1) What is a database? What is DBMS? A database is a collection of data, typically describing the activities of one or more related organizations.

For example, a university database might contain information about the following: Entities such as students, faculty, courses, and classrooms. Relationships between entities, such as students' enrollment in courses, faculty teaching courses, and the use of rooms for courses. A database management system, or DBMS, is software designed to assist in maintaining and utilizing large collections of data, and the need for such systems, as well as their use, is growing rapidly.

2) Why would you choose a database system instead of simply sorting data in operating system files?

Operating System (OS) files do NOT hold data for your personal use. Any data in an OS file is used STRICTLY by the OS.A database system is used for storing data of any kind. A text file is not stored data, so you wouldn't use a database for THAT. But a dictionary of words used in the text file, along with their definitions, could use a database. A DBMS is a piece of software that is designed to make the preceding tasks easier. By storing data in a DBMS, rather than as a collection of operating system files, we Can use the DBMS's features to manage the data in a robust and efficient manner. As the volume of data and the number of users grow hundreds of gigabytes of data and thousands of users are common in current corporate databases.DBMS support becomes indispensable. 3)What is the difference between Logical Independence and Physical Independence? Logical Data Independence: Logical data independence is the ability to modify the conceptual schema without having alteration in external schemas or application programs. Alterations in the conceptual schema may include addition or deletion of fresh entities, attributes or relationships and should be possible without having alteration to existing external schemas or having to rewrite application programs. Physical Data Independence: Physical data independence is the ability to modify the inner schema without having alteration to the conceptual schemas or application programs. Alteration in the internal schema might include. * Using new storage devices. * Using different data structures.

* Switching from one access method to another. * Using different file organizations or storage structures. * Modifying indexes.

4) What are the different types of languages supported in database?

Stored Database can supported languages, SQL -Structured query language. QL - object-oriented Data log (4D QL) - 4D Query Language. Hibernate Query Language (HQL) - A Java-based tool that uses modified SQL QBE - Query By Language

5)What is meant by data modeling? Data modeling is the formalization and documentation of existing processes and events that occur during application software design and development. Data modelers often use multiple models to view the same data and ensure that all processes, entities, relationships and data flows have been identified. There are several different approaches to data modeling, including: Conceptual Data Modeling - identifies the highest-level relationships between different entities. Enterprise Data Modeling - similar to conceptual data modeling, but addresses the unique requirements of a specific business. Logical Data Modeling - illustrates the specific entities, attributes and relationships involved in a business function. Serves as the basis for the creation of the physical data model. Physical Data Modeling - represents an application and database-specific implementation of a logical data model.

6. Who are the different types of users accessing the database and in what way? Ans: There are 4 types of Database Users ,they are differentiated by the way they expect to interact with the system: Application programmers - Interact with system through DML calls. Sophisticated users Who make queries in a database query language.

Specialized users - Write specialized database applications that do not fit into the traditional data processing framework. Naive users Who use permanent application programs that have been written previously.