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Semester 2 Exam Review Pre-AP 2011 KEY The semester 2 exam will be all multiple choice and cumulative

for semester 2. It also counts 20% of the semester grade. Topics include: Thermo, Momentum, Waves/SHM, Optics, Electrostatics, Current & Circuits, Magnetism, and Nuclear (23-1). The numbers may be out of order at times in the review, ignore it. ____ 1. Heat flow occurs between two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in which of the following properties? a. mass c. density b. specific heat d. temperature
A slice of bread contains about 4.19 105 J of energy. If the specific heat of a person is 4.19 103 J/kgC, by how many degrees Celsius would the temperature of a 70.0 kg person increase if all the energy in the bread were converted to heat? a. 2.25C c. 1.43C b. 1.86C d. 1.00C

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3 The use of fiberglass insulation in the outer walls of a building is intended to minimize heat transfer through what process? a. conduction c. convection b. radiation d. vaporization ____ 4. A baseball is pitched very fast. Another baseball of equal mass is pitched very slowly. Which of the following statements is correct? a. The fast-moving baseball is harder to stop because it has more momentum. b. The slow-moving baseball is harder to stop because it has more momentum. c. The fast-moving baseball is easier to stop because it has more momentum. d. The slow-moving baseball is easier to stop because it has more momentum. ____ 5. A rubber ball with a mass of 0.30 kg is dropped onto a steel plate. The balls speed just before impact is 4.5 m/s and just after impact is 4.2 m/s. What is the change in the balls momentum? a. 0.09 kgm/s c. 4.0 kgm/s b. 2.6 kgm/s d. 12 kgm/s ____ 5.5. An astronaut with a mass of 70.0 kg is outside a space capsule when the tether line breaks. To return to the capsule, the astronaut throws a 2.0 kg wrench away from the capsule at a speed of 14 m/s. At what speed does the astronaut move toward the capsule? a. 5.0 m/s c. 3.5 m/s b. 0.4 m/s d. 7.0 m/s ____ a. b. c. d. 6. A repelling force occurs between two charged objects when charges are of unlike signs. charges are of like signs. charges are of equal magnitude. charges are of unequal magnitude.

____ 7. When a glass rod is rubbed with silk and becomes positively charged, a. electrons are removed from the rod. c. protons are added to the silk. b. protons are removed from the silk. d. the silk remains neutral.

____ 8. The process of charging a conductor by bringing it near another charged object and then grounding the conductor is called a. charging by contact. c. charging by polarization b. induction. d. neutralization. ____ 9. A surface charge can be produced on insulators by a. grounding. c. polarization. b. induction. d. contact. ____ 10. An alpha particle (charge 2e) is sent at high speed toward a gold nucleus (charge 79e). What is the electric force acting on the alpha particle when it is 2.0 x 1014 m away from the gold nucleus? (e = 1.60 x 1019 C, kc = 8.99 x 109 Nm2/C2) a. 91 N c. 9.1 x 104 N b. 0.91 N d. 9.1 x 106 N

____ 11. The figure above demonstrates charging by a. grounding. c. polarization. b. induction. d. contact. ____ 12. Two point charges, initially 2 cm apart, are moved to a distance of 10 cm apart. By what factor do the resulting electric and gravitational forces between them change? a. 5 c. b. 25 d.

____ 13. Two positive charges, each of magnitude q, are on the y-axis at points y = +a and y = a. Where would a third positive charge of the same magnitude be located for the net force on the third charge to be zero? a. at the origin c. at y = 2a b. at y = 2a d. at y = a ____ 14. If an irregularly-shaped conductor is in electrostatic equilibrium, charge accumulates a. where the radius of curvature is c. evenly throughout the conductor. smallest. b. where the radius of curvature is d. in flat places. largest.

____ 18. How is current affected if the time interval decreases while the amount of charge remains the same? a. The current increases. b. The current decreases. c. The current initially increases and then is gradually restored. d. The current is not affected. ____ 19. A wire carries a steady current of 0.1 A over a period of 20 s. What total charge moves through the wire in this time interval? a. 200 C c. 2 C b. 20 C d. 0.005 C ____ 22. What is the potential difference across a resistor of 5.0 that carries a current of 5.0 A? a. 1.0 x 102 V c. 4.0 V b. 25 V d. 1.0 V ____ 24. a. 0.63 A b. 1.6 A ____ 25. what factor? a. b. If a 75 W light bulb operates at a voltage of 120 V, what is the current in the bulb? c. 9.0 x 103 A d. 1.1 x 104 A Tripling the current in a circuit with constant resistance has the effect of changing the power by c. 3 d. 9

____ 26. A steam turbine at an electric power plant delivers 4500 kW of power to an electrical generator that converts 95 percent of this mechanical energy into electrical energy. What is the current delivered by the generator if it delivers energy at 3600 V? a. 0.66 x 103 A c. 1.2 x 103 A 3 b. 1.0 x 10 A d. 5.9 x 103 A

_____ 27. Three resistors connected in parallel have individual values of 4.0 , 6.0 , and 10.0 , as shown above. If this combination is connected in series with a 12.0 V battery and a 2.0 resistor, what is the current in the 10.0 resistor? a. 0.59 A c. 11A b. 1.0 A d. 16A

____ 28. A solenoid is in an upright position on a table. A counterclockwise current of electrons causes the solenoid to have a(n) ____ magnetic pole at its bottom end. If a compass is placed at the top of the solenoid, the north pole of the compass would be a. north; attracted c. north; repelled b. south; attracted d. south; repelled

____ 30. An electron that moves with a speed of 3.0 x 104 m/s perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of 0.40 T experiences a force of what magnitude? (e = 1.60 x 1019 C) a. 4.8 x 1014 N c. 2.2 x 1024 N 15 b. 1.9 x 10 N (oops! 1.9 E -15 N) d. 0

____ 32. A stationary positive charge, Q, is located in a magnetic field, B, which is directed toward the right, as shown in the figure above. The direction of the magnetic force on Q is a. toward the right. c. down. b. up. d. There is no magnetic force. ____ 33. A current-carrying conductor in and perpendicular to a magnetic field experiences a force that is a. perpendicular to the current. b. parallel to the current. c. inversely proportional to the potential difference. d. inversely proportional to the velocity ____ 39. A mass attached to a spring vibrates back and forth. At the equilibrium position, the a. the acceleration reaches a maxic. net force reaches a maximum. mum. b. velocity reaches a maximum. d. velocity reaches zero. ____ 40. If a force of 50 N stretches a spring 0.10 m, what is the spring constant? a. 5 N/m c. 5 N/m b. 500 N/m d. 500 N/m ____ 41. A 0.20 kg mass suspended from a spring moves with simple harmonic motion. At the instant the mass is displaced from equilibrium by 0.05 m, what is its acceleration? (The spring constant is 10.0 N/m.) a. 1200 m/s2 c. 0.10 m/s2 b. 41 m/s2 d. 2.5 m/s2 ____ 43. The angle between the string of a pendulum at its equilibrium position and at its maximum displacement is its a. period. c. vibration. b. frequency. d. amplitude. ____ 45. Which of the following is the time it takes to complete a cycle of motion? a. amplitude c. frequency b. period d. revolution ____ 46. How are frequency and period related in simple harmonic motion? a. They are directly related. b. They are inversely related. c. They both measure the time per cycle. d. They both measure the number of cycles per unit of time.

____ 47. Imagine that you could transport a simple pendulum from Earth to the moon, where the free-fall acceleration is one-sixth that on Earth. By what factor would the pendulums frequency be changed? a. almost 6.0 c. almost 0.4 b. almost 2.5 d. almost 0.17 ____ 48. An amusement park ride swings back and forth once every 40.0 s. What is the rides frequency? a. 2.50 x 102 Hz c. 25.0 x 102 Hz b. 5.00 x102 Hz d. 40.0 x 102 Hz ____ 49. A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at an amplitude of 8.0 cm. If the mass of the object is 0.20 kg and the spring constant is 130 N/m, what is the frequency? a. 1.5 Hz c. 4.0 Hz b. 8.7 Hz d. 1.6 Hz

____ 52. In the waveform of the longitudinal wave shown above, the compressed regions correspond to a. the wavelength. c. troughs. b. crests. d. the mass. ____ 53. In the waveform of the longitudinal wave shown above, the stretched regions correspond to a. the wavelength. c. troughs. b. crests. d. the mass. ____ 54. A musical tone sounded on a piano has a frequency of 410 Hz and a wavelength of 0.80 m. What is the speed of the sound wave? a. 170 m/s c. 330 m/s b. 240 m/s d. 590 m/s ____ 55. Two waves can occupy the same space at the same time because waves a. are matter. c. do not cause interference patterns. b. are displacements of matter. d. cannot pass through one another. ____ 57. At a fixed boundary, waves are a. neither reflected nor inverted. c. reflected and inverted. b. reflected but not inverted. d. inverted but not reflected. ____ 58. At a free boundary, waves are a. neither reflected nor inverted. c. reflected and inverted. b. reflected but not inverted. d. inverted but not reflected.

____ 59. How many nodes and antinodes are shown in the standing wave above? a. two nodes and three antinodes c. one-third node and one antinode b. one node and two antinodes d. three nodes and two antinodes ____ Y. 60. In the diagram below, use the superposition principle to find the resultant wave of waves X and

____ 61. Which statement about sound waves is correct? a. They generally travel faster through solids than through gases. b. They generally travel faster through gases than through solids. c. They generally travel faster through gases than liquids. d. They generally travel faster than light. ____ 63. For a standing wave in a string, there must be at least a. one node and one antinode. c. two antinodes and one node. b. two nodes and one antinode. Assum- d. two nodes and two antinodes. ing fixed ends as we discussed ____ 65. monic? a. 250 Hz If a guitar string has a fundamental frequency of 500 Hz, what is the frequency of its second harb. 750 Hz c. 1000 Hz d. 1500 Hz

____ 66. Two vibrating tuning forks held side by side will create a beat frequency of what value if the individual frequencies of the two forks are 342 Hz and 345 Hz, respectively? a. 687 Hz b. 343.5 Hz c. 339 Hz d. 3 Hz

____ 67. Two notes have a beat frequency of 4 Hz. The frequency of one note is 420 Hz. What is the frequency of the other note? a. 422 Hz or 418 Hz c. 424 Hz or 416 Hz b. 105 Hz d. 1680 Hz ____ 70. What is the frequency of infrared light of 1.0 x 104 wavelength? a. 3.0 x 102 Hz c. 3.0 x 1012 Hz 4 b. 3.0 x 10 Hz d. 3.0 x 102 Hz ____ 71. In a vacuum, electromagnetic radiation of short wavelengths a. travels as fast as radiation of long wavelengths. b. travels slower than radiation of long wavelengths. c. travels faster than radiation of long wavelengths. d. can travel both faster and slower than radiation of long wavelengths. ____ 74. If a light ray strikes a flat mirror at an angle of 29 from the normal, the reflected ray will be a. 29 from the normal. c. 90 from the mirrors surface. b. 27 from the normal. d. 36 from the normal. ____ 75. The image of an object in a flat mirror is always a. larger than the object. c. independent of the size of the object. b. smaller than the object. d. the same size as the object.
____ 76. A film projector produces a 1.51 m image of a horse on a screen. If the projector lens is 4.00 m from the screen and the size of the horse on the film is 1.07 cm, what is the magnification of the image? a. 141 Actually -141 c. 7.08 103 b. 14.1 d. 7.08 103

____ 79. If you looked at a light through the lenses from two polarizing sunglasses that were overlapped at right angles to one another, a. all of the light would pass through. c. little of the light would pass through. b. most of the light would pass through. d. none of the light would pass through. If the polarizers are perfect ____ 81. When light passes at an angle to the normal from one material into another material in which its speed is higher, a. it is bent toward the normal to the surface. b. it always lies along the normal to the surface. c. it is unaffected. d. it is bent away from the normal to the surface. ____ 83. When a light ray passes from water (n = 1.333) into diamond (n = 2.419) at an angle of 45, its path is a. bent toward the normal. c. parallel to the normal. b. bent away from the normal. d. not bent. ____ 84. A ray of light in air is incident on an air-to-glass boundary at an angle of exactly 30.0 with the normal. If the index of refraction of the glass is 1.65, what is the angle of the refracted ray within the glass with respect to the normal? a. 56 c. 29 b. 46 d. 18

____ 86. An object is placed along the principal axis of a thin converging lens that has a focal length of 30.0 cm. If the distance from the object to the lens is 40.0 cm, what is the distance from the image to the lens? a. 17.3 cm c. 1.20 m b. 17.3 cm d. 1.20 m ____ 88. An object that is 18 cm from a converging lens forms a real image 22.5 cm from the lens. What is the magnification of the image? a. 1.25 c. 0.80 b. 1.25 d. 0.80

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