To Prepare A Route Map On Environmental Mapping and Strategy For Iocl

Environmental Mapping and Strategy for IOCL 2010
SUBMITTE D TO IOCL
TO PREPARE A ROUTE MAP ON ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPING AND STRATEGY FOR IOCL
SUBMITTED BY
ABHISHEK MOZA
Project Guide: - Mr. S. Kaul. DGM (SH&E)

S
ABHISHEK MOZA
Environmental Mapping and Strategy for IOCL 2010 2010

Indian Ltd. Oil corporation
ABHISHEK MOZA
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THIS ASSIGNMENT THIS WILL ADDRESS THE ISSUE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND WILL GIVE MANAGEMENT A ROUTE MAP TO IDENTIFY, MEASURE AND MONITOR THE ENVIRONMENT INDICATORS ABHISHEK MOZA EASILY AND WILL CONCENTRATE ON ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPING THAT INTEGRATES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT INTO OVERALL BUSINESS PLANS AND STRATEGIES. THIS WILL HELP TO IDENTIFY KEY ENVIRONMENTAL DRIVERS, SET TARGETS IN KEY FOCUS AREAS AND IDENTIFY PROJECTS AND ACTIONS TO ACHIEVE THESE TARGETS
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At the very outset, I would like to take the opportunity to thank the people without whose support the project would have been impossible. I express my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Surrendra Kaul (DGM SHE, IOCL), who let me prove myself. I emphatically express my profound thank and heartfelt gratitude to my mentor Mr. Sanjay Dam for their valuable guidance, timely suggestions and constant encouragement during the entire course of my training.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART A: - INTODUCTION
CHAPTER I: -INTRODUCTION AND CONTENT OF THE DOCUMENT ..................... 8
SECTION 1.1: - BACKGROUND ........................................................................................ 8 SECTION 1.2: - SUSTAINABILITY ...................................................................................10 SECTION 2.5: - Sustainability requires ........................................................................10 section 1.3: - Purpose and objective ...............................................................................10 section 1.4: - scope ............................................................................................................... 12 Section 1.5: - Study approach ...........................................................................................13
PART B: - UNDERSTANDING FOOTPRINTING chapter 3 : - Water footprinting ......................... 14

SECTION 3.1: -Origins ....................................................................................................... 14 SECTION 3.2: - Scope and structure ............................................................................15 SECTION 3.3: - Approaches to Accounting for Industrial Effluent and Water Quality......................................................................................................................................17
CAPTER.4: - Carbon Accounting ...................... 19

SECTION 4.1: - Greenhouse gases ................................................................................. 19 Section 4.2 Sources of CO2 emissions in oil and gas industry ......................... 20 section 4.3Refining Sector -GHG emissions ............................................................... 21 5
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chapter 5 Ecological footprinting ...................... 21 chapter 6 Understanding biodiversity ............. 22 chapter 7 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE AGENDA ............................................................. 23
PART C: - ORGANIZATION PROFILE

Chapter 2: - About IOCl ..................................... 25
Section 2.1: - History and Origin....................................................................................25 Section 2.2: - Present Profile .......................................................................................... 26 Section 2.3: - Awards and Distinctions ...................................................................... 29 Section 2.4: - Sustainability an important element for iocl ................................ 30 section 2.5 Some major areas where sustainability plays an important role for iocl .....................................................................................................................................32
PART D: - MANAGEMENT
Chapter 4: - Route map for IOCL ...................... 35
Section 4.1: -Environmental business planning a step by step approach ....... 35
CHAPTER 5: - Understanding regulatory framework and legal setting .............................. 37

SECTION 5.1: - India's National Action Plan on Climate Change ......................37 6
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SECTION 5.2: - Global Climate Change: THREE Policy Perspectives ............. 40 SECTION 5.3: - Bali Action Plan.................................................................................... 41 SECTION 5.4: -Political outcomes from previous sessions of the COP .......... 41 SECTION 5.5: - Copenhagen Accord .......................................................................... 42
Chapter 6:- Operation and Procedure .............. 43

Section 6.1: - Measure and evaluate organization environment performance .................................................................................................................................................. 43
PART E: - STRATEGY FRAMEWORK

Chapter 7: - strategy and recomdations ........... 65
Section 7.1: - GAP analysis .............................................................................................. 65 Section 7.2: - framework for strategy development .................................... 66 Section 7.3: - recommendation and suggestions ..................................................... 67
Section 7.4 Suggested Strategies to improve environmental management.............................. 68 Section 7.5 Business development: - New business areas in environment management .. 68 APPENDIX 1 REFERENCES ............................. 70 Appendix 2 footprinting .................................... 74
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Appendix 3: - environmental programmes and opportunities ..................................................... 760
PART A: - OVERVIEW
CHAPTER I: -INTRODUCTION AND CONTENT OF THE DOCUMENT SECTION 1.1: - BACKGROUND
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Awareness of the importance of environmental issues has become more and more central to the thinking of the oil and gas industry. Oil and gas operations have the potential for the variety of impacts on the environment. These impacts depend upon the stage of the process, the size and complexity of the project, the nature and sensitivity of the surrounding environment and the effectiveness of the planning, pollution control and prevention, mitigation and adaptative strategies and techniques and the technology advancement. The primary sources of atmospheric emissions from oil and gas operations arise from: flaring, venting and purging gases; combustion processes such as diesel engines and gas turbines; fugitive gases from loading operations and tankage and losses from process equipment; Airborne particulates from soil disturbance during construction and from vehicle traffic; and Particulates from other burning sources, such as well testing.
The principal aqueous waste streams resulting from exploration and production operations are: produced water; drilling fluids, cuttings and well treatment chemicals; process, wash and drainage water; sewerage, sanitary and domestic wastes; spills and leakage; and Cooling water. Terrestrial impacts Potential impacts to soil arise from three basic sources: physical disturbance as a result of construction; contamination resulting from spillage and leakage or solid waste disposal; and Indirect impact arising from opening access and social change. Ecosystem impacts Plant and animal communities may also be directly affected by changes in their environment through variations in water, air and soil/sediment quality and through disturbance by noise, extraneous light and changes in vegetation cover. Such changes may directly affect the ecology: for example, habitat, food and nutrient supplies, breeding areas, migration routes, vulnerability to predators or changes in herbivore grazing patterns, which may then have a secondary effect on predators. Soil disturbance and removal of vegetation and secondary effects such as erosion and siltation may have an impact on ecological integrity, and may lead to indirect effects by upsetting nutrient balances and microbial activity in the soil. If not properly controlled, a potential long-term effect is loss of habitat which affects both fauna and flora, and may induce changes in species composition and primary production cycles. Measures of progress need to consider implications for social justice and the environment, as well as promoting responsible economic progress. Sustainable development offers a new model which fulfils these requirements. Weak sustainability, which asserts that it is possible to improve both material wellbeing and environmental quality through appropriate development strategies, In the form of ecological modernisation, this reflects a belief that, instead of a zero-sum trade-off between the environment and the economy, continued economic prosperity and improvements in living standards are dependent on the promotion of higher environment standards. On this basis, adoption of sustainable development as a
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goal, and the use of indicators of sustainable development to measure progress towards this goal, should enhance current performance measures and generate better development pathways
SECTION 1.2: - SUSTAINABILITY
Development that meets the needs and aspirations of present generations without compromising the ability to meet those of future generations is called sustainability. Increasing durability of biological resources. Integration of environmental policy in all sectors. No trade off-but both economic & environmental development. The exact model of development depends on particular conditions of each company.
It is an area in which ecological integrity and basic human needs are concurrently maintained over generations. Ecological integrity means maintaining near natural conditions in 4 broad areas-soil, water, biodiversity & productivity. The condition of soil can be measured by the amount of soil erosion. Quantity of water depends on average local rainfall and area and fish diversity is a good indicator for water quality. Natural biodiversity is the number of native species in each group; for example, trees, shrubs, birds, mammals etc. Near natural productivity indicates a level that would prevail if the whole landscape had native eco-systems
SECTION 2.5: - SUSTAINABILITY REQUIRES
Harvesting rates within the regenerative capacity of the eco-system. Waste emission and disposal within the assimilative capacity of the eco-system. Rate of non-renewable resource exploitation to be equal to creation of renewable substitutes. It will also involve enhancing the quality of life supporting services
SECTION 1.3: - PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE
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Various phases and steps are involved in the whole procedure which we will see in subsequent work. The Oil & Gas Sector has a variety of impacts on the environment. These impacts depends upon the stage of the process, the size and complexity of the project, the nature and sensitivity of the surrounding environment and the effectiveness of planning, pollution prevention, mitigation and control techniques. The purpose and objective of this assignment is to ensure activities that are likely to have impacts on the environment are properly assessed and managed. To provides a structure in which the organization addresses environmental issues for allocating resources properly To provide organization with the proper route map to measure environmental performance. Assigning responsibilities, and evaluating practices, procedures and processes for developing, implementing, achieving, Reviewing and maintaining the Environmental policy and legal setting of the company. Determine continued relevance of the scheme in the context of the National and international Environment Policy and legal setting. Improve the quality of implementation and enhance the efficiency and accountability of the delivery mechanism. To suggest rationalization of the existing activities and to provide a road map for further improvement by redesigning/reorganizing of the existing divisional structure created for major activities of IOCL. Process involves - verifications of documents, reports, methodologies, project operations practices, interviews with key personnel in the organization etc. Review of operations and existing management systems Identification of strengths and weaknesses To assess environmental performance To create environmental awareness and act as a watch dog To evaluate efficiency of organizational operations and practices To oversee optimal use of resource utilization particularly with reference to environmental and natural capital To identify areas of risk and provide recommendations to mitigate the same.
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SECTION 1.4: - SCOPE The study will highlight the importance of strengthening institutions for environment management in sustaining and accelerating company's strong growth performance. Specifically, it analyzes and identifies opportunities in sustainable development and capacity building measures to strengthen monitoring and enforcement of environmental compliance and enhances environmental performance. It proposes a program of specific actions to significantly increase the capacity of external environment in which an organization functions and communities to match the growing demands of economic growth and public awareness. Importantly, the study will follow a highly consultative process, which will identify threats and opportunities ,environmentally sound technologies and practices by calculating company s Max rate of resource consumption and waste discharge and challenges in technology to balance sustainable economic growth It concentrates on Environmental Business Planning (EBP) that integrates environmental improvement into overall business plans and strategies. The businesses use EBP to identify key environmental drivers, set targets in key focus areas and identify projects and actions to achieve these targets. This will start with brief introduction of the company followed by the definition of sustainability and sustainability according to IOCL. The project will comprise of four phases namely: Understanding Policy and Legal setting Measure and Evaluate Company's Environmental performance GAP Analysis and Areas to Work Develop Strategies This study covers impact on following: Air Water Energy Land Waste
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Ecology Followed by this we will analyze and calculate the emissions from various practices by calculating company s Max rate of resource consumption and waste discharge, this will require data collection regarding Sourcing, resource Consumption, areas of consumption, pollutants generated, waste generated, waste treatment failures, effluent quantity and other details of the organization. This will help us for GAP analysis and will provide us vision to focus on challenges in technology to balance sustainable economic growth and to develop strategies for mitigation and adaption. This will address the issue of sustainable development and will give management a route map to identify, measure, monitor environmental performance. SECTION 1.5: - STUDY APPROACH
ENERGY WATER
MATERIAL
EMISIONS ,EFFLULENTS AND WASTES
BIODIVERSITY 13
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PART B: -UNDERSTANDING FOOTPRINTING

CHAPTER 3 : - WATER FOOTPRINTING
SECTION 3.1: -ORIGINS
Water footprinting a methodology introduced in 2002 and developed primarily by researchers at the University of Twente measures the total annual volume of freshwater used to produce the goods and services consumed by any well-defined group of consumers, including a family, village, city, province, state, nation, and more recently, a business or its products. Water footprints are intended to allow these entities to better understand their relationship with watersheds, make informed management decisions, and spread awareness of water challenges worldwide. Throughout this decade, the water footprinting method has been further refined, beginning to incorporate ways to achieve more reliable and spatiallyand temporally-explicit data and better account for water quality and impacts, among other things. The most widely used and accepted metrics for sustainability reporting are developed by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). GRIs most recent reporting framework known as the G3 Guidelines contains indicators for the economic, environmental, and social performance of companies, including five specifically focusing on water-related issues: 1. Total water withdrawal by source 2. Water sources significantly affected by withdrawal of water 3. Percentage and total volume of water recycled and reused 4. Total water discharge by quality and destination 5. Identity, size, protected status, and biodiversity value of water bodies and related habitats significantly affected by the organizations discharge of water and runoff.
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SECTION 3.2: - SCOPE AND STRUCTURE
The water footprint of a business is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used directly or indirectly to run and support the business. The volumes of freshwater use are measured at the place where the actual production and water use takes place. When a business runs at different locations, it is thus preferred to schematize the overall business into business units in such a way that individual business units operate at one location. Besides, operations of a business at one particular spot are preferably schematized in different business units each producing its own product. The water footprint of the business as a whole consists of the sum of the water footprints of the different business units. The water footprint of a business unit is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used, directly and indirectly, to produce the products and services of that unit expressed in terms of the volume of freshwater use per year. The water footprint of a business unit consists of two parts: the operational water footprint and the supply-chain water footprint. The first refers to the amount of freshwater used at a specific business unit, i.e. the direct freshwater use. The second refers to the amount of freshwater used to produce all the goods and services that form the input of production at the specific business unit, i.e. the indirect water use. Freshwater use consists of three different components: the green, blue and grey component. Key Term Water footprinting: - The water footprint of a business unit is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used, directly and indirectly, to produce the products and services of that unit expressed in terms of the volume of freshwater use per year. Types The green component of the water footprint refers to the volume of rainwater that evaporated during the production process. This is mainly relevant for agricultural products (e.g. crops or trees), where it refers to the total rainwater evapotranspiration during crop growth (from fields and plants). The blue component of the water footprint refers to the volume of surface and groundwater evaporated as a result of the production of the product or service. For example, for crop production, the blue component is defined as the sum of the evaporation of irrigation water from the field and the evaporation of water from irrigation canals and artificial storage reservoirs. For industrial production or services, the blue component is defined as the amount of water withdrawn from ground- or surface water that does not return to the system from which it came. The grey component of the water footprint is the volume of polluted water that associates with the production of goods and services. It is quantified as the volume of water that is required to dilute pollutants to such an extent that the quality of the ambient water remains above agreed water quality standards.
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The green and blue components of a water footprint focus on consumptive water use (i.e. the volume of water removed from local water system by evaporation, inclusion in a product, water transfer, or otherwise). They do not include those uses of water that are eventually returned to the same system from which they are withdrawn (i.e. non-consumptive uses). To the degree to which non-consumptive water use is addressed, it is done within the grey water component. Corporate water footprints measure the total volume of water used directly and indirectly to run and support a business. They are typically scoped to focus at the product level (i.e., volume of water used throughout a products life cycle), but can also focus on one or more components of a companys value chain (e.g. raw material production, manufacturing, distribution), on a business activity or division, or by a key facility or region of operation. Corporate water footprints are meant to be divided between their operational and supply chain components; however, comprehensive assessments of water use in a companys supply chain through water footprinting are not widely practiced to date due to the difficulty in obtaining data for
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large supplier networks. The inclusion of spatially- and temporally-explicit data is deemed critical for allowing companies to better understand their relationship to the contexts in which they operate. The green-blue distinction is helpful because these two types of water use have substantially different potential risks and impacts on the surrounding environment. Blue water use directly depletes aquifers and surface waters thereby potentially contributing to water scarcity, destruction of ecosystems, and/or reduced access among human communities, among other things. There is often competition for blue water among many users, sometimes leading to business risks when corporate water use hinders or is perceived to hinder - other uses. To mitigate blue water impacts and associated risks, companies might improve their water use efficiency or engage with affected parties to improve their access to water services. In contrast, the impacts and mitigation strategies for green water use are typically related to land use change rather than infringement upon other water uses. These land use changes for instance the conversion of forests to arable lands - clearly affect ecosystem function (e.g., habitat and biodiversity) as well as communities access to resources (e.g., timber). As such, companies consider the distinction between green and blue water useful in helping them understand the types of impacts their agricultural production might have on surrounding ecosystems and communities. The distinction between green and blue is also perceived as useful in its capacity to assess long-term risks related to climate change. Climate change is predicted to have drastic impacts on the hydrologic cycle and the availability of water for human uses. Precipitation patterns will begin to change on a regional basis, often becoming less or more frequent and more concentrated depending on the location. This has many implications for blue water resources (e.g. infrastructures ability to cope with longer droughts), but is particularly problematic for those who rely on green water. Less frequent rainfall will ultimately mean less green water stored in the soil. Because of this, those who rely solely on green water use (namely agricultural growers in the Global South who do not have access to irrigation) will simply not be able to sustain crop production through long droughts. This of course poses business risks for companies who rely on those growers as suppliers or utilize the majority of blue water in that same region to the extent that it is unavailable for those growers. For this reason, the green-blue water distinction in conjunction with climate change prediction models has helped companies better assess which of their water uses may be most susceptible to disruptions due to climate change.
SECTION 3.3: - APPROACHES TO ACCOUNTING FOR INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT AND WATER QUALITY
Though water quantity has received much of the focus of water management practices and accounting, water quality is equally important to businesses and the ecosystems and communities near their facilities. Untreated water can lead to increased incidence of disease. Highly-contaminated water can lead to the destruction of habitat and decreased biodiversity. Cloudy water decreases light penetration and reduces the productivity of plant systems and ecosystems as a whole. Unclean water can make drinking water supplies unfit for drinking. For these reasons, companies have just as great a stake in accounting for and improving their impacts on water quality as they do in accounting for water quantity. As the previous section demonstrated, accounting for water use/quantity is quite complex and requires meshing a number of different factors in order to be credible and meaningful. That said, accounting for industrial effluent and its impacts on water resources is arguably even more complex and problematic from an accounting perspective. This complexity is due to the many different types of pollutants coming
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from industrial plants and agriculture (e.g. phosphates, nitrates, mercury, lead, oils, sulfur, petrochemicals, undiluted corrosives, and hard metals, just to name a few), the variety of ways water quality can be compromised (i.e., contaminant loads, temperature, odor, turbidity), and the various approaches to accounting for the resulting impacts to ecosystems and communities. Measurable water quality characteristics can be grouped into three broad categories: Physical characteristics (e.g. temperature, turbidity/light penetration, and flow velocity), Chemical characteristics (e.g. pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, Biological oxygen demand [BOD], toxics, chemical oxygen demand [COD]), and Biological characteristics (e.g. abundance of coliform bacteria, zooplankton, and other organisms that serve as an indicator of ecosystem health). Companies aiming to account for their water pollution and its effects on water quality must determine a range of factors including the volume of wastewater they discharge, the types and loads of pollutants within that wastewater, the effects of those pollutants on local waterways, and the impacts of those changes on ecosystem function and human health/access to safe water. Dilution Water and the Grey Water Footprint Water footprints deal with industrial effluents and water quality exclusively within the grey water component. The grey WF is calculated as the volume of water that is required to dilute pollutants to such an extent that the quality of the water remains above agreed water quality standards. Whether this water is discharged back to surface or ground water, it is considered used because it is unavailable for use due to the fact that it is functioning in-stream as a dilution medium. For this reason, the grey WF is a theoretical volume, rather than a real volume as compared to the blue and green WF. The methodology for determining the grey WF is perhaps the least developed of the three WF components. In fact, many corporate WF studies to this point do not include a grey water component. Those that do include grey water have done so in different ways. However, they all utilize some permutation of the same basic equation:
For total corporate grey water footprints: WFgrey of business m3 =

Standards
Load
Direct Assessment of Contaminant Load into Waterways / LCA Approach to Water Quality
In the context of pollution, LCA methods are aimed at a number of different environmental impact categories independent of whether the emissions occur to water or to some other medium. The most common impacts associated with water quality in LCA are: Eutrophication (overgrowth of algae due to excess nutrient addition) Acidification due to emissions of acidifying substances, (mostly into the air) Ecotoxicity Human toxicity These impact categories are measured in terms of equivalents of eutrophication potential (phosphorus or nitrogen units), acidification potential (hydrogen ion or sulfur dioxide units), and ecotoxicity potential (cubic meter-years). Because these units are not the same, these impacts cannot be added up without a value judgment for normalization and weighting of the impacts, for example as is done for eco-indicators or end-point indicators.
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CAPTER.4: - CARBON ACCOUNTING
A carbon footprint is a measure of the green house gas emissions attributed to a company, product or service. When looked at in its widest sense, the totality of a footprint can be vast; encompassing direct emissions from fuels used, indirect emissions from employee travel or even upstream emissions from suppliers or downstream from customer activities.
Key Term Carbon Footprinting : -A carbon footprint is a measure of the greenhouse gas emissions associated with an activity, group of activities or a product. Types LEVEL 1 (SCOPE 1) DIRECT EMISSIONS FROM ACTIVITIES THE COMPANY CONTROLS Direct emissions normally result from burning fossil fuels, which emit CO2, such as the oil used to heat the premises or the gas used to provide hot water. Some companies directly release CO2 in processes like fermentation while some emit other greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). LEVEL 2 (SCOPE 2) EMISSIONS FROM THE USE OF ELECTRICITY Electricity is essential for companies to power lighting and equipment. LEVEL 3 (SCOPE2) INDIRECT EMISSIONS FROM PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Emissions generated upstream each time a company buys a product or service and downstream when products it sells are used and disposed of, can indirectly be attributed to them. While upstream and downstream emissions are part of a complete carbon footprint, calculating them can be extremely complex.
SECTION 4.1: - GREENHOUSE GASES
Greenhouse gases affect the ability of the earths atmosphere to retain heat. Higher greenhouse gas concentrations in the earths atmosphere causes global warming through this greenhouse effect. The Kyoto protocol, which originated at the 3rd Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Climate Change in 1997, has identified six greenhouse gases whose atmospheric concentrations are strongly influenced by human activity. The most important of these is carbon dioxide (CO2). The global warming potential (GWP) of each greenhouse gas can be expressed in CO2 equivalents (see table). For gases with a high global warming potential, a relatively small emission can have a considerable impact.
Kyoto gas
GWP*
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Example sources
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) 1 23 Burning fossil fuels Cattle, landfill sites, leaks from disused mines, burning fossil fuels.
International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that on an average about 10% of petroleum related GHG emissions are from oil Industry operations (Exploration, production, refining and distribution)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
296 22,200 4,800 9,200 12-12,000
Emissions from fertilized soils, burning fossil fuels. Leaks from electrical and electronics industries. Electronics industries, fire extinguishers Leaks from air conditioning and refrigeration systems. LPG storage.
*Note: the global warming potential of a gas is its relative potential contribution to climate change over a 100 year period, where CO2 = 1 Source: IPCC (2001)
SECTION 4.2 SOURCES OF CO2 EMISSIONS IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
By Fuel
Fuel Gas Residual oil FCC coke Natural Gas As a fuel As a feedstock to hydrogen unit Re-gassed LPG
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By Application
Process heaters To heat feeds to process units Boilers Generate steam for process heat, distillation and electricity generation via Gas turbines To drive compressors and electric generators Co-generation steam turbines
SECTION 4.3REFINING SECTOR -GHG EMISSIONS
Direct GHG emissions are the Stationary Combustion sources comprised of direct-fired heaters, boilers, flares and other sources, Vented sources such as process maintenance/turnaround events vents, storage tank losses, equipment venting from
Fugitive sources such as equipment component losses, wastewater treatment, and cooling towers. Indirect GHG emissions are Indirect emissions from energy imports, or include electricity consumption from power imported from the grid or a third party supplier. Other Indirect GHG emissions are Crude loading, ballasting, feedstock and product transport, Off-site catalyst regeneration, Off-site waste disposal/landfill operations.
CHAPTER 5 ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTING
It measures the impact of human activity upon nature. The footprint expresses the land area that is required to feed, provide resources, produce energy, assimilate waste, and to re-absorb its CO2 output from fossil fuels through photosynthesis. Based on this relationship between humanity and the biosphere, an ecological footprint is a measurement of the land area required to sustain a population of any size. Under prevailing technology, it measures the amount of arable land and aquatic resources that must be used to continuously sustain a population, based on its consumption levels at a given point in time. To the fullest extent possible, this measurement incorporates water and energy use, uses of land for infrastructure and different forms of agriculture, forests, and all other forms of energy and material "inputs". To obtain a disturbance-based ecological footprint, each area of land is multiplied by its land condition factor. For example take 100-hectare area that includes a road (5 ha), a quarry (5 ha), cleared land (75 a), and some less intensively cleared (thinned) land (15 ha). In the original ecological footprint calculation, these areas would all be treated as equivalent, and simply be added. In a disturbance-based approach, however, each area would be weighted with a land condition factor (see Fig. 3), yielding 5 ha 1.0 = 5 ha disturbance on built land, 5 ha 0.8 = 4 ha on mined land, 75 ha 0.6 = 45 ha on cleared land and 15 ha 0.4 = 6 ha on thinned land.
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Key Term Types
Ecological Footprinting:- is defined as the land area For the purposes of the ecological footprint calculation, that would be needed to meet the consumption of a land and sea area is divided into four basic types: population and to absorb all their waste 1) Bioproductive land, 2) Bioproductive sea, 3) Energy land (forested land and sea area required for the absorption of carbon emissions) and 4) Built land (buildings, roads, etc). Further classification Consumption is divided into 5 categories: 1) Infrastructure, 2) Resource, 3) Transportation, 4) consumer goods, and 5) services Basic weighting factors for land use, reflecting land condition to 1) CONSUMED Built 2) DEGRADED Degraded pasture or crop land Mined land 3) REPLACED Cleared pasture and crop land Non-native plantations 4) SIGNIFICANTLY DISTURBED Thinned pasture Urban parks and gardens Native plantations 5) PARTIALLY DISTURBED Partially disturbed grazing land 6) SLIGHTLY DISTURBED Reserves and unused Crown land Slightly disturbed grazing land Land condition 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4
0.2 0.0
CHAPTER 6 UNDERSTANDING BIODIVERSITY
Species to the diversity of ecosystems and landscapes: understanding biodiversity means first of all identifying, listing and classifying the biological entities that make it u. In addition it also means analyzing genetic structure of their population, recreating the history of evolutionary lineages and understanding the effects and scope of phenotypic plasticity. Biodiversity provides us with a host of raw materials, foods and medicines and is the basis for the life support system of our planet by, for example, underpinning the continued availability of clean air and fresh water. Interwoven with these functional aspects are spiritual, cultural and recreational elements. Key term Types Biodiversity: In simple terms biological diversity, or 1) Genetic diversity, which can refer to the biodiversity, is the variability among living diversity of genes within a single species as organisms from all sources including terrestrial, well as between species. marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the 2) Taxonomic diversity, based of course on ecological complexes of which they are part; this the different taxa contained within an
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includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. The actions required to the successful conservation of biodiversity typically entail preservation, species and habitat management, sustainable utilization, restoration and/or enhancement. The development and enforcement of legislation and regulation, and education and capacity building are also elements of the conservation process. ecosystem. 3) Functional diversity, which recognizes the variety of roles that different organisms including the separate life stages of individual species play in the ecosystem. Biological and chemical processes of functions such as energy flow and matter cycling needed for the survival of species and biological communities
Genetic diversity is the raw material that permits species to adjust to a changing world whether these changes are due to natural factors or are caused by human factors. It refers to the variation at the level of individual genes and provides a mechanism for populations to adapt to their ever-changing environment. Genetic diversity becomes especially important in the context of climate change and other local or global environmental shifts, since it plays a critical role in determining how communities will adapt to stress. If the components of an ecological community have sufficient genetic breadth to adapt, then the community structure will be relatively robust and will probably survive with little change. However, if the community is stressed then it is likely that genetic breadth will be reduced and only those individuals optimally suited to current conditions will be present, and these are the ones that will be most affected by environmental changes. Taxonomic diversity is probably the most widely recognized form of biodiversity, but it may also be the least meaningful. It can be defined in many ways, but basically it involves identifying the number of different taxa (usually at the species level) and possibly weighting them by the abundance of individuals. Calculations of taxonomic biodiversity tend to be limited by the taxonomic expertise available, especially at lower tropic levels whales are easy to classify, but nematode taxonomists are in short supply. There is a tendency to lump some of the more confusing taxa together at the genus or higher level, which introduces a degree of arbitrariness to the calculations. Functional diversity refers to the diversity of ecological processes that maintain and are dependent upon the other components of diversity. Functional diversity includes the many ecological interactions among species e.g. competition, predation, parasitism, mutualism, etc. as well as ecological processes such as nutrient retention and recycling. It also includes the varying tempos and intensities of natural disturbances that many species and communities require if they are to persist.
CHAPTER 7 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN THE AGENDA
The global community will rely heavily on oil and gas supplies for the foreseeable future. World primary energy consumption in 1994 stood at nearly 8000 million tonnes of oil equivalents (BP Statistical Review
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of World Energy, June 1995); oil and gas represented 63 per cent of world energy supply, with coal
providing 27 per cent, nuclear energy 7 per cent and hydro-electric 3 per cent. The challenge is to meet world energy demands, whilst minimizing adverse impact on the environment by conforming to current good practice The various disparate environmental problems that had for many years been addressed individually were put into a general global context during UNCED, and Agenda 21 is also remarkable for its explicit mention of key actors and roles. The role of the business sector is out-lined, as is partnership building between the private sector and governments
Protecting the atmosphere Managing land sustainably Combating deforestation Combating desertification and drought Sustainable mountain development Sustainable agriculture and rural development Conservation of biological diversity Management of biotechnology Protecting and managing the oceans Protecting and managing fresh water Safer use of toxic chemicals Managing hazardous wastes Managing solid wastes and sewage Managing radioactive wastes
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PART C: - ORGANIZATION PROFILE AND VIEWS

CHAPTER 2: - ABOUT IOCL
SECTION 2.1: - HISTORY AND ORIGIN
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IndianOil) was formed in 1964 through the merger of Indian Oil Company Ltd and Indian Refineries Ltd. Indian Refineries Ltd was formed in 1958, with Feroze Gandhi as Chairman and Indian Oil Company Ltd. was established on 30th June 1959 with Mr S. Nijalingappa as the first Chairman. In 1964, Indian Oil commissioned Barauni Refinery and the first petroleum product pipeline from Guwahati. In 1965, Gujarat Refinery was inaugurated. In 1967, Haldia Baraurii Pipeline (HBPL) was commissioned. In 1972, Indian Oil launched SERVO, the first indigenous lubricant. In 1974, Indian Oil Blending Ltd. (IOBL) became the wholly owned subsidiary of Indian Oil. In 1975, Haldia Refinery was commissioned. In 1981, Digboi Refinery and Assam Oil Company's (AOC) marketing operations came under the control of Indian Oil. In 1982, Mathura Refinery and Mathura-Jalandhar Pipeline (MJPL) were commissioned. In 1994, India's First Hydrocracker Unit was commissioned at Gujarat Refinery. In 1995, 1,443 km. long Kandla-Bhatinda Pipeline (KBPL) was commissioned at Sanganer. In 1998, Panipat Refinery was commissioned. In the same year, Haldia, Barauni Crude Oil Pipeline (HBCPL) was completed. In 2000, Indian Oil crossed the turnover of Rs l ,00,000 crore and became the first Corporate in India to do so. In the same year Indian Oil entered into Exploration & Production (E&P) with the award of two exploration blocks to Indian Oil and ONGC consortium under NELP-I. In 2003, Lanka IOC Pvt. Ltd. (LIOC) was launched in Sri Lanka. In 2005, Indian Oil's Mathura Refinery became the first refinery in India to attain the capability of producing entire quantity of EuroIII compliant diesel.
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SECTION 2.2: - PRESENT PROFILE IndianOil in every heart, in every part perfectly encapsulates the expanse, reach and depth of IndianOil today. In the fifty one years of its existence, IndiaOil has grown to be role model for other corporates, displaying high standards of professionalism while at the same time meeting its social economic and environmental objectives effectively. It is the vision and dynamism of the top leadership and the passion, zeal and hard work of the employees down the line that made it possible for IndianOil to emerge as a shining star of the Indian Public Sector. From a fledgling company with a net worth of just Rs. 45.18 crore and sales of 1.38 million tones valued at Rs.78 crore in the year 1965, IndianOil has since grown over 3000 times with sales turnover of Rs. 285,337 crores, the highest ever for an Indian company , and a net profit of Rs. 2,950 crore for 200809. IndianOil controls 10 of Indias 20 refineries. The group refineries capcity is 60.2 MMTPA the largest share among refining companies in india. In petrocmicals IndianOil is investing Rs. 30,000 crores (US$ 7.4 billion) by the year 2011 12. Through the worlds largest single train Linear Alkly Benzene (LAB) plant with an annual capacity of 1, 20,000 tonnes set up at its Gujarat Refinery. A world class scale paraxylene/purified Terephthalic Acid plat (annual capacity : PX- 3,63,000 tonnes, PTA 5,53,000 tonnes ) for polyester intermediated is already in operation at Panipat , while a Naphtha Cracker with a capacity of 800,000 of ethylene per annum , equipped with downstream polymer units
I
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In E&P, IndianOil has bagged eight oil & gas and two Coal Bed Methane blocks under NELP rounds in India, in consortium with other companies. In natural gas business IndianOil targeted sales of 2 million tonnes in 2008-09. A technology innovation has been initiated to reach LNG directly to the door step of bulk consumers in cryogenic containers for industrial as well as captive power application. IndianOil acquired IBP in the year 2002 and seamlessly merged it with the parent company in 2007, leading to the formation of a larger and more midable marketing network. Against the backdrop of a rapidly changing business environment, IndianOil is focusing on certain key issues for sustained growth in the deregulated market. These are prudent finance and project management, optimum capacity utilization of refineries and pipelines network, competitive business strategies, customer- focused innovations in product and service offerings streamlining of business processes, and achieving greater synergy with group companies for enhanced efficiency and effectiveness in the market place. To straddle the complete bio-fuel value chain, IndianOil formed a joint venture with the Chhattisgarh Renewable Development Authority (CREDA) with an equity holding of 74% and 26% respectively. Indian Oil has forayed into wind energy with the commissioning of a 130 crore, 21 MW wind power project in the Kutch district of Gujarat. The cummulative power generation from 14 wind turbine generated has crossed 159 lakh KW since commissioned in January 2009. Kissan seva kendra outlets for rural customers.
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IndianOil operates the largest and the widest network of petrol & diesel stations in the country, numbering over 18,278. It reaches Indane cooking gas to the doorsteps of over 53 million households in nearly 2,700 markets through a network of about 5,000 Indane distributors. IndianOil's ISO-9002 certified Aviation Service commands over 63% market share in aviation fuel business, meeting the fuel needs of domestic and international flag carriers, private airlines and the Indian Defence Services. The Corporation also enjoys a dominant share of the bulk consumer business, including that of railways, state transport undertakings, and industrial, agricultural and marine sectors Consultancy For over two decades now, IndianOil has been providing technical and manpower secondment services to overseas companies. Such services have been extended to Emirates National Oil Company (ENOC), Kenya Pipeline Company and Aden Refinery, Yemen . For the first time, SAP implementation / IT consultancy was provided in Sri Lanka . Consultancy on pipelines was provided to Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company (GNPOC), Sudan . Globalisation Initiatives IndianOil has set up subsidiaries in Sri Lanka, Mauritius and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and is simultaneously scouting for new business opportunities in the energy markets of Asia and Africa. Lanka IOC Plc (LIOC) Lanka IOC Ltd. operates about 150 petrol & diesel stations in Sri Lanka, and has a very efficient lube marketing network. Its major facilities include an oil terminal at Trincomalee, Sri Lanka's largest petroleum storage facility and an 18,000 tonnes per annum capacity lubricants blending plant and state-of-the-art fuels and lubricants testing laboratory at Trincomalee. Presently, it holds a market share of about 40%. In a highly competitive bunker market, catering to all types of bunker fuels and lubricants at all ports of Sri Lanka, viz., Colombo, Trincomalee and Galle. It is the major
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supplier of lubricants and greases to the three arms of the Defence services of Sri Lanka. LIOC's market share in petrol increased stands at 24.8% in 2008 with an overall market share of 16.9%. IndianOil (Mauritius) Ltd. (IOML) IndianOil (Mauritius) Ltd. has an overall market share of nearly 22% and commands a 35% market share in aviation fuelling business, apart from its bunkering business. It operates a modern petroleum bulk storage terminal at Mer Rouge port, besides 17 filling stations. In addition to the ongoing expansion of retail network, IOML has to its credit the first ISO-9001 product-testing laboratory in Mauritius. IndianOil Middle-East FZE (IOME) The Corporation's UAE subsidiary, IOC Middle East FZE, which oversees business expansion in the Middle East, is mainly into blending and marketing of SERVO lubricants and marketing of petroleum products in the Middle East, Africa and CIS countries.
SECTION 2.3: - AWARDS AND DISTINCTIONS
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AWARDS DIRECTOR (FINANCE) WINS INDIAS BEST CFO AWARD OCEANTEX 2010 AWARD TO DIRECTOR (REFINERIES) FOR OUTSTANDING ACHIEVEMENT INDIANOIL RECEIVES THE MOU EXCELLENCE AWARD 2007-08 INDIANOIL WINS OIL & GAS SUPPLY CHAIN EXCELLENCE AWARD INDIANOIL BAGS SAFETY INNOVATION AWARD 2009 BONGAIGAON REFINERY BESTOWED INDIRA GANDHI PARYAVARAN PURASKAR INDIANOIL WINS READER'S DIGEST AWARD FOR MOST TRUSTED PETROL STATION BRAND INDIANOIL SWEEPS FIVE PETROFED OIL & GAS INDUSTRY AWARDS (FOR THE YEAR 2008) INDIANOIL WINS SCOPE MERITORIOUS AWARDS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EXCELLENCE & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE INDIANOIL CONFERRED SAP ACE AWARD 2008 FOR B2B PROCESS INTEGRATION 'OIL & GAS SUPPLY CHAIN EXCELLENCE' AWARD FOR INDIANOIL INDIANOIL BAGS 'MOST ADMIRED RETAILER RURAL' AWARD 2007 SAFETY INNOVATION AWARD FOR INDIANOIL FOR FOURTH CONSECUTIVE YEAR National Energy Conservation award - 2008 from Ministry of Power Oil Industry Safety Directorate Award 2007-08 for Safety Performance (Refinery Category) by OISD DATE 14.04.2010 04.03.2010 15.10.2009 21.09.2009 21.09.2009 05.06.2009 01.06.2009 16.04.2009 24.11.2008
24.09.2008 22.09.2008 22.09.2008 11.09.2008 2008-2009 2007-2008
SECTION 2.4: - SUSTAINABILITY AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT FOR IOCL
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We define sustainability as maximum yield from local resources in consonance with long-term environmental conditions to achieve a sensible and justifiably distributed level of economic well-being that can be bear on continually for many human generations so that per capita utility or wellbeing is increasing over time, it can done by integrating system where the overall productivity is dependent on maintaining soil, water, plant and animal resources
WE TALK ABOUT SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH Economic growth means real GNP per capita is increasing over time. But observation of such a trend does not mean that growth is sustainable. Sustainable economic growth means that real GNP per capita is increasing over time and the increase is not threatened by feedback from either biophysical impacts (pollution, resource problems) or from social impacts (social disruption).
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The most important thing a corporation can do for society is to contribute to a prosperous economy. Only business can create wealth; other institutions in society are principally involved in redistributing wealth or investing it to meet human needs. A long-term synergy between economic social and environmental objectives
The Ecological Footprint is being used to help corporations improve their market foresight, set strategic direction, manage performance and communicate their strengths. By providing a common unit, the Footprint helps business to establish benchmarks, set quantitative targets and evaluate alternatives for future activities. The Footprint is compatible with all scales of company operations, and provides both aggregated and detailed results.
SECTION 2.5 SOME MAJOR AREAS WHERE SUSTAINABILITY PLAYS AN
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IMPORTANT ROLE FOR IOCL
Climate Change Risks for Oil & Gas Sector It will help and contribute to national objectives on the environment to reduce its emission and become creditworthy. To make company a more attractive place to work and invest. It will improve its market image among its consumers and suppliers i.e. improved competitiveness and reputation It can gain and invest in carbon credits. It will increase efficiency and will increase profit It focuses on clean and green technology and which is demand of the era It will focus on energy conservation and will help nation to meet its present and future demands It can get incentives and benefits from the government It will make a shift to better technology which may result in high efficiency and profits. Can invest in voluntary markets like gold standards. To market their product efficiently. To attract environmentally conscious customers.
Physical Risks Global warming poses threat of sea level rise, hurricanes/ other natural calamities for especially those situated in the coastal regions. Coastal E&P facilities, Refineries can face huge damage due to cyclones and hurricanes Health effects on workforce Business Risks Extreme weather conditions resulting in increased energy cost, higher contingency requirement resulting in erosion of profit margins
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Whether supply chain is disturbed due to extreme weather and can affect in time of delivery ,sales and ultimately in profits Eco-friendly packing may result in high cost Resource availability may be the issue. Energy Security :- supply of oil and gas and fuel use Long-term impact of carbon price uncertainty on fundamental energy prices Water availability Cost of adaptation Low GHG alternatives
Competitiveness Risks Effect on Gross Refining Margin. As energy costs increase, Oil industries using conventional and carbon intensive energy sources will see a reduction in the GRM Green products launched by the competitor which is preferred by environment conscious customer ( Introduction of new climate friendly products) Environment friendly competitor can have better public image People may not pay more for environment.
Regulatory risks Carbon tax implementation on states by Central government can affect profitability of the Oil & Gas sector Legal binding on company to reduce emissions by government or international agency Legal commitment by the company to reduce emissions. Short-term market dislocations due to regulatory uncertainty
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Pollution
C O M P L I A N C E
ENVIRONMENT
PART C: - MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 4: - ROUTE MAP FOR IOCL SECTION 4.1: -ENVIRONMENTAL BUSINESS PLANNING A STEP BY STEP APPROACH
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PHASE1
Understandin g Policy and Legal setting
PHASE 2
Measure and Evaluate Company's Environmental performance
PHASE 3
GAP Analysis and Areas to Work
PHASE 4
Develop Strategie s
PHASE 1: - UNDERSTANDING POLICY AND LEGAL SETTING The objective of Phase I is to identify main drivers linked to environmental issues (e.g., energy supply and demand, fuel technologies, public policies and regulations, energy prices, carbon prices), Study and identify national development and environmental policies Study and identify companies development and environmental policies Study and identify international development and environmental policies PHASE 2:- MEASURE AND EVALUATE COMPANYS ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE The objective of Phase 2 is to monitor measure and evaluate the main business activities and its impact on environment and can do GAP analysis that is done in next phase Identifying the main activities and environmental impacts of each business unit (Environmental impact assessment (EIA), and Environmental management plan (EMP) preparation, Energy Audit) Measure all positive and negative impact on the environment Comparing the impacts with the main concerns of each business units stakeholders, and Prioritizing the issues into high, medium and low levels of concern. Identifying main sources of uncertainty,
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PHASE 3: - GAP ANALYSIS AND AREAS TO WORK The objective of Phase 3 is to do see where company stands today ,what company has done related to environment ,what further it can done to improve environment management and to elaborate different scenarios that could help to develop long-term strategic responses. This work involve From above , calculate and do the Gap analysis Determine the core areas to be focus where improvement is needed Possibility of improvement and process of mitigation.
PHASE 4:- DEVELOP STRATEGIES The objective of Phase 3 is to develop a number of long-term strategies for dealing with the future scenarios. These strategies will reflect different attitudes to both threats and opportunities linked to environmental concerns: - to work on climate change, Air/water/soil pollution Review previous phases Suggested strategies Sustainability parameters Suggest Mitigation and adaptation policies Develop strategies
CHAPTER 5: - UNDERSTANDING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND LEGAL SETTING
SECTION 5.1: - INDIA'S NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE
On June 30, 2008, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh released Indias first National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) outlining existing and future policies and programs addressing climate mitigation and adaptation. The plan identifies eight core national missions running through 2017 and directs ministries to submit detailed implementation plans to the Prime Ministers Council on Climate Change by December 2008. National Missions National Solar Mission: The NAPCC aims to promote the development and use of solar energy for power generation and other uses with the ultimate objective of making solar competitive with fossil-based energy options. The plan includes:
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Specific goals for increasing use of solar thermal technologies in urban areas, industry, and commercial establishments;
A goal of increasing production of photovoltaics to 1000 MW/year; and A goal of deploying at least 1000 MW of solar thermal power generation.
Other objectives include the establishment of a solar research center, increased international collaboration on technology development, strengthening of domestic manufacturing capacity, and increased government funding and international support.
National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency: Current initiatives are expected to yield savings of 10,000 MW by 2012. Building on the Energy Conservation Act 2001, the plan recommends:
Mandating specific energy consumption decreases in large energy-consuming industries, with a system for companies to trade energy-savings certificates;
Energy incentives, including reduced taxes on energy-efficient appliances; and Financing for public-private partnerships to reduce energy consumption through demand-side management programs in the municipal, buildings and agricultural sectors.
National Mission on Sustainable Habitat: To promote energy efficiency as a core component of urban planning, the plan calls for:

Extending the existing Energy Conservation Building Code; A greater emphasis on urban waste management and recycling, including power production from waste;
Strengthening the enforcement of automotive fuel economy standards and using pricing measures to encourage the purchase of efficient vehicles; and
Incentives for the use of public transportation.
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National Water Mission: With water scarcity projected to worsen as a result of climate change, the plan sets a goal of a 20% improvement in water use efficiency through pricing and other measures. National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem: The plan aims to conserve biodiversity, forest cover, and other ecological values in the Himalayan region, where glaciers that are a major source of Indias water supply are projected to recede as a result of global warming. National Mission for a Green India: Goals include the afforestation of 6 million hectares of degraded forest lands and expanding forest cover from 23% to 33% of Indias territory. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture: The plan aims to support climate adaptation in agriculture through the development of climate-resilient crops, expansion of weather insurance mechanisms, and agricultural practices.
National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change: To gain a better understanding of climate science, impacts and challenges, the plan envisions a new Climate Science Research Fund, improved climate modeling, and increased international collaboration. It also encourage private sector initiatives to develop adaptation and mitigation technologies through venture capital funds. Other Programs The NAPCC also describes other ongoing initiatives, including:
Power Generation: The government is mandating the retirement of inefficient coal-fired power plants and supporting the research and development of IGCC and supercritical technologies.
Renewable Energy: Under the Electricity Act 2003 and the National Tariff Policy 2006, the central and the state electricity regulatory commissions must purchase a certain percentage of grid-based power from renewable sources.
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Energy Efficiency: Under the Energy Conservation Act 2001, large energy-consuming industries are required to undertake energy audits and an energy labeling program for appliances has been introduced.
Implementation Ministries with lead responsibility for each of the missions are directed to develop objectives, implementation strategies, timelines, and monitoring and evaluation criteria, to be submitted to the Prime Ministers Council on Climate Change. The Council will also be responsible for periodically reviewing and reporting on each missions progress. To be able to quantify progress, appropriate indicators and methodologies will be developed to assess both avoided emissions and adaptation benefits
SECTION 5.2: - GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE: THREE POLICY PERSPECTIVES CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH STRATEGY (CSR) REPORT PREPARED BY lARRY PARKER AND JOHN BLODGETT SPEACIALIST S IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT POLICY RESOURCES, SCIENCE, AND INDUSTRY DIVISION The many personal proclivities and professional constructs that help shape an individuals perspectives on environmental issues in general, and global climate change in particular, can be grouped into three perspectives that affect proposed policies. These perspectives, which can intertwine and overlap, are:
that environmental problems are the result of inappropriate or misused technologies, and that the solutions to the problems lie in improving or correcting technology;
that environmental problems are the result of market failures, and that the solutions to the problems lie in ensuring that market decisions take into account all costs, including Environmental damages; and
that environmental problems result from a combination of ignorance of, indifference to, and even disregard for, the ecosystem on which human life ultimately depends, as well as for the other living creatures that share the planet; and that the solutions to environmental problems lie in developing an understanding of and a respect for that ecosystem and in providing mechanisms for people to express the priority they place on the environment in their daily choices.
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SECTION 5.3: - BALI ACTION PLAN
The Bali Action Plan is centred on four main building blocks mitigation, adaptation, technology and financing. The future discussion should address enhanced national/international action, including the consideration of: Measurable, reportable and verifiable nationally appropriate mitigation commitments or actions by all developed countries, and;
Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) also discussed
SECTION 5.4: -POLITICAL OUTCOMES FROM PREVIOUS SESSIONS OF THE COP
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COP 1 cop 2 cop 3 berlin mandate Geneva Declaration Kyoto Protocol Launched a process to decide on stronger commitments for Annex I Parties. Renewed the momentum of the Kyoto Protocol negotiations (taken note of, but not adopted) Set legally binding targets and timetables for cutting the greenhouse gas emissions of Annex I Parties
COP 4
Buenos Aires Plan of Action
Set out programme of work on issues under the Protocol; Established deadline for completion as COP 6 in 2000
COP 5
no declaration
Held exchange of views on selected topics during the high-level segment (seen as mid-point toward COP 6)
COP 6 parts i-ii
bonn Agreement
Part I could not reach agreement, so resumed in Bonn Part II reached the Bonn Agreement (political package) Between Part I & II, the US announced it would not ratify the Kyoto Protocol
cop 7
Marrakesh Accords
Translated Bonn Agreement into decisions setting out detailed rules for the implementation of the Protocol and took important steps toward implementation of the Convention
cop 8
Delhi Declaration on climate change and Sustainable Development no declaration Buenos Aires Programme of Work on Adaptation and Response Measures; seminar of government experts Decisions establishing the AWGKP and Dialogue
Reaffirmed development and poverty eradication as overriding priorities in developing countries and highlighted the importance of adaptation
cop 9 COP 10
Presidents summary of round table discussions included in report of the session Calls for action on issues to address the adverse effects of climate change and response measures; seminar to promote an informal exchange of information on mitigation and adaptation, and on policies and measures
COP 11/ CMP 1
Under the Protocol, a new working group was established to discuss future commitments for developed countries for the period after 2012. Under the Convention, a dialogue on long-term global cooperative action to address climate change was also launched. Parties to the Kyoto Protocol also formally adopted the rulebook of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, the so-called Marrakesh Accords, which sets the framework for implementation of the Protocol
COP 12/ CMP 2 COP 13/ CMP 3
Nairobi Work Programme on Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation bali road map
The programme was adopted by the SBSTA and subsequently re-named by the COP. Decisions related to financial flows were adopted and the two Montreal processes made progress
Includes a number of forward-looking decisions that represent the various tracks. It includes the Bali Action Plan, which charts the course for a new negotiating process designed to tackle climate change, with the aim of completing this by 2009
SECTION 5.5: - COPENHAGEN ACCORD
The Copenhagen Accord is a political (as opposed to legal) agreement of a novel form. Formal decisions under the U.N. climate process are typically taken by consensus. As some parties opposed the accord,
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the decision entering it into the conferences proceedings is not technically an acceptance of its substantive content by the Conference of the Parties (or by the parallel Meeting of the Parties under Kyoto). Rather, the decisions by the two bodies only take note of the attached accord. Individual countries, in all likelihood a strong majority of the Conventions 192 parties, will affix their names to the accord in the coming weeks. The accord declares itself operational immediately, although many of its provisions will require further elaboration (in some cases 0explicitly, and in other cases presumably, by the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties). The timeline for doing so is not specified. In substance, the accord speaks to all of the core elements of the Bali Action Plan: a long-term goal; mitigation; adaptation; finance; technology; forests; and measurement, reporting and verification. The UN Conference on Climate Change in Copenhagen presents a critical opportunity to strengthen the international response to global climate change. The aim in Copenhagen should be a comprehensive political agreement that puts countries on a clear path to concluding a legally binding agreement in 2010. This interim agreement should deliver both immediate action and the broad architecture of a future treaty, including:
Ambitious political commitments for mid-term action by all major economies: economywide emission reduction targets for developed countries, and quantified mitigation actions by major developing countries; A prompt start on adaptation, forestry, technology and capacity-building activities and support in developing countries; The core elements of a legally binding agreement to be finalized over the coming year, including: a framework for verifiable mitigation commitments by all major economies; new arrangements for sustained mitigation and adaptation support to developing countries; and a system to verify countries actions and support; and, A clear mandate to conclude negotiations on a legally binding agreement at COP 16 in December 2010.
CHAPTER 6:- OPERATION AND PROCEDURE SECTION 6.1: - MEASURE AND EVALUATE ORGANIZATION ENVIRONMENT PERFORMANCE
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Phase 2:Material Balance Phase 1:Audit Prepration
Phase 3:Synthesis
PHASE 1:- AUDIT PREPARATION
Describe and Divide various Departments of IOCL Divide processes in unit operations Construct process Flow diagram of unit operations
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PHASE 2:- MATERIAL BALANCE
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A. Process input B. Process output
PROCESS INPUT Determine the input Record water usage Measure current level of waste which is reused, recycled. PROCESS OUTPUT Find total output Find total waste water
Find total gas emissions

Gather I/P and O/P information Derive preliminary material balance Evaluate and define material balance
PHASE 3: - SYNTHESIS
A. Identifying waste reduction options B. Evaluate waste reduction option C. Waste reduction action plan
A. IDENTIFYING
WASTE C. WASTE WASTE REDUCTION REDUCTION OPTION REDUCTION OPTIONS ACTION PLAN i) Identify wastes. various Study and identify waste i) Environmental and management plan economic viability of the project
B. EVALUATE
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ii) Target and categorize problem waste. iii) Investigate possibility of waste segregation. iv) Indentify long term waste reduction measures. Refer and identify various national and international policies and legal settings Refer and apply various guidelines. the
Make and design action plan for the company
SECTION 6.2 STARTING THE FLOW PROCESS

STEP:-1 DESCRIBE AND DIVIDE VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OF IOCL
The objective of phase 1 is to identify the various departments of IOCL where waste is generated and has a impact on environment so that audit can be performed. Later we will divide the the unit operation of each department so that we can identify and measure each activity individually and can reach to the main activity where waste is a problem. Various departments of IOCL are:1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Refining Marketing and sales R&D Petrochemicals Gas E&P
STEP:-2 DIVIDE PROCESSES IN UNIT OPERATIONS
In this step we will divide each department in its unit operation so that we can have audit for each activity and operation Prepare team and assign duties to each team for each department.
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STEP3:- CONSTRUCT PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
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STEP4:-DETERMINE THE INPUT AND RECORD THE USAGE
EN8 WATER
Reporting the total volume of water withdrawn by source contributes to an understanding of the overall scale of potential impacts and risks associated with the reporting organizations water use. The total volume withdrawn provides an indication of the organizations relative size and importance as a user of water, and provides a baseline figure for other calculations relating to efficiency and use. 2.1 Identify the total volume of water withdrawn from any water source that was either withdrawn directly by the reporting organization or through intermediaries such as water utilities. This includes the abstraction of cooling water. 2.2 Report the total volume of water withdrawn in cubic meters per year (m3/year) by the following sources: Surface water, including water from wetlands, rivers, lakes, and oceans; (Blue Water) Ground water; (Green Water) Rainwater collected directly and stored by the reporting organization; (Green Water) Waste water from another organization (Grey Water); and Municipal water supplies or other water utilities (Blue Water).
EN1 MATERIAL: - MATERIALS USED BY WEIGHT OR VOLUME
2.1 Identify total materials used, including materials purchased from external suppliers and those obtained from internal sources (captive production and extraction activities). This can include: Raw materials (i.e., natural resources used for conversion to products or services such as ores, minerals, wood, etc.);
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Associated process materials (i.e., materials that are needed for the manufacturing process but are not part of the final product, such as lubricants for manufacturing machinery); Semi-manufactured goods or parts, including all forms of materials and components other than raw materials that are part of the final product; and Materials for packaging purposes. 2.2 Identify non-renewable and direct materials used. Convert any measurements into estimated weight or volume, calculated as is rather than by dry substance/weight.. 2.3 Report the total weight or volume of : Non-renewable materials used; and Direct materials used. EN3 ENERGY: - DIRECT ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCE. 2.1 Direct energy sources purchased Identify primary energy sources purchased by the organization for its own consumption. This includes: Direct non-renewable energy sources including: Coal; Natural gas; and Fuel distilled from crude oil, including gasoline, diesel, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), butane, propane, ethane, etc. Direct renewable energy sources including: Biofuels; Ethanol; and Hydrogen.
* Note: Biomass is excluded from direct renewable energy sources for the purpose of reporting to the WRI/WBCSD GHG Protocol. For alignment with the WRI/WBCSD GHG Protocol, direct CO2 emissions from the combustion of biomass should be reported separately.
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2.2 Direct energy sources produced Identify the amount of primary energy the reporting organization acquires by producing, extracting, harvesting, collecting, or converting it from other forms of energy in joules or multiples. This can include the same energy sources listed as direct energy consumption. 2.3 Direct energy sources sold Identify the amount of primary energy exported outside the reporting boundary in joules or multiples. 2.4 Calculate total energy consumption in joules or multiples such as gigajoules (one billion joules or 109 joules) using the following equation:
EN4 ENERGY: - INDIRECT ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY PRIMARY SOURCE.
2.1 Identify the amount of intermediate energy purchased and consumed from sources external to the reporting organization in joules or multiples, such as gigajoules (one billion joules, or 109 joules). This includes: Inter med iate ener gy purc hase d and
Total direct energy consumption = direct primary energy purchased + direct primary energy produced- direct primary energy sold
consumed from non-renewable energy sources as listed under EN3, including: Electricity; Heating and Cooling; Steam; Nuclear energy; and Other forms of imported energy.
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Intermediate energy purchased and consumed from renewable energy sources including: Solar; Wind; Geothermal; Hydro energy; Biomass based intermediate energy; and Hydrogen based intermediate energy. 2.2 Identify the amount of primary fuels consumed to produce intermediate energy based on the total amount of energy purchased from external suppliers above (EN3- Energy Purchased). To estimate the fuels consumed to produce purchased energy, use either: Fuel consumption data acquired from the electricity provider if these data are available; Default data for electricity and heat; or Estimations where default figures are not available. 2.3 Using data from 2.1, report: The total amount of indirect energy used by indirect non-renewable sources and indirect renewable sources in terms of intermediate energy; and The corresponding primary energy consumed in its production.
*Note: The sum of primary energy sources (expressed in joules) used to generate intermediate energy will, depending on the primary source used, significantly exceed the amount of intermediate energy purchased (in joules) due to grid and efficiency losses when converting and transporting energy.
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STEP 4:- MEASURE CURRENT LEVEL OF WASTE WHICH IS REUSED, RECYCLED
EN10 WATER: - PERCENTAGE AND TOTAL VOLUME OF WATER RECYCLED AND REUSED.
2.1 This Indicator measures both water that was treated prior to reuse and water that was not treated prior to reuse. Grey water (i.e., collected rainwater and wastewater generated by household processes such as washing dishes, laundry, and bathing) is included. Calculate the volume of recycled/reused water based on the volume of water demand satisfied by recycled/reused water rather than further withdrawals. For example, if the organization has a production cycle that requires 20 cubic meters of water per cycle, the organization withdraws 20 cubic meters of water for one production process cycle and then reuses it for an additional three cycles. The total volume of water recycled/ reused for that process is 60 cubic meters. Report the total volume of water recycled/reused by the organization in cubic meters per year (m3/ year) and also as a percentage of the total water withdrawal reported under Indicator EN8
EN2 MATERIAL: - PERCENTAGE OF MATERIALS USED THAT ARE RECYCLED INPUT MATERIALS.
Identify the total weight or volume of materials used as reported under EN1. Identify the total weight or volume of recycled input materials. If estimation is required, state the estimation methods. Report the percentage of recycled input materials used by applying the following formula: EN2= Total recycled input materials used x 100 Input materials used
EN 5 ENERGY: - ENERGY SAVED DUE TO CONSERVATION AND EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS.
Identify total energy saved by efforts to reduce energy use and increase energy efficiency. Reduced energy consumption from reduced production capacity or outsourcing should not be included in this Indicator. Report the total amount of energy saved in joules or multiples, such as gigajoules (one billion joules or 109 joules). Take into consideration energy saved due to:
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Process redesign; Conversion and retrofitting of equipment; and Changes in personnel behavior.
EN6 ENERGY: - INITIATIVES TO PROVIDE ENERGY-EFFICIENT OR RENEWABLE ENERGY BASED PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, AND REDUCTIONS IN ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AS A RESULT OF THESE INITIATIVES.
Report existing initiatives to reduce the energy requirements of major products/product groups or services. Report quantified reductions in the energy requirements of products and services achieved during the reporting period. If use-oriented figures are employed (e.g., energy requirements of a computer), clearly report any assumptions about underlying consumption patterns or normalization factors (e.g., 10% less energy use per average working day, assuming operation for 8 hours with changing processor load). Refer to available industry standards (e.g., fuel consumption of cars for 100 km at 90 km/h).
EN7 ENERGY: - INITIATIVES TO REDUCE INDIRECT ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND REDUCTIONS ACHIEVED.
1 For this Indicator, exclude indirect energy use associated with the purchase of intermediate energy sources as reported in EN4. 2 Identify relevant upstream/downstream indirect energy use in the following four areas: Use of energy-intensive materials; Subcontracted production; Business-related travel; and Employee commuting 3 Report initiatives to reduce indirect energy use 4 Report quantitatively the extent to which indirect energy use has been reduced during the reporting period for the four areas listed in 2.2. 5 Indicate underlying assumptions and methodologies used to calculate other indirect energy use and indicate the source of information.
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Relevant data can be drawn from supplier information, life-cycle calculations/estimations (carried out internally
STEP 5:- DETERMINE AND RECORD THE OUTPUT
EN16 EMISSIONS, EFFLUENTS AND WASTE: - TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT GREEN-HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY WEIGHT.
2.1 Different conversion methodologies are available to calculate the amount of greenhouse gas emissions per source. Indicate the standard used, and indicates the methodology associated with the data with reference to the following categories: Direct measurement (e.g., continuous online analyzers, etc.); Calculation based on site specific data (e.g., for fuel composition analysis, etc.); Calculation based on default data; and Estimations. If estimations are used due to a lack of default figures, indicate which basis figures were obtained. Further details on the compilation of this Indicator are available in the WRI /WBCSD GHG Protocol and in the IPCC document as listed under references. 2.2 Identify direct emissions of greenhouse gases from all sources owned or controlled by the reporting organization, including: Generation of electricity, heat, or steam (as reported in EN3); Other combustion processes such as flaring; Physical or chemical processing; Transportation of materials, products, and waste; Venting; and Fugitive emissions. Emissions from combustion processes and sources will correspond to the direct primary energy from non-renewable and renewable sources as reported in EN3. Note that the direct CO2 emissions from the combustion of biomass shall not be included but reported separately under GHG Protocol Corporate Standard (revised edition).
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2.3 Identify indirect emissions of greenhouse gases resulting from the generation of purchased electricity, heat, or steam (this corresponds with energy consumption reported under EN4). Other indirect emissions (e.g., from organizational travel) are not included since they are accounted for in EN1 7. 2.4 Report total greenhouse gas emissions as the sum of direct and indirect emissions (as identified in 2.2 and 2.3) in tonnes of CO2 equivalent.
EN 17 EMISSIONS, EFFLUENTS AND WASTE: - OTHER RELEVANT INDIRECT GREEN-HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY WEIGHT.
2.1 Identify the greenhouse gas emissions resulting from indirect energy use. Exclude indirect emissions from imported electricity, heat, or steam, as these are covered by EN16. 2.2 Additionally, identify which of the reporting organizations activities cause indirect emissions and assess their amounts (e.g., employee commuting, business travel, etc). When deciding on the relevance of these activities, consider whether emissions of the activity: Are large compared to other activities generating direct emissions or energy related indirect emissions (as reported in EN1 6); Are judged to be critical by stakeholders; Could be substantially reduced through actions taken by the reporting organization. 2.3 Report the sum of indirect GHG emissions identified in tonnes of CO2 e equivalent.
EN 18 EMISSIONS, EFFLUENTS AND WASTE: - INITIATIVES TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND REDUCTIONS ACHIEVED.
2.1 Identify emissions reductions from all sources owned or controlled by the reporting organization as reported under EN16 and resulting from indirect energy use and activities of the reporting organization as reported under EN1 7. Distinguish between mandatory and voluntary emissions reductions.
2.2 Report initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, include the areas where the initiatives were implemented.
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2.3 Report quantitatively the extent greenhouse gas emissions reductions achieved during the reporting period as a direct result of the initiative(s) in tonnes of CO2 equivalent.
EN19 EMISSIONS, EFFLUENTS AND WASTE: - EMISSIONS OF OZONEDEPLETING SUBSTANCES BY WEIGHT.
2.1 Ozone-depleting substances contained or emitted from products during are not covered by this Indicator.
their usage and disposal
2.2 Emissions of substances covered in Annexes A, B, C, and E of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer are included.
2.3 Identify emissions of ozone-depleting substances using the following formulas:
Emissions = Production + Imports- Exports of Substances
Production = Substances Produced- Substances Destroyed by Technology- Substances used entirely as feedstock in the manufacture of other chemicals
Note: ODS that is recycled and reused is not considered production.
2.4 Report the emissions of specific ozone-depleting substances in tonnes and tonnes of CFC-1 1 equivalent.
EN20 EMISSIONS, EFFLUENTS AND WASTE: - NO X, SO X, AND OTHER SIGNIFICANT AIR EMISSIONS BY TYPE AND WEIGHT
2.1 Identify significant air emissions and calculate their weight. 2.2 Since calculating certain air emissions such as NOx requires complex quantification efforts, indicate the methodology used for calculations, selecting one of the following approaches: Direct measurement of emissions (e.g., online analyzers, etc.);
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Calculation based on site specific data; Calculation based on default data; or Estimation (if estimations are used due to a lack of default figures, indicate on what basis figures were obtained). 2.3 Report the weight of significant air emissions (in kilograms or multiples such as tonnes) for each of the following categories: NOx; SOx; Persistent organic pollutants (POP); Volatile organic compounds (VOC); Hazardous air pollutants (HAP); Stack and fugitive emissions; Particulate matter (PM); or Other standard categories of air emissions identified in regulations.
EN21 EMISSIONS, EFFLUENTS AND WASTE: - TOTAL WATER DISCHARGE BY QUALITY AND DESTINATION.
2.1 Identify planned and unplanned water discharges (excluding collected rainwater and domestic sewage) by destination and indicate how it is treated. If the reporting organization does not have a meter to measure water discharges, this figure needs to be estimated by subtracting the approximate volume consumed on-site from the volume withdrawn as reported in EN8.
2.2 Report the total volume of planned and unplanned water discharges in cubic meters per year (m3/year) by: Destination; Treatment method; and Whether it was reused by another organization.
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2.3 Reporting organizations that discharge effluents or process water should report water quality in terms of total volumes of effluent using standard effluent parameters such as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), etc. The specific choice of quality parameters will vary depending on the organizations products/ Services/operations. The selection of parameters should be consistent with those used in the organizations sector. Clean water refers to water that meets national regulations for freshwater quality when leaving the boundaries of the reporting organization. This can be either freshwater whose quality has not been affected by the organizations use, or wastewater that is treated to meet freshwater standards prior to discharge.
EN 22 EMISSIONS, EFFLUENTS AND WASTE: - TOTAL WEIGHT OF WASTE BY TYPE AND DISPOSAL METHOD.
2.1 Identify the amount of waste created by the organizations operations, by: Hazardous waste (as defined by national legislation at the point of generation); and Non-hazardous waste (all other forms of solid or liquid waste excluding wastewater). 2.2 If no weight data are available, estimate the weight using available information on waste density and volume collected, mass balances, or similar information. 2.3 Report the total amount of waste in tonnes by type as identified in 2.1 for each of the following disposal methods: Composting; Reuse; Recycling; Recovery; Incineration (or use as fuel); Landfill; Deep well injection; On-site storage; and
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Other (to be specified by the reporting organization). 2.4 Report how the method of disposal has been determined: Disposed directly by the reporting organization or otherwise directly confirmed; Information provided by the waste disposal contractor; or Organizational defaults of the waste disposal contractor.
EN23 EMISSIONS, EFFLUENTS AND WASTE: -TOTAL NUMBER AND VOLUME OF SIGNIFICANT SPILLS.
2.1 Identify all recorded significant spills and the volume of these spills. 2.2 Report the total number and total volume of recorded significant spills. 2.3 For spills that were reported in the organizations financial statement, report the additional following information for each such spill: Location of spill; Volume of spill; and Material of spill, categorized by: o Oil spills (soil or water surfaces); o Fuel spills (soil or water surfaces); o Spills of wastes (soil or water surfaces); o Spills of chemicals (mostly soil or water surfaces); and o Other. 2.4 Report the impacts of significant spills.
EN24 EMISSIONS, EFFLUENTS AND WASTE: - WEIGHT OF TRANSPORTED, IMPORTED, EXPORTED, OR TREATED WASTE DEEMED HAZARDOUS UNDER THE TERMS OF THE BASEL CONVENTION ANNEX I, II, III, AND VIII, AND PERCENTAGE OF TRANSPORTED WASTE SHIPPED INTERNATIONALLY.
2.1 Identify hazardous wastes transported by or on behalf of the reporting organization within the reporting period by destination.
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2.2 Identify the total weight of transported hazardous waste using the following equation:
2.3 Identify the total weight of hazardous waste transported across international borders and which enters the boundaries of the reporting organization, by destination. Waste transported between different locations of the organization is not counted as imported. 2.4 Identify the proportion of the total amount of transported hazardous waste by destination that is transported from the reporting organization to locations abroad. Include all wastes that leave the boundaries of the reporting organization to cross international borders, excluding transportation between different locations of the reporting organization.
2.5 Identify the portion of the total amount of transported and exported waste by destination that the
Total weight of hazardous waste transported by destination = Weight of hazardous waste transported to the reporting organization by destination from external sources/suppliers not owned by the reporting organization + + Weight of hazardous waste transported from the reporting organization by destination to external sources/suppliers not owned by the reporting organization + + Weight of hazardous waste transported nationally and/or internationally by destination between locations owned, leased, or managed by the reporting organization
organization has treated. 2.6 Identify the portion of the total amount of waste by destination that is treated by external sources/ suppliers, that has been transported, exported, or imported by the organization. 2.7 Convert volumes to brief explanation of the methodology used. an estimate of weight with a
2.8 Report the following information in kilograms or tonnes: Total weight of hazardous waste transported;
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Total weight of imported hazardous waste; Total weight of exported hazardous waste; and
Total weight of treated hazardous waste
STEP 5:- GATHER I/P AND O/P INFORMATION
Collect all the input and output information of all the departments and maintain proper database
STEP 6:- DERIVE PRELIMINARY MATERIAL BALANCE AND AFFECT ON BIODIVERSITY EN 25: - IDENTITY, SIZE, PROTECTED STATUS, AND BIODIVERSITY VALUE OF WATER BODIES AND RELATED HABITATS SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED BY THE REPORTING ORGANIZATIONS DISCHARGES OF WATER AND RUNOFF.
2.1 Identify water bodies significantly affected by the reporting organizations water discharges that meet one of more of the following criteria: Discharges account for an average of 5% or more of the annual average volume of the water body; Discharges that, on the advice of appropriate professionals (e.g., municipal authorities), are known to have or are highly likely to have significant impacts on the water body and associated habitats; Discharges to water bodies that are recognized by professionals to be particularly sensitive due to their relative size, function, or status as a rare, threatened, or endangered system (or support a particular endangered species of plant or animal); or
Any discharge to a Ramsar-listed wetland or any other nationally or internationally proclaimed conservation area regardless of the rate of discharge. 2.2 Report water bodies significantly affected by water discharges based on the criteria above, adding information on: Size of water body in cubic meters (m3);
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Whether the source is designated as a protected area (nationally and/or internationally); and Biodiversity value (e.g., number of protected species).
E11BIODIVERSITY: - LOCATION AND SIZE OF LAND OWNED, LEASED, MANAGED IN, OR ADJACENT TO, PROTECTED AREAS AND AREAS OF HIGH BIODIVERSITY VALUE OUTSIDE PROTECTED AREAS.
2.1Identify operational sites owned, leased, managed in, located in, adjacent to, or that contain protected areas and areas of high biodiversity value outside protected areas. Include sites for which future operations have been formally announced. 2.2 Report the following information for each operational site identified above: Geographic location; Subsurface and/or underground land that may be owned, leased, or managed by the organization; Position in relation to protected area (in the area, adjacent to, or containing portions of the protected area) and high biodiversity value area outside protected area; Type of operation (office, manufacturing/ production, or extractive); Size of operational site in km2; Biodiversity value characterized by: The attribute of the protected area and high biodiversity value area outside protected area (terrestrial, freshwater, or maritime ecosystem); and Listing of protected status (e.g., IUCN Protected Area Management Category, Ramsar Convention, national legislation, Natura 2000 site, etc.).
E12 BIODIVERSITY: - DESCRIPTION OF SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF ACTIVITIES, PRODUCTS, AND SERVICES ON BIODIVERSITY IN PROTECTED AREAS AND AREAS OF HIGH BIODIVERSITY VALUE OUTSIDE PROTECTED AREAS
2.1 Identify significant impacts on biodiversity associated with activities, products, and services of the reporting organization, including both direct impacts as well as indirect impacts (e.g., in the supply chain).
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2.2 Report the nature of significant direct and indirect impacts on biodiversity with reference to one or more of the following: Construction or use of manufacturing plants, mines, and transport infrastructure; Pollution (introduction of substances that do not naturally occur in the habitat from point and non-point sources); Introduction of invasive species, pests, and pathogens; Reduction of species; Habitat conversion; and Changes in ecological processes outside the natural range of variation (e.g., salinity or changes in groundwater level). 2.3 Report significant direct and indirect positive and negative impacts with reference to the following: Species affected; Extent of areas impacted (this may not be limited to areas that are formally protected and should include consideration of impacts on buffer zones as well as formally designated areas of special importance or sensitivity); Duration of impacts; and Reversibility or irreversibility of the impacts.
EN13 BIODIVERSITY: - HABITATS PROTECTED OR RESTORED
2.1 This Indicator refers to areas in which remediation has been completed or the area is actively protected (see Definitions). Areas in which operations are still active can be counted if they conform to the definitions of restored or protected. 2.2 Assess the status of the area based on its condition at the close of the reporting period. 2.3 Report the size and location of all habitat protected areas and/or restored areas (in hectares), and whether the success of the restoration measure was/is approved by independent external professionals. If the area is larger than one km2, report in km2. 2.4 Report whether partnerships exist with third parties to protect or restore habitat areas distinct from where the organization has overseen and implemented restoration or protection measures.
EN14: - STRATEGIES, CURRENT ACTIONS, AND FUTURE PLANS FOR MANAGING IMPACTS ON BIODIVERSITY.
2.1 If national regulations have influenced the specific strategies, actions, or plans reported under this Indicator, this should be noted.
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2.2 Report the organizations strategy for achieving its policy on biodiversity management including: Integration of biodiversity considerations in analytical tools such as environmental site impact assessments; Methodology for establishing risk exposure to biodiversity; Setting specific targets and objectives; Monitoring processes; and Public reporting. 2.3 Report actions underway to manage biodiversity risks identified in EN11 and EN12, or plans to undertake such activities in the future.
EN15: - NUMBER OF IUCN RED LIST SPECIES AND NATIONAL CONSERVATION LIST SPECIES WITH HABITATS IN AREAS AFFECTED BY OPERATIONS, BY LEVEL OF EXTINCTION RISK.
This Indicator helps the reporting organization to identify where its activities can pose a threat to endangered plant and animal species. By identifying these threats, the organization can initiate appropriate steps to avoid harm and to prevent the extinction of species. The IUCN Red List and national conservation list species can serve as authorities on the sensitivity of habitat in areas affected by operations, and on the relative importance of these habitats from a management perspective. 2.1 Identify the location of habitats affected by the operations of the reporting organization that include species on the IUCN Red List and on national conservation lists. 2.2 Report the number of species in habitats identified as affected by the reporting organization, indicating one of the following levels of extinction risk: Critically endangered; Endangered; Vulnerable; Near threatened; and Least concern.
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CHAPTER 7: - STRATEGY AND RECOMDATIONS SECTION 7.1: - GAP ANALYSIS
WHERE ARE WE NOW? Past records of IOCL Activities & Services Mission Core Elements Internal Environment Assessment External Environment Assessment (Energy, Water, Material) Critical Issues related to Environment
WHERE DO WE WANT TO BE Vision Goals Objective Plan
HOW DO WE GET THERE Strategies Priorities Standards Cost Benefit Analysis

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Resource Requirement Funding
SECTION 7.2: - FRAMEWORK FOR STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT
Mission,Values, Vision EIA, Energy audits, Diagnose current position through SWORT analysis Scanning the business environment through PESTLE analysis SMART analysis
Cost Benefit analysis

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Fanancial projections and budget
SECTION 7.3: - RECOMMENDATION AND SUGGESTIONS
POSSIBLE SCOPE OF WORK Area of work

Current status Gaps and action points, actors capacity building Better allocation cleaner technology synchronized and co-coordinated action change in behavioral patterns short term planning (to be replaced) micro level planning required Internalizing the costs of externalities Setting standards and limits to harmful activities Creating Company to set these limits Carrying out cost-benefit analysis and environmental impact assessment and institutionalizing these arrangements Develop and implement rehabilitative, restorative measures and preventive and adaptive strategies Initiating eco-development measures and insisting on sustainable use of resources, energy and eco-system services Modifying and industrial processes to mimic ecological processes Creating national parks and sanctuaries to conserve biodiversity Providing access to education, information and to an environmentally meaningful legal and judicial system. "We summarize the necessary conditions [for sustainable development] as 'constancy of the natural capital stock'. More strictly, the requirement as for non-negative changes in the stock of natural resources such as soil and soil quality, ground surface waters and their quality, land biomass, water bio-mass, and the waste assimilation capacity of receiving environment."
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SUGGESTED STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Public position statement on climate change: - Public statement/ policy should also include a commitment to reduce product related emissions or climate chan ge impact. Public product policy Responsibility (specified responsibility for climate change) Third-party verification ( Regular Environment Impact Assessment and energy audit reports) Issuing sustainability reporting and environment mapping report Setting emission reduction targets and quantify whether achieved or not. Long-term targets:- to have a long-term GHG emissions reduction goal Product targets Short/medium-term targets Absolute, normalized and trend data Product emissions Analysis of trends Transformational initiatives Fuel switching Demand-side management R&D in low-carbon technologies Production of new low-carbon technologies Generation of renewables (or low-carbon) energy Existing product/service innovation Carbon capture and storage (sequestration) Supply chain/upstream New business model Breakthrough project Production innovation using low-carbon technologies Product transformational initiatives
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT: - NEW BUSINESS AREAS IN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
CLEAN TECH/ RENEWABLES Revenues from clean tech IPOs and investment assets Financing, valuation and advisory services for clean tech companies Emissions trading markets Trading of GHGs as a commodity Carbon-based securities New business models and market entrants,
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GREENING CONSUMERS Currently small market for green retail products Potential new entrant opportunity for a green brand with a unique product offering Increasing consumer appetite for green products at preferential rates
BRAND Benefits of green positioning far outweigh the costs Clean tech funds and investment ASSETS MANAGEMENT Security of long-term investments Impact of climate change and emissions regulation on asset valuation
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APPENDIX 1 REFERENCES
Water Footprint Network The Water Footprint Network (WFN) was launched in order to coordinate efforts between academia, civil society, governments, the private sector, and intergovernmental organizations to further develop and disseminate knowledge on water footprint concepts, methods, and tools. Global Environmental Management Initiative (GEMI)
The Global Environmental Management Initiative (GEMI) is an organization of companies promoting global environmental and social sustainability through the development and sharing of tools and information. In 2007, GEMI released Collecting the Drops:
World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) The WBCSD a business association of roughly 200 global companies with efforts to promote sustainable development - Launched its Global Water Tool in 2007.
UNEP/ SETAC Life Cycle Initiative

The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) - a global non-profit professional society aiming to develop principles and practices for sustainable environmental management
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have worked together since 2000 on a partnership known as the Life Cycle Initiative.
Quantis
Quantis (www.quantis-intl.com) is a consulting company providing expertise in life cycle assessment (LCA) and offering solutions for organizations worldwide that are engaged in sustainable development. Quantis is also one of the leaders in the development of water assessment indicators within LCA, being actively involved in the UNEP-SETAC Life Cycle Initiatives project as well as convening the new ISO standard on water. Quantis has offices in Lausanne (Switzerland), Paris (France), Boston (United States) and Montreal (Canada).
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

ISO, the worlds most recognized standards-making body (including the ISO 14000 Environmental Management series) is the developer of the most widely used standards for the implementation of LCA (i.e. the ISO 14040 series). This standard provides a framework for a general LCA analysis and does not include water-specific elements. While this standard refers to itself a standard for water footprints, it is important to note that water footprints in this context refers to the broader range of water accountingtools and not specifically water footprints as developed by WFN. This standard intended to establish a framework and set of principles that enable existing water accounting methods to be consistent with one another and with other standards. This will consider regional concerns (e.g. relative scarcity, extent of economic development, etc.).
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The Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative Global Footprint Network
The GHG Protocol aNetwork (GFN) is an initiative The Global Footprint partnership between the World Resources to encourage and Institute and use of WBCSD - is Footprint (EF) most facilitate the the the Ecological perhaps the in popular accounting tool for GHG emissions worldwide. order to promote It works with the public,action addressing ecological global dialogue about and private, and civil society sectors andadvance credible and effective programs for limits to mitigating climatecomprised ofThe GHG cities, sustainability. It is change. individuals, Protocol developedcompanies, nations, the only widely-accepted methodology for corporatethe scientists, NGOs, and academia from all over carbon footprinting and is one of the many methodologies for world. Established in product carbon footprinting. continuouslythe standard 2003, the Network works to It provides improve for corporate carbon engages with national the EF methodology, accounting as well as calculation tools gl*obally- this governments to establish the EF as a for carrying out. ISO has adopted the Protocols standards, accepted metric, develops footprint and brings various sectors together to advance these concepts, among other things.
3
Global Reporting Initiative

The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is a network-based organization that has developed the worlds most widely-used corporate sustainability reporting framework. The most recent version of this framework (known as the G3 Guidelines) includes five water-related criteria among a list of environmental, social, and economic criteria. These guidelines do not call for the reporting of quantified impacts. They also do not provide a comprehensive methodology for accounting for their criteria, but rather establish a harmonized framework through which companies communicate to stakeholders.
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The International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA) was established in 1974 following the establishment of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). IPIECA provides one of the industrys principal channels of communication with the United Nations. www.ipieca.org IPIECA is the single global association representing both the upstream and downstream oil and gas industry on key global environmental and social issues. The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) is a Government Department in the UK.www.defra.gov.uk The overarching challenge for Defra is to secure a healthy environment in which we and future generations can prosper. As we build a low carbon, resource efficient economy, Defra helps people to adapt to changes, deals with environmental risks and makes the most of the opportunity we have to secure a sustainable society and a healthy environment.
EUROPIA, the European Petroleum Industry Association, represents the oil refining and marketing industry in Europe www.europia.com .EUROPIA represents the European downstream oil industry and together witm E&P Forum environmental principles in 1991.
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Bringing together the oil and environmental and social issues
gas industry on global,
APPENDIX 2 FOOTPRINTING
Criteria Definition
Water Footprint
Life Assessment
Cycle WBCSD Global Water GEMI Sustainability Tool Tool
Water
A water footprint is a A Life Cycle Assessment This online tool couples measurement of the total (LCA) is the investigation corporate water use, volume of freshwater and valuation of the discharge, and facility used to produce the environmental impacts of information with goods and services a given product or watershed and countryconsumed by any well- service caused or level data. This allows defined group of necessitated by its companies to assess and consumers, including a existence. communicate their
GEMIs online tool helps organizations build a water strategy. It assesses a companys relationship to water, identifies associated risks and describes the business
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family, village, city, LCA emphasizes the water use and risks case for action that province, state, nation, or environmental impacts relative to water addresses companies business/ organization. incurred at different availability in their specific needs and stages in the value chain. operations and supply circumstances. chains. Water-specific Assesses many Water-specific Comprehensive environmental Rough measurement of Water-specific measurement of resources uses and water use AND Rough measurement of corporate water emissions, including but assessment of key water use and efficiency use/discharge only not limited to water water impacts and assessment of key Measures evaporated Comprehensive Assesses water-related impacts water (i.e. consumptive measurement of business risks Determines relative uses) only a water use and water- related business assessment of risks impacts Provides information on Measures countries and watersheds consumptive and nonconsumptive uses Divided into blue, green, Inventory results Provides many Divided into 5 modules: and grey footprints Impact divided into disparate components, 1. Water uses and Corporate footprints several different types of including key water impacts divided into operational quantified impact GRI Indicators, 2. Prioritized risks and supplychain categories inventories, risk 3. Risk mitigation footprints Impacts by production and performance options Results provide in actual phase metrics and geographic 4. Determining goals volumes Results expressed in mapping. 5. Water strategy weightedimpacts across different impact categories
Scope / Boundaries
Structure and Output
Acti vit y Surveys of flora and fauna
Land farming Planting
W i ldli f e B en e fit Monitors habitat changes and growth processes, documents plant growth and wildlife use and identifies future restoration opportunities Revegetates bare area, restores upper soil horizons and creates new habitat for wildlife Creates wildlife habitat (trees, shrubs, wildflowers, grasses, wetland plants) and increases species biodiversity
D u a l Purpos e Identifies trophy trees for future hiking trails and educates local graduate students in survey techniques Stabilizes soil and controls erosion, safely and economically treats land farm materials on-site. Controls erosion and storm water runoff, reducing river sediment load and improving water quality
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Bird boxes Constructed treatment wetland Provides artificial nesting cavities for birds and attracts avian species Creates wetland habitat for upland and wetland species, increases wildlife species biodiversity and creates shelter for aquatic species Attracts birds that consume insects and provides educational opportunities Replaces old water treatment system, treating storm water and ground water to allow site to meet water discharge permit limits
APPENDIX 3: - ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMMES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Opportunity International agreements Description Internationally binding agreements negotiated within the frame of United National international conventions or any other internationally recognized protocol. Regulation that caps the amounts of release of a product/ pollutant. Permits are issued to trade in the ability to release the product/ pollutant. Acts as an economic incentive by creating a specific market where the permits are traded. Regulations that demand the disclosure of data to authorities and/ or to the public. Includes pollutant release and transfer registers and can include nonstate regulatory obligations. May include energy reporting obligations as well as emissions reporting. Regulations aimed mainly at the consumption of fuel and/ or other energy types but not specifically GHG emissions. Examples 1. Creation of new markets
Cap and schemes
trade
1. Creation of financial markets
new
Emission reporting obligations
1. Creation of new markets
Fuel/ energy taxes and regulations
1. Reduction in energy/fuel use in supply chain contributing to lower product costs 2. Reduced energy/fuel expenditure due to efficiency
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Product efficiency regulations and standard Regulations or standards that require specific efficiency in the production or commercialization of a given product, e.g. buildings regulations concerning energy efficiency. Regulations or standards that impose specific labeling requirements on products e.g. can include GHG labeling of electricity. Voluntary agreements are a particular type of environmental instrument where contracts between state authorities and companies are agreed and specific targets are negotiated between the parties. Include wider regulations, such as Environmental Protection Acts (or Laws), planning and other regulations. Depending upon the industry you are involved in, any of the listed regulations may affect your business indirectly. regulations 1. Reduced energy/fuel expenditure due to efficiency regulations 2. Increased lending opportunities to customers 1. Deployment of new products to meet regulations 2. Increased demand for existing products 1. Benefits from government subsidies
Product labeling regulations and standard Voluntary agreements
General environmental regulations, including planning Indirect exposure through suppliers and clients
1. Benefits subsidies
from
government
1. Reduction in energy/fuel use in supply chain contributing to lower product costs
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Environmental Mapping and Strategy for IOCL 2010