Agricultural Sci. J. 42(2)(Suppl.

): 549-552 (2011)

. 42(2)(

): 549-552 (2554)

Osmopriming Germination Enhancement of Pepper Seed by Osmopriming

1 1 1

Charoensrisumphan, N.1, Kaewsorn, P.1 and Chulaka, P.1

Abstract Commercial seedling production of pepper is often found the problems with low seed germination, delayed germination and non-uniformity. Therefore, this research was to study the germination enhancement of pepper seed by osmopriming. Experiments were divided into 2 parts. The experiment 1 was effects of type and concentration of chemical solution on seed quality, which was designed in CRD with 11 treatments followed as: (1) non-soaked seed (control) (2) water (3-5) 0.2, 2 and 3% KNO3 (6-8) 0.01, 0.015 and 0.05% GA3 (9-11) 0.005, 0.01 and 0.015% salicylic acid (SA). Seeds were soaked in the solution for 7 hours. The experiment 2 was effects of chemical solution and seed incubation time on seed quality, which was designed by 4x3 Factorial in CRD. Factor 1 was chemical solutions: 3% KNO3, 0.015% GA3 and 0.015% SA compared with water (control). Seeds were soaked for 7 hours with 45 minutes per hour of aeration. Factor 2 was seed incubation time: 0 1 and 2 days at 25oC and 100% RH. The results from the first experiment showed that seed soaking in 0.015% GA3 tended to gave the highest germination in both laboratory (LAB) and greenhouse (GH) (75.00 and 69.50%, respectively) and shortest mean germination time (MGT) (10.17 days) while non-soaked seed (control) and soaked seed in water had lowest germination (51 and 54%, respectively) and longest MGT (12.26 and 12.67 days, respectively). In the experiment 2, the results revealed that primed seeds in 0.015% GA3 tended to gave highest germination in both LAB and GH (70.50 and 88.16%, respectively) and shortest MGT (9.12 days). Moreover, seed incubating for 1 day gave higher germination and shorter MGT than non-incubation. Keywords: pepper seed, germination, seed priming, seed incubation

CRD (control) (2) (3-5) KNO3 0.2, 2 3% (6-8) GA3 0.01, 0.015 0.015% 7 2 4 x 3 Factorial in CRD 0.015% SA 0.015% (control) 7 01 2 25 1 GA3 0.015% (75.00 69.50% ) (10.17 ) (51 54% ) ) 2 (70.50 88.16% (9.12 ) 1 :
1 1

Osmopriming

11 (1) 0.05% (9-11) SA 0.005, 0.01 KNO3 3%, GA3 45 100% (12.26 GA3 0.015% (control) 12.67

Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok

550

42

2(

2554

(Capsicum sp.) (Poulos, 1993) ( (McDonald, 2000) (Bradford, 1986)

, 2540)

(Bradford, 1986)

Osmopriming

(Varier

, 2010)

1 7 Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 0.2, 2 3% (6-8) GA3 (3-5) KNO3 0.005, 0.01 0.015% 20-30 (ISTA, 2010) 4 (%) ( ) (Ellis Roberts, 1980) 2 4 x 3 Factorial in CRD Salicylic acid (SA) 0.015% (control) 7 50 , 2542) mancozeb 10 100% 01 2 2 ( , 2547) 1 1 25 KNO3 3%, GA3 0.015% 01 2 45 10 25 40 11 (control) (2) 0.01, 0.015 0.05% (9-11) Salicylic acid (SA) Top of paper 4 50 International Seed Testing Association 14 50 (1) 1 ( , 2547)

0.2

100

(Table 1) 0.015% SA 0.015% 75.00 71.50% KNO3 2 3%, SA 0.005 0.01% GA3 0.01% (control) 51.00% 54% - -amylase aleurone (Copeland McDonald, 1995) SA hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) H2O2 , 2007) (Table 1) 0.015% 69.50% 48.00% GA3 0.05 0.015% 9.77 KNO3 0.2% (control)

GA3 GA3 (Harfouche KNO3 2% 10.17

GA3

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551

12.67 12.39

12.26 0.03%

(2550) GA3 0.015% (Table 1) (Table 2) 76.16 70.50% , 88.33 88.16 79.83%

KNO3 0.5%

0.015% 3%

62.33 SA 0.015%

67.00%

(control) GA3 SA 0.015% KNO3 SA KNO3 GA3 0.015% KNO3 3% 86.66% SA 0.015% GA3 1

0.015%

9.99 83.12

9.70 2 83.62%

9.12 81.63 (Table 2)

90.50% 61.50

63.88% (Fujikura 1 hydropriming , 1993) 10.33 2 GA3 KNO3 3% GA3 0.015%

DNA RNA

25 0.015%

9.26 (2547) 1

9.16 3 100% (Figure 1) 1 10.21 10.55 1 GA3 0.015% 10.79 8.40

2 GA3 0.015%

2 GA3 0.015%

SA 0.015% KNO3 3%

GA3 0.015%

, ,

, 2550, , 2542, , 2540, , 2547, ,

. .

KNO3

GA Hydropriming , .

365 , Osmopriming, ,

. Bradford, K.J., 1986, Manipulation of Seed Water Relation via Osmotic Priming To Improve Germination under Stress Condition, HortScience, 21: 1105-1112.

Hydropriming,

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Copeland, L.O. and McDonald, M.B., 1995, Seed Science and Technology, Chapman & Hill, New York. Ellis, R.H. and Roberts, D.J., 1980, The Influence of Temperature and Moisture on Seed Viability Period in Barley (Hordeum distichum L.), Ann. Bot., 45: 31-37. Fujikura, Y., Kraak, H.L., Basra, A.S. and Karssen, C.M., 1993, Hydropriming a Simple and Inexpensive Priming Method, Seed Science and Technology, 21: 369-642. Harfouche, A.L., Rugini, E., Mencarelli, F., Botondi, R. and Muleo, R., 2007, Salicylic Acid Induces H2O2 Production and Endochitinase Gene Expression but not Ethylene Biosynthesis in Castanea sativa in vitro Model System, Journal of Plant Physiology, 165: 734-744. International Seed Testing Association, 2010, International Rules for Seed Testing, Bassersdorf, Switzerland. McDonald, M.B., 2000, Seed Priming, Seed Technology and Its Biological Basic, Sheffield Academic Press, England, pp. 287-325. Poulos, J.M., 1993, Pepper Breeding, Breeding of Solanaceous and Cole Crops, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Tainan, Taiwan, pp. 85-151. Varier, A., Vari, A.K. and Dadlani, M., 2010, The Subcellular Basic of Seed Priming, Current Science, 99: 450-456.
12 10 10.55ab 10.21abc10.79a 9.93cde 9.78bcd 9.26ef 9.40def 8.82fg 8.40g 8.75fg 9.13ef 10.05bcd

MGT (day)

8 6 4 2 0

Water (control)

Water (control)

Water (control)

0.015% GA3

0.015% GA3

0.015% GA3

3% KNO3

3% KNO3

3% KNO3

Non-incubation

0.015 % SA

Incubation for 1 day Treatment

0.015 % SA

Incubation for 2 days

Figure 1 Mean germination time (MGT) of pepper seeds after priming with different chemical solution and incubation times
Table 1 The effects of type and concentration of chemical solution on seed quality Treatment Control Water 0.2% KNO3 2% KNO3 3% KNO3 0.01% GA3 0.015% GA3 0.05% GA3 0.005 % SA 0.01 % SA 0.015 % SA F-test C.V. (%)
1/Mean in the

Table 2 Effects of chemical solution and seed incubation time on seed quality Factor Solution (A) Water (control) 3% KNO3 0.015% GA3 0.015% SA F-test LAB germination (%) GH germination (%) MGT (Day) 76.16a1/ 67.00bc 70.50ab 62.33c ** 88.33a 86.66a 88.16a 79.83b ** 83.12b 90.50a 83.62b ** ns 6.10 9.70ab 9.54b 9.12c 9.99a ** 10.33a 9.26b 9.16b ** ** 4.36

LAB germination (%) GH germination (%) MGT (Day) 51.00d1/ 54.00c 56.00bcd 65.00abc 66.00abc 63.00abcd 75.00a 57.00bcd 67.50ab 67.50ab 71.50a ** 12.79 60.00 54.50 63.50 48.00 50.50 63.00 69.50 65.00 60.00 59.50 62.00 ns 18.11 12.26ab 12.67a 12.39a 11.72b 10.85c 10.44cd 10.17de 9.77e 10.95c 10.98c 10.98c ** 3.44

Incubation time (B) non-incubation 61.50b incubation 1 day incubation 2 days F-test AxB C.V. (%)
1/

81.63a 63.88b ** ns 9.98

same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at p 0.01 by DMRT

Mean in the same column follow by the same letter are not significantly different at p 0.01 by DMRT ns = Nonsignificant

ns = Non significant

0.015 % SA