N95- 14889

USAF SINGLE-EVENT MODEL: SONIC BOOM PREDICTION PCBoom3

Kenneth

J. Plotkin

Wyle Laboratories Micah USAF Juliet Downing Laboratory

I <-

Armstrong

A Page

Wyle Laboratories

171

USAF

SINGLE-EVENT MODEL: ABSTRACT

SONIC

BOOM

PREDICTION

PCBoom3

The Air Force model. integrated contours The model

has developed

PCBoom3,

a general-purpose, under

single-event DOS

sonic boom

prediction via an

operates which

on an IBM PC or compatible, controls building

or Windows. boom boom input

It is accessed displaying

environment and signatures,

of input cases, data.

running

calculations, calculation is either

and managing extension F-functions algorithms, feet.

all associated of Thomas's tabulated is included After

The primary Aircraft 20 current

is via a variation

of FOBOOM, F-function, based

the focus-boom or simple N-wave SBORT

program. for about

via a user-provided calculation, atmosphere

aircraft.

A fast boom in a windless an index

on Plotkin's altitudes events

for simple N-wave the user

F-functions can access

and flight significant signatures operational FOBOOM program

up to 60,000 (focal zones,

a run is complete, etc.),

identifying and to be

beginning

of footprint,

then plot boom

amplitude

contours are expected

or spectra planning

at any point and boom

in the footprint. investigation. currently

The primary However,

uses of this program because

incident program

of the commonality configuration planning zone

between this increases. of and

and the MDBOOM is of interest

being especially

used for low boom as supersonic to evaluate of focal

design, activity

to the HSCT recently

community,

route

The PCBoom3. waveforms.

Air Force Initial

conducted

a flight test program validate the prediction

the focal zone

capabilities amplitudes,

results

of that program

geometry,

[This

work

was sponsored

by USAF

AL/OEBN.]

PCBoom booms minimize supersonic application

was developed

to satisfy assessments

three basic Air Force of proposed actions.

needs.

The first is a tool to predict is a planning tool to

sonic

for use in environmental impact range to sensitive would

The second

areas

An example

of this type of planning for how far out the range incident

is if the operators users must go.

of an offshore The third

like to set daily minima what happened

is to quantify needs

when an unintended for a program

does happen easy to use, runs quickly, and that output be available and in

These can be hosted graphical

lead to the requirement It is essential

that is relatively as possible,

on a PC.

that input is as flexible

format.

AIR

FORCE

REQUIREMENTS

Single-Event Planning Tool

Sonic

Boom

Impact

Prediction

Sonic

Boom

Incident

Investigation

173

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The program

has several

methods Second,

for specifying there

trajectories.

First,

there

is a file structure which allows

similar

to that of FOBOOM/MDBOOM. description with virtually information radar of a maneuver. any description

is a general

"Maneuver

Driver"

interactive

This is aimed

at the planner

or airspace

manager

who must be able to work helps the user reconcile such as

of a maneuver. Third,

The interactive the program

form of "ManD" trajectory is designed can prepare

that may be inconsistent. ACMI, ASCII or pre-computed file format.

can import

data from sources to import these

tracking, benign

trajectories.

The program data forms

from a routine to this

relatively

A user with unique

a conversion

specification. The program similitude and claim uses standard sonic boom focus ray tracing signature. theory, and includes focus analysis via Guiraud's planning

and the Gill-Seebass investigation requires

numeric

Use of this program methods. metrics), isopemp

for environmental

that it employ

state-of-the-art (or other

Outputs good visual

are contours

of equal overpressure of footprints

charts

which

provide

interpretation

and focal zones,

and signatures

and spectra.

GENERAL

FEATURES

General Full Ray

Flight Tracing

Profile

Input

Scheme Atmosphere, With Impact Winds Regions Signatures,

Non-Standard Focus Outputs: Spectra and

Post-Focus Contours,

Boom Footprints

(Isopemps),

174

The user works up the data stream module putting other is ready,

primarily

with a simple pull-down modules

menu

system.

The goal of this module do the work. When

is to set

needed MIM

by the computational a batch

that actually

a computational MIM, on

writes

file to execute This program

it, then exits. is PC specific,

The batch but would

file ends by re-running be fairly simple

the user back interactive

in the menus.

to replicate

systems.

PROGRAM MASTER INPUT

STRUCTURE: MODULE (MIM)

Manages Sets Up

All Runs

Data, Stream

User for

Inputs,

Via

Simple

Menu Modules

System

Computational Modules

Initiates PC-Specific

Computational Interface

as Separate

Processes

175

The real work most part are portable. standard"

is done

in the computational

modules.

These

are written

in Fortran plotting

77, and for the with interfaces, but

Graphics

are done with a PC-specific ManD, PCBPIot, and SIGOUT parts. the full-theory on the rapid

Fortran-callable have PC-specific

library

/i i _

"industry these

call styles.

interactive

are kept isolated Boom

from the computational are done by either a scheme based

calculations fast analysis,

FOBoom3

module

or, for applications Both schemes yield a file of it and

requiring boom indexes

i !2:

very

SBORT

algorithms.

signatures

on the ground.

This file is processed modules PCBPlot

by a "footprint

processor"

which

organizes

it for use by the output It is worth noting

and SIGOUT. is derived from the same code configuration the corresponding analysis from which tools, but those MDBOOM as possible have

that the FOBOOM3 It does not contain out subroutine some

module

MDBOOM been users removed

was developed. by blocking

the proprietary

calls and removing

modules. routines

may find it useful kept identical

to adapt between

of the new features which

to their work.

As many

have been of both.

the two programs,

will be of long-term

benefit

to maintenance

COMPUTATIONAL

MODULES

Maneuver FOBoom3 SBORT Footprint PCBPIot SIGOUT All Written "Industry

Driver Boom Simple

(ManD) Calculator Boom Calculator

Processor Footprint/Contour Signature Output Output

and Spectrum 77 Plotting Calls

in Fortran Standard"

i _

176

The contour intercepts of boom

plotting generated focal zone

module

will draw

isopemps

and contours.

The isopemps where

- the ground footprint is lies,

at specific geometry.

times - are very useful The contours quantify

for seeing the boom

the boom

and in interpreting computed

amplitude.

Loudness

by the methods

used by NASA-Langley,

with a 125 msec auditory

time constant.

PCBCont

CONTOUR/FOOTPRINT

MODULE

Isopemps Contours Interactive

(Ray/Ground ofPmax, User CSEL, Control

Intersections) ASEL, of Plot PL Format

177

:..... : _ _

_,

.....

_.

:,

_,,

'

.ii

:ii : :

!_:!i

This is an isopemp beginning of the calculated

plot for a supersonic maneuver,

turn at constant

Mach

number.

There

is a "+" marking location during the

the

and "o"s marking region around

the entry point.

The caustic

turn is apparent,

and the multi-valued

the turn entry cusp can be seen

TYPICAL

FOOTPRINT

("ISOPEMP")

OUTPUT

8g level _urno stra_gh_ ea#b03 a _mospnere SCALE 1:250000

en_r_

/ex_

178

This is thecorresponding overpressureontour c

TYPICAL
/ /

CONTOUR

OUTPUT

/ / /

2g

level

_urn. a tmosoher-e !:250000

straig-t

ent--x/e_

ea4:b03 SCRLE

......... ....

2.0 _.0 8.0 12. 16. 20.

Ds_ 3s{ 3s{ os_ os4 ps_

OF POO_ QtlA[_.ITY
179

The signature footprint. in focal It interpolates regions, plots band.

output

module

allows between

plotting

signatures computed

and spectra

at an arbitrary It is aware

location

in the sheets

signatures

the actual

grid points. N-U

of multiple

and the absolute energy density

phase, spectra octave

so it can assemble and residual band spectra shock

complex spectra.

signatures

seen near focal zones. narrow or one-

The module third octave time constant.

% "L :

Spectra by the

can be either 125 msec

The one-third

are normalized

auditory

SIGOUT
ii ii_i_:_

SIGNATURE/SPECTRUM

MODULE

!<ili'i _i '

Plots

Time

History "N-U"

Signatures Signatures Shock in Focal Spectra Zones

Complex Spectra

and

Residual

180

This is an example flight track

signature

output.

This particular

one is the maximum at 10,000

focus feet.

condition The peak

under pressure

the is

for an F-16 performing is 121.5 dB.

maximum-power

level acceleration

17 psf, and the CSEL

{a]cu]ated

Focus

Signature

F-16 Leue] Flccelera_]on ]O,OOO f'ee[ a[ MSL

1651 points

CL

ol

c3

c_

O.

50.

lOO.

I O.

200

250

300.

350.

Time, m] ]]]seconds

181

Focalzoneflight testswererecentlyconducted.An arrayof BEARS with 500-to 1,000-foot spacingwas placedacrosscalculated focalzones.Observers werealsolocatedalongthe arrays,andthe audiblesensations f "distantthunder"on the shadowside,"BANG-BANG" at thefocus,and"carpet o boomwith afterpops"filled expectations. herewere49 passes T overthe arrays,with a good mix of maneuverypes. Except for a very few anomalous t runsthat missed altogether,all of the foci intercepted the expectedlocations. The behaviorawayfromthe focalzoneitself- with N andU wavesseparating agreedwell with predictions. Boomamplitudes alsoagreed with predictions.

FLIGHT

TEST Have

VALIDATION: BEARS

Project

USAF F-16

AL/OEBN Performing

and TPS Level Focusing With

effort,

April

1994,

Edwards Acceleration,

AFB Steady Turn,

Acceleration, Maneuvers Arrays Zone

Diving

Pullup/Pushover Signatures Excellent

Recorded Results

of USAF Location,

BEARs Geometry, Boom Amplitude

for Focal

182

i!ii, ! "<_ :

< :>i

This is a typical corresponding 123.8 dB. spectral generally opportunity Both

measured

boom signature

at the focus shown

condition.

This is for a full-throttle pressure

acceleration, is are is

to the calculated are in very good

earlier.

The peak

is 17 psf, and the CSEL somewhat, and there

agreement

with prediction. solution

The shape needs

differs

differences, quite good.

so the scaling Having

of the Gill-Seebass

to be examined,

but the result

the recorded

data in digital form from the BEARs with flight test.

provides

the first real

for a detailed

comparison

of theory

File B19]2qOA.L!13 12:t40:;2o61 Pma= 17.08 Pmln = -tl. Sq 16001 points

April Site

13 ]9914 19 S/N LIO]9

--T

2000

points

d
L

co
(J) cl) L n L

cS

50.

100.

150. Time,

200. mi l 1]seconds

250.

300.

350.

183

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CONCLUSIONS

PCBoom3 Provides Prediction

Is Nearing Simple Access

Completion to State-of-the-Art Sonic Boom

Validation Commonality Community

by Recent With

Flight MDBOOM

Tests Will Benefit the HSCT

Expected AL/OEBN

Release

in Fall

1994.

Will

be Available

From

184