PROJECT NAME PAKISTAN RAILWAY

Submitted to Muhammad. Ismail. Ramay

Submitted by Muhammad Sammar Abbas Zaidi 4694 Nauman Bilal 4714

Class MBA 24(1)A

INTRODUCTION
One of the largest organizations in the country, the Pakistan Railways is Federal Government Department under Ministry of Railways. The Secretary for Ministry of Railways is also the Chairman of the Railway Board. Haji Ghulam Ahmad Blour is current minister of railway. And current chairman is Sami-ul-Haq Khaliji.and Ashfaq Khatak is general manager. Pakistan Railway comprises 8,775 route km, 707 stations and 37 trains halts. It has a fleet of 563 diesel electric locomotives, 25,815 wagons and 1,623 passenger coaches. Maintenance is provided by three major locomotive workshops and thirty-five smaller workshops. Signaling facilities at important stations are track circulated within interlocking limits. Most routes have VHF radio coverage for communication between train dispatchers and trains. Telephone Communications over wire lines and microwave.

HISTORY
History of Pakistan Railway (PR) stated from old times of Subcontinent. Sir Henry Edward Frere who was appointed Commissioner of Sind after its annexation with Bombay in 1847 sought permission from Lord Dalhousie to begin survey of sea port. He also initiated the survey for Railway line in 1858. It was proposed that a railway line from Karachi City to Kotri, steam navigation up the Indus /Chenab up to Multan and from there another railway to Lahore. It was on 13th May, 1861 that first railway line was opened for public traffic between Karachi City and Kotri, the distance of 105 miles. The line between Karachi City and Keamari was opened on16-6-1889. By 1897 the line from Keamari to Kotri was doubled. The railway line from Peshawar to Karachi closely follows Alexanders line of March through the Hindu Kush to the sea. Different sections on existing main line from Peshawar to Lahore and Multan and branch lines were constructed in the last quarter of 19th century and early years of 20th century. The 4 sections i.e.Sindh railways, Indian Flotilla Company Punjab railway and Delhi railways working in a single company were later on amalgamated into Sindh Punjab & Delhi Railways Company and were purchased by the Secretary of State for India in 1885 and in January, 1886 it was named North Western State Railways which was later on renamed as North Western Railway. At the time of partition, North Western Railways 1847 route mile was transferred to India leaving route miles 5048 to Pakistan. In1954. The railway line was extended to Mardan and Charsada section and in 1956 Jacababad-Kashmore 2-6 line was converted into broad gauge. Kot Adu-Kashmore line was constructed between 1969-73 providing an alternative route from Karachi to up country.

PAKISTAN RAILWAY ACADEMY

Introduction
The Pakistan Railway Academy originally it was established as Training School at Layallpur (now Faisalabad) in 1925 was shifted to the purpose-built campus named after Col C.E. Walton, the Agent (as the General Manager was then known) of the legendary North Western Railways. In no time, the Walton training School became the hub of the suburb of Lahore, which came to acquire its name, WALTON. As its fields transformed into lush green lawns and the saplings spread out their thickening branches, the Walton Training School took on the character and repute of its parent organization, the North Western Railway, which had come to symbolize the best traditions of service, innovation, development, and organizational excellence. The performance standards of this institution received international acclaim when, in 1954, its premises were selected by ECAFE, a United Nations agency to establish their Regional Railway Training Center for Training Railway officers and senior supervisors of Asia and the Far East in Signaling and Advanced Railway Operations. Control of the Center was transferred to the Government of Pakistan in January 1958. Renamed in July 1982 as the Pakistan Inter-Regional Railway Training College, it was merged with the Research & Development Center, the newborn Institute of Railway Management and the Walton Training School in May 1983 in the latter's a premise to establish the Directorate of Research and Training. The Directorate of Research and Training was re-named as the Pakistan Railway Academy in July 2000. Catering to the qualitatively and quantitatively growing training needs of the mother organization, the Academy conducts about 33 pre-service induction training, 35 Promotion and 24 refresher courses yearly for railway staff of all grades disciplines and departments. Officers inducted into various departments of the Pakistan Railways through the Federal Public Service Commission as Probationers also receive their initial training here. Officers of all grades attend management training courses held round the year.

Mission of railway academy

To fulfill the training needs of the Pakistan Railways, viz., to impart quality in-house training to its officers and staff required to meet its objectives; to fulfill the training needs of the Afro-Asian member countries of the ESCAP region. To inculcate in the officers and staff a spirit and high sense of public service and business ethics consonant with the ideals of public service as well as business venture organizational efficiency, cost-consciousness and responsible spending in the pursuit of the Organization's Mission. To conduct research in all fields related to Railway operations and development which would further the accomplishment of the mother organization's Mission.

Courses Conducted
1745 staff members participated in 121 courses (Recruitments, Promotion and Refresher) during the year under review, compared with 2023 participants (July 2007 to June 2008) in 121 courses in the previous year. The annual PIRRTC course (07-01-2007 to 06-04-2007) was attended by Participants from eight countries, viz., Iran Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia and Pakistan. 1753 participants from 45 countries have benefited from this course since 1954.

OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE
Ministry of Railway is responsible for overall control of Pakistan Railways as well as to guide the overall policy. There are four (4) Directorates in this PR namely Administrative Directorate, Technical Directorate, Planning Directorate, and Finance Directorate. The following officers also report directly to the Secretary Railways:a. General Manager (Operations) b. General Manager/Manufacture and Services

c. Federal Government Inspector of Railways Railway Board is the highest body for technical matters of the Railways, Secretary, Ministry of Railways is also ex-officio Chairman of the Railway Board. Pakistan Railways at this time is a vertically integrated organization and has four business units. Pakistan Railways is headed by a General Manager, who is the Chief Executive Officer assisted by four Addl. General Managers, namely, Infrastructure Business Unit, Passenger Business Unit, Freight Business Unit and Manufacturing and Services Unit that looks after: Concrete Sleeper Factories, (CSF), and Carriage Factory. Islamabad, (CFI), Locomotive Factory, Risalpur, Rehabilitation Project, Medical and Health Service. Railway Construction Company (RAILCOP), Pakistan Railway Advisory & Consultancy Services (PRACS) and Educational Facilities).

PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN RAILWAYS

Pakistan railway is continually facing loss. There are so many problem faced by railway sector of Pakistan. The reasons of losses are multifold. The most important is the local purchase system. Though there is a centralized general but various divisions/ departments carry out their own local purchase which is the root cause of financial misappropriation. Moreover, high official are involved in corruption in collaboration with the burecracy. Nondevelopment and unproductive expenditure is touching unprecedented heights. Contract and commission system are other factor. Moreover, the government has imposed sales tax on sleepers which are used by Pakistan railway. It is interesting to note that these sleepers are produced by 5 factories of Pakistan railway for its own use. The government thus takes away RS. 20 million as sales tax on sleeper every year. Moreover exercise duty has been imposed on ticket. It is true that the efficiency is on the decline but it is not because of workers. They are performing duties honestly despite the fact that they are not properly paid, lack medical and residential facilities and other problems which are of serious dimension. The decline in efficiency is due to mismanagement and non-improvement in travelling facilities. The workers in the present condition find themselves helpless. Moreover, there is no liaison between the workers and management. In fact management undermines workers and the whole show is run by bureaucracy. The issue of late arrival of trains was thought to be a serious matter. But no body cares for it now. Goods Wagons have been abandoned on grounds of minor repairs. If these trains are brought into commission it could be of financial assistance to PR. Similarly a lot of revenue could be earned through a centralized reservation instead of privately run booking offices.

CORRUPTION IN PAKISTAN RAILWAY

Employees of the Pakistani railways are involved in corruption in both high level and in small level. Small level: In small level corruption the employees stumps on prices of the tickets. This disguises the price of ticket and after that employee can charge the amount that they want. They sale there tickets to consumer and charge high rate. Some time employee does not check tickets and charge directly from the passengers.

HIGH-LEVEL CORRUPTION: There are many things which involve high level corruption. Railway land There is major corruption on the land of the railway. The people occupy a large amount of railway land. Some time government sale the land of railway to private people in very less price and take commissions for that purpose. 4,231 acres of PR land occupied by various government departments, institutions, individual and land gamblers.

LAND (ACRES)
1159 3072 396 103 2420 237 260

OCCUPIED BY
Government Individuals Peshawar division Rawalpindi division Lahore division Multan division Sukkur division

Allotment of PR land to palm golf club and country club also suffered him from a loss of 25 million rupees . Train parts When train imported from other countries their parts are good. But the employees of the company sale the original parts of train in high price and purchase the cheap parts for the train. Railway assets are suffering the massive loss of 6.5 billion Seats of train The price charged from the customers is of good leather and comfortable seats. But the material used in it is very poor quality Corruptions on railway funds Higher authorities of railway are misusing the fund of railway this is the reason that it is suffering the loss of over 18 billion rupees Track management Track management is very poor. Funds are not properly used for the track. Management is playing with the life of general public. Employee selection A lot of Politian involved in the selection of the employees. If it is a big seat then there will be a lot of bribery and references for that individual.

BURDEN OF DEBT
Pakistan Railways debt piles up to Rs56bn Pakistan Railways are continuously facing economic losses despite the injection of subsidy worth billions of rupees to make it a profitable public sector organization over the last two years. The National Assembly was told during 2008-2009it suffered a loss of Rs12.66 billion which increased to Rs18.609 billion in 2009-2010. According to figures placed before the lower house of the parliament, the government had provided a subsidy of Rs7.30 billion

to Pakistan Railways in 2008-2009 and Rs9.034 billion. However, losses showed the subsidy had little impact on the overall performance of its operations.

COURT CASES
PR is currently facing 2954 court cases for which PR had paid 25 million RS to its lawyers in five year. The cases pertain to land, property, civil and other miscellaneous matter. The distribution of these court cases is as follows

NUMBER OF CASES
24 121 1032 1625 90

PLACE IN WHICH THEY ARE FACED

Supreme court High court Federal service tribunal, Labor and payment of wages court Rawalpindi, Peshawar, Multan Sukkur and division Railway work shop

Environmental problems:
There are also environmental problems in railway Pakistan. If you see the area that comes under railway then you will find that area is very dirty and there is no effective system to clean it.

No security:
Securities in stations and in trains are very poor. Almost every can enter in the station from anywhere. Anyone can get anything from you by force as well as there are high chances of bomb blast.

Overcrowding:
Are that comes under railway Pakistan is full of crowed. There are houses situated on the both sides of the railway tracks. Which are illegal and very dangerous for the people who are living there?

Lack of responsibilities:
Lack of responsibilities is another issue for the railway of Pakistan. In case of any disturbance or disaster there is no one to whom you blame about it.

MAJOR ACCIDENTS

Mehradpur train derailment

19 December 2007, the train, Karachi Express, an express service from Karachi to Lahore, derailed near the town of Mehrabpur in the Sindh province of Pakistan. At around 2:25 a.m. local time, fourteen of the train's sixteen carriages left the tracks, some is being mangled by the crash, others simply sliding down an embankment into the water. Sabotage and terrorism were ruled out as the reason for the crash, with officials believing a faulty track was the cause of the derailment

Sanghar train accident

On December 4 2009 two men died and seven others suffered injuries when main arm of a crane broke into two and fell on people in the course of lifting eight bogies of Karakoram Express, which derailed at Lundo railway station early on Friday. The train was going to Karachi when it derailed, damaging almost half of the platform. Villagers and people living near the railway station rescued passengers trapped in the bogies.

They shifted the injured to Shahdadpur and provided food and transport to others till a railway crane arrived to lift the bogies and put them back on tracks. In the course of lifting the coaches, its arm broke into two and fell on rescuers, killing Mohammad Rafiq Rajput, 55, and Imran Mughar, 16, on the spot and injuring seven others. Lundo stationmaster Abdul Ghani blamed cracked tracks for the accident and ruled out.

Mian Channu accident

On 12 January 2010 10 children were killed and 15 others seriously injured when a van packed with students of a local primary school rammed into a train at an unmanned railway crossing near Mianchannu, about 40 kilometres from here, on Wednesday morning.

OTHER MAJOR PROBLEM OF PAKISTAN RAILWAY

Management problem schedule timing, corruption, overloading, uncomfortable, satisfaction level

Pakistan Railway has no Comport at all. Passenger get very tied due to uncomfortable seats It consume more time of their customers. . There is no cleanliness with the rush of people. There is no proper check of tickets in Trains. Train gets too much stops during the Journey. The staff of Pakistan Railway is In-efficient thats they give the tickets of same seat to The 2 customers. Its Shipment facility is not so good. Government not focusing on the Pakistan Railway thats why earning of railway loses as Compared to other transport like buses etc. The expenditure of Pakistan Railway is very high as compare to revenue

FUTURE PLANS

In order to continue improvements and to consolidate reforms, Pakistan Railways is struggling to increase its competitiveness, responsiveness and efficiency. Pakistan Railways is planning to take a series of interlinked initiatives as discussed below, which will enable it to compete effectively in the fast growing transport sector in Pakistan.

Pakistan has already completed prefeasibility study for establishing a rail link with China. This Rail link could further boost trade relations between the two countries by facilitating the already growing trade with China and operations of Gawadar Sea Port
Pakistan Railways has signed contract with Chinese supplier for the maintenance of Chinese locomotives to improve reliability and availability of locomotive. Pakistan Railway is encouraging private sector to bring rolling stock for running of passenger and freight trains by paying track access charges A contract agreement for procurement and manufacturing of 202 Nos. coaches has been signed. 150 Nos. Coaches out of 202 Nos. shall be manufactured in Pakistan Carriage Factory Islamabad from completely knock down kits during next three years

150 Nos. out of 500 Nos. completely knock down (CKD) wagons received from China will be manufactured in Pakistan Railways workshop in Moghalpura this year against the project for Procurement/Manufacture of 530 high capacity wagons Rehabilitation of 400 old coaches is underway with 80 coaches expected to be rehabilitated during the current financial year.

Another ongoing development project is the doubling of tracks from KhanewalRaiwind (246 km Doubling of track will be completed from Chichawatni to Okara stations during the period under review
Pakistan Railways has planned to replace the old and obsolete system in 3 phases. In phase-1, it will be replaced with Fiber Optic cable Transmission System from Peshawar to Karachi and Rohri to Quetta on main line during 2008-2012 covering 2200 kilometers.

Conclusion
The main reason behind all the problems and losses of Pakistan railway is inefficient management. Pakistan railway needs a good leader and a sincere minister who can solve their problems a put their demands in front of government. We notice during an interview that Pakistan railway is not paying any attention towards their problems and they doesnt see any hope that current government will solve their problems.

Suggestion and solution

Introduce e-tickets, for which you just need to carry printout of ticket and a photo-identity of one of the traveler. This was really convenient. Book your ticket in advance and take printout whenever required Replace obsolete existing computer wit new one The service will be further enhanced, as the data will also be available on cell phones through SMS/IVR (interactive voice response) service around the clock Promote education among employees or build knowledge organization Fencing through out the rail tracks Eliminate redundant and ghost employees Improve security throughout the track Qualified top management team Human safety will be improve and accident should be reduced

REFERENCES Mr. Muhammad Naeem khan (SASM) www.epaper.dawn.com www.pakrail.com www.finance.gov.pk