterior surface of the intertrochanteric line of the femur; also

iliofemoral ligament

known as: ligament of Bigelow infrapatellar bursa, deep infrapatellar bursa, superficial interosseous ligaments of the foot the bursa lying between the synovial membrane, the deep infrapatellar patellar ligament and the bursa reduces friction between the patellar tibia ligament and the tibia a subcutaneous bursa overlying the patellar ligament ligaments that reinforce intertarsal (gliding) synovial joints synovial membrane

they connect adjacent tarsal bones; they are named for the two bones that they connect and whether they are located on the dorsal or plantar surface of those bones

interosseous membrane of the leg

the membrane that connects a syndesmosis the interosseous borders of the shafts of the tibia and fibula

interphalangeal joints the articulations between a synovial hinge joint; these joints are the proximal and middle strengthened by medial and lateral collateral phalanges (proximal ligaments interphalangeal joint, abbreviated PIP) or the middle and distal phalanges (distal interphalangeal joint, abbreviated DIP) ischiofemoral ligament the ligament reinforcing the the ischiofemoral ligament connects the body posterior surface of the of the ischium to the posterior portion of the articular capsule of the hip femoral neck joint the articulation between the a synovial hinge joint; it is reinforced by femoral condyles and the intracapsular ligaments (anterior & posterior tibial condyles cruciate ligaments) and two types of collateral ligaments (capsular - tibial collateral ligament, and extracapsular - fibular collateral ligament); the medial and lateral menisci are contained within the joint capsule an intra-articular disc within the knee joint located between the lateral femoral condyle and the lateral tibial condyle an intracapsular ligament that attaches to the fovea of the head of the femur and to the acetabular fossa fibrocartilage; it is attached to the coronary ligament and the intercondylar eminence of the tibia

knee joint

lateral meniscus

ligament of the head of the femur

the ligament of the head of the femur contains a small artery (the a. of the ligament of the head of the femur) which supplies the femoral head; in fractures of the neck of the femur the retinacular aa. that course along the neck may be damaged, so that the artery to the head may be the only blood supply to the head and

proximal neck long plantar ligament a ligament that connects the plantar surface of the calcaneus, cuboid and the bases of the lateral 3 metatarsal bones longitudinal arch of the foot the arch that passes from the calcaneus to the talus to the navicular to the cuneiforms to the metatarsal a ligament that reinforces a complex set of intertarsal (gliding) synovial joints; the long plantar ligament supports the longitudinal arch of the foot a series of plane synovial joints; the longitudinal arch of the foot is formed by the shapes of the metatarsal bones and is supported by the plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament and many other small interosseous ligaments; the tendons of the tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior mm. also play a supporting role in maintaining the longitudinal arch of the foot fibrocartilage; it is attached to the tibial collateral ligament, coronary ligament and intercondylar eminence of the tibia; its attachment fo the tibial collateral ligament results in injury to the medial meniscus whenever the medial collateral ligament is injured

medial meniscus

an intra-articular disc within the knee joint located between the medial femoral condyle and the medial tibial condyle

metatarsophalangeal joint

the articulation between the a synovial condyloid (or ellipsoid) joint; it is head of a metatarsal and the strengthened by medial and lateral collateral base of a proximal phalanx ligaments; the joint has two planes of motion: flexion/extension and abduction/adduction which may be combined to yield circumduction the tendon of insertion of the quadriceps femoris muscle the quadriceps femoris tendon connects the quadriceps femoris muscle group to the patella and the patellar ligament connects the patella to the tibial tuberosity; the patella is a sesamoid bone within the quadriceps femoris tendon

patellar ligament

plantar calcaneocuboid ligament plantar calcaneonavicular ligament posterior cruciate ligament

a ligament that connects the a ligament that reinforces a complex set of calcaneus with the cuboid intertarsal (gliding) synovial joints; it supports on their plantar surfaces the longitudinal arch of the foot; also known as: short plantar ligament a ligament that connects the sustentaculum tali with the plantar surface of the navicular bone a ligament connecting the posterior aspect of the intercondylar eminence with the lateral surface of a ligament that reinforces a complex set of intertarsal (gliding) synovial joints; it supports the longitudinal arch of the foot; also known as: spring ligament an intracapsular ligament located within the fibrous joint capsule of the knee but external to the synovial cavity of the knee; the posterior cruciate ligament limits the posterior

the medial femoral condyle movement of the tibia relative to the femur in all positions of joint movement posterior meniscofemoral ligament an intracapsular ligament may be absent that connects the posterior part of the lateral meniscus with the lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle a ligament that connects the it is a ligament that reinforces the ankle joint lateral malleolus of the fibula with the posterolateral surface of the talus the ligament that connects the distal ends of the tibia and the fibula posteriorly this ligament reinforces the tibiofibular syndesmosis (at the distal ends of these bones)

posterior talofibular ligament

posterior tibiofibular ligament posterior tibiotalar ligament

part of the deltoid ligament it is a ligament that reinforces the ankle joint connecting the medial malleolus of the tibia with the talus posteriorly a subcutaneous bursa overlying the patella synovial membrane; inflammation of this bursa leads to the condition known as "housemaid's knee" (prepatellar bursitis), so named because housemaids at one time traumatized this bursa while scrubbing floors on their hands and knees

prepatellar bursa

pubofemoral ligament

the ligament reinforcing the the pubofemoral ligament connects the pubic medial surface of the portion of the rim of the bony acetabulum to articular capsule of the hip the medial surface of the femoral neck joint the superior extension of the synovial membrane of the knee joint it passes deep to the quadriceps femoris tendon; the suprapatellar bursa reduces friction between the quadriceps femoris tendon and the femur gliding synovial joints; they are reinforced by dorsal and plantar ligaments which limit the motion between adjacent bones

suprapatellar bursa

tarsometatarsal joints the articulations between the distal row of tarsal bones and the proximal ends of the metatarsal bones tibial collateral ligament the collateral ligament of the knee joint connecting the medial epicondyle of the femur with the medial surface of the medial condyle of the tibia

the tibial collateral ligament reinforces the medial surface of the articular capsule of the knee; it is attached to the medial meniscus which has clinical relevance - when the tibial collateral ligament tears in a clipping-type injury (knee abduction), the medial meniscus also tears

tibiocalcaneal ligament

part of the deltoid ligament it is a ligament that reinforces the ankle joint connecting the medial malleolus of the tibia with the sustentaculum tali part of the deltoid ligament it is a ligament that reinforces the ankle joint connecting the medial malleolus of the tibia with the navicular the acetabular branch of the obturator artery enters the hip joint by passing beneath the transverse acetabular ligament; the artery of the ligament of the head of the femur is a branch of the acetabular a.

tibionavicular ligament

transverse acetabular the ligament that spans the ligament acetabular notch near the rim of the acetabulum

transverse arch of the the arch that passes through a series of plane synovial joints; the foot the distal row of tarsal transverse arch of the foot is supported by the bones shape of the tarsal bones, many small interosseous ligaments and the tendons of the fibularis longus m., tibialis anterior m. and tibialis posterior m. zona orbicularis circularly oriented ligamentous fibers that reinforce the capsule of the hip joint the zona orbicularis fibers tend to constrict the fibrous joint capsule around the neck of the femur, helping to hold the head of the femur in the acetabulum