LEC 3 - CHAPTER 2 BM=behavior modification Inc=increase Diff=different Num=numbers Pple=people Time sampling is not repreasentive or accurate but pragmatic

treatment whether it is post line or baseline. IF you are recording then you create a form to measure a behavior. It makes it easier to make recording for given individual. IF its a frequency the main potatoes are dates and possible instances of behavior. We sometimes have an on/set off set of opportunities instead of dates (duration form) Specific form used for certain behavior Interval data sheet- 30sec interval, broken into diff rows. Total 25 min of observation. You can take a look at 23 instances within a time period. This is not the greatest way but you can capture all info. Other ways to record behavior are gold stroke counters, stop watching and coin transfers. Regardless of procedure, two general considerations: practical and conspicuousness. Conspicuousness pple will behave diff if they know somebody is observing them. You dont want any other source of influence on behavior. If you are measuring Stuart and he becomes less disruptive; its a good thing but there is no accurate baseline hence its not a preferred method. While, putting num down in implementing exercise behavior inc that particular behavior (self monitoring) and it is desirable. Measuring behavior in a covert fashion -> having somebody recoding when client not paying attention e.g. two way mirror. IOR measuring the Stuart behavior; two pple record the same behavior in a given period and then the instances in which they are accurate is IOR. You demonstrate IOR in some sort of percentages. Bench mark 80 % consistency is gud. Frequency and duration recordings (see slide 51 on chap 1 and 2 pp) BM will improve personal undesirable habits. CHAPTER 3 Why use a graph? To show baseline, treatment and post. Graph is quick and dirt. Easy way to figure out if it intervenes.

Any journal will have a lot of fig or graphs; psychologist always use visual representations since it is the most effective way. X and Y axis: x is called abscises and Y is ordinate. When treatment is implement, the behavior changes. Phase lines vertical line b/w baseline and treatment. There could be multiple base lines. The action sign contract has impact on behavior of who is signing it off & the one who is administrating it. In this case, behavior sustain over time. BM is scientific, we have to document with efficacy and there are many ways to do that. Ex. Cindy wants to reduce smoking behavior. Involve behavior contract. X is placed in box when smoking goes on. There is an intervention after 6 and beginning of day 7. The efficacy showed after day 7. Taking that data set, we can create a complete graph, phase lines, phase label. As soon as contract implemented, behavior goes down. With graph, it is easier to understand the relationship. Another Ex. Somebody wants to engage in exercise program. Data sheet shows onset / offset (behavior occurring or not). Summary table show that behavior is effective. Research in BM measuring target behavior (dependant behavior) Something in environment that changes dependent behavior is independent behavior