Cell Biology Test

1) A cancer cell line was recently shown to carry a mutation in the protein p53. As expected it was found that the mutated p53 is present at very high level in these cancerous cells. Interestingly,nwhen the mutated p53 was isolated from the cells, it was shown to be able to interact with a purified MDM2. Which of the following predictions could you make on the effect of the mutation? A) Mutated p53 cannot phosphorylate p21 B) Mutated p53 cannot ubiquinate MDM2 C) Mutated p53 cannot be phosphorylated in response to DNA damage D) Mutated p53 cannot activate transcription E) Mutated p53 lost its degradation signal 2) Cancer cells require lots of nutrients, which are supplied by blood vessels. The growth of new

blood vessels to cancerous tissue is called: A) angiogenesis B) metastasis C) carcinogenesis D) apoptosis E) mutation 3) Generally, complex organisms do require more genes to control their synthesis and organization than do primitive organisms. However, the numbers of chromosomes vary from ants with 2, molds with 8-14, humans with 46, potatoes with 100 and the crayfish with 200! Given this, then A) there must be no relationship between amount of genetic information and complexity of the organism. B) the number of genes per chromosome may vary among organisms, preventing a simple relationship between chromosome number and complexity. C) mitosis must differ from organism to organism. D) simpler organisms have more DNA than more complex organisms. E) All of the choices are correct. 4) Below the skin are "stem cells" that divide, with some cells continuing the stem cell line and others being pushed toward the surface to flatten and die and be sloughed off. In the bone marrow are other stem cells producing cells such as the erythrocytes that lose their nucleus and function for a few months in the bloodstream before they too die. Such "dead end" cells that reproduce no further A) leave the cell cycle in a G0 phase, which immediately follows telophase.

B) leave the cell cycle in a G3 phase, which immediately follows G2. C) halt in the midst of the S phase. D) continually cycle but simply fail to go through cytokinesis. E) reverse from G2 to G1. 5) The critical checkpoints that control the cell cycle are at the A) G1 to S stage and G2 to M stage. B) S to G2 stage and G2 to M stage. C) M to G1 stage and G2 to M stage. D) M to G1 stage and S to G2 stage. E) S to G2 stage and G2 to M stage. 6) Which stage is most associated with a cell that is unable to divide again, such as a muscle or nerve cell? A) M phase B) G1 phase C) G2 phase D) S phase E) G0 phase Use the following to answer questions

7) Chromosomes typically appear like the above diagram in which stage of the cell cycle? A) G1 B) G2 C) S D) Late telophase E) Late prophase and metaphase

8) What is the term for the structure labeled D? A) centromere B) chromosome C) kinetochore D) chromatid E) histone

9) Which structure is responsible for attaching to a spindle fiber? A) structure a B) structure b C) structure c D) structure d E) any portion of the chromosome may attach to the spindle fiber. 10) Which of the statements is NOT true of the above chromosome? A) The chromosome is only highly coiled like this during mitosis. B) Each half of the chromosome is genetically different from the other. C) Each half will split from the other during anaphase. D) Each half of the above chromosome will again be called a chromosome after they split from each other. E) All of these are true.

11) During which of the following stages of the cell cycle will a diploid cell contains twice
the amount of DNA found in a gamete? (a) Prophase (b) Entire S phase (c) Entire G1 phase (d) Entire G2 phase 12) Mainly absorption of glucose by intestine is by(a) Na-K Pumps (b) Diffusion (c) Na-glucose Symporters (d) Uniporters 13) Drug such as methotrexate which inhibit DNA synthesis are generally used for treatment of cancer because(a) Cancer cells are converted into normal cells (b) Drugs act only on rapidly dividing cells (c) Cancerous cells are selectively eliminated (d) Enzyme telomerase is inhibited 14) Among the following which ions are not used in active transport(a) Na+ (b) K+ (c) Ca++ (d) Cl
15) If

there is mutation in cdk/cyclin, the key molecule in regulating the cell cycle, then(a) There would be uncontrolled growth (b) Cell will not pass to S phase (c) The level of cdk/cyclins will enhance (d) Cells will arrest to Go phase 16) Transfer of impulse across the nerve fibres is not directly proportional to(a) Insulation of myelin sheath (b) Diameter (c) Cold temperature (d) Length of neuron 17) 14) Which

of the following is not a characteristic of tumor suppressor

genes? Transmitted as dominant traits in families. May be associated with loss of heterozygosity in tumors. Act dominantly in tumor cells. Associated with "two-hit" model of carcinogenesis.

15) Which

of the following statements about proto-oncogenes is true?

They are originally derived from RNA tumor viruses. Loss of function mutations tend to occur in tumor cells. Mutation underlies most cases of familial predisposition to cancer. Some are activated by gene amplification.

Consider a family where a father and son both have retinoblastoma. DNA analysis from the child's tumor shows only a single allele from the Rb locus on chromosome 13. Both parents are heterozygous in blood, as is the child. Which allele would you expect is preserved in the tumor? Mother's Father's There is a 50:50 chance that it is the mother's or father's allele. Both alleles would be abnormal due to genetic rearrangement. Result: Well done, you have selected the right answer Feedback: The father's allele would be preserved in the tumor. This is a mutant allele, based on the fact that the father has retinoblastoma. The "second hit" in the tumor would be the loss of the mother's allele Genes responsible for hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer encode proteins with which of the following function? Cell membrane receptor Transcription factor DNA mismatch repair Cell cycle control Result: Well done, you have selected the right answer Feedback: HNPCC is due to mutation in one of several genes involved in DNA mismatch repair