INSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR STERLITECH SEPA CF CELL MEMBRANE ELEMENT CELL TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Page INTRODUCTION....1 1.1. Description.....

1 1.2. Safety Summary.....1 1.3. Principles of Operation...2 1.4. Service Assistance..2 SPECFICATIONS.3 2.1. Operating Parameters...3 2.2. Feed Flow Pumps.4 2.3. Fluid Transfers.4 2.4. Materials of Construction6 2.5. SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell Machine Features... 6 2.5.1. Accepts Any Flat Sheet.6 2.5.2. Unique Piston Clamping Mechanism....6 2.5.3. Compatible with Wide Range of Fluid Pumps.6 2.5.4. Concentrate Flow Control Valve. 7 2.5.5. Stainless Steel Body and Cell with Viton O-ring 7 2.5.6. Feed Spacers and Permeate Carriers.7 2.5.7. Multiple Ports for Instrumentation...7 2.5.8. Laminar or Turbulent Flow. 7 2.6. Required Accessories. 7 2.6.1. Piston Activation. 7 2.6.2. Feed Flow Pumps 8 2.7. Component Interchangeability8 2.8. SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell Applications.. 8 2.8.1. Biomedical....8 2.8.2. Food.9 2.8.3. Chemical Processing.9 2.8.4. Other Applications...9 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION....9 3.1. Major Components....9 PREPARATION AND START-UP11 4.1. Shipment Verification...11 4.2. Brass Quick Release Connector Installation.11

2.

3. 4.

5.

6.

7.

8. 9.

4.2.1. Hydraulic Fluid Warning.. 11 4.2.2. Brass Quick Release Installation13 4.3. Concentrate Flow Control Valve Installation14 4.4. O-ring, Shim, Feed Spacer, and Membrane Loading15 4.4.1. O-ring Installation...15 4.4.2. Shim Installation.15 4.4.3. Feed Spacer Installation..16 4.4.4. Membrane Installation.16 4.5. Permeate Carrier Loading..17 4.6. Cell Body Installation19 4.7. Assembled Cell Body Into Cell Holder Installation..20 4.8. Cell Holder Connections22 4.8.1. Cell Holder Hydraulic Pressure Source Installation....22 4.8.2. Quick Release Brass Fitting Connections22 4.9. Piston Clamping Activation23 4.9.1. Pneumatic Pressure...23 4.9.2. Hydraulic Pressure Source23 4.10. Piston Clamping Deactivation..24 4.11. Tubing Connections.24 4.11.1. Feed Vessel to Inlet Pump..24 4.11.2. Pump Outlet to Feed Inlet of Cell Body.24 4.11.3. Concentrate Flow Control Valve to Feed Vessel26 4.11.4. Permeate Outlet to Permeate Collection Vessel..26 OPERATION.27 5.1. Feed Flow Pump Activation.27 5.1.1. Membrane Performance Results..29 5.1.2. Membrane Cell Performance...29 5.2. Temperature Limits...29 5.3. Membrane Replacement30 5.4. Membrane Cleaning..30 TROUBLESHOOTING.....31 6.1. Leaks.....31 6.2. Decrease or Increase in Permeate Flux.....31 6.3. Piston Will Not Activate/Deactivate....31 SPARE PARTS LIST.32 7.1. Hardware, Feed Spacer, and Permeate Carrier.32 7.2. Replacement Accessories.34 7.3. Membrane Availability.34 RETURN MERCHANDISE AUTHORIZATION (RMA) PROCEDURE..34 WARRANTY34

FIGURES & TABLES Page Figure 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 5.17 5.6 Description SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell Flow Sequence3 Feed Velocity Versus Flow Rate.....3 Operating Parameters...4 Connections.....4 Materials of Construction... 5 Machine Dimensions and Weights......5 SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell Major Components and Flow Sequence.10 SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell with Gauge, Shim, Spacer, Membrane, Permeate, and Cell Top....12 SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell with Quick Release Option..............13 Concentrate Flow Control Valve Installation...14 O-ring Installation Into Cell Body Bottom...15 Feed Spacer Placement in Cavity.16 Membrane Element Cell Installation17 Wetting Permeate Carrier with Liquid.17 Sequence of Cell Bottom with Gauge, Shim, Spacer, Membrane, Permeate Carrier, and Cell Top.18 Placement of Cell Body Top onto Cell Body Bottom..19 Cell Body before Insertion into Cell Holder Botton20 Placing Cell Body into Cell Holder..21 Complete SEPA CF Membrane Element Unit.21 Complete SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell With Brass Fitting Connections...22 Tubing Connections.25 SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell Activation28 Upper Temperature Limits...29

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Description Sterlitech patented SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell is designed and manufactured for many years of trouble-free operation. The SEPA CF Membrane Cell is just one of a number of products Sterlitech manufactures for research and small-scale production. Prior to operating or servicing this device, this manual must be read and understood. Keep it and associated information near the machine. Should you have any questions, contact a customer service representative: Sterlitech Corporation 22027 70th Ave. S. Kent, WA 98032-1911 USA Phone: (253)437-0844 Fax: (253)437-0845 Toll Free: (877)544-4420 The SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell is a lab scale cross flow filtration unit that provides fast and accurate performance data with minimal amounts of product, expense, and time. Its unique design simulates the flow dynamics of larger, commercially available membrane elements such as industrial spiral wound membrane elements. By using a combination of Stainless Steel (SS) shims, feed spacers, and membranes, users can vary the operating conditions and fluid dynamics over broad ranges. Whether used as an evaluation device, process development tool, or for small-scale production, the SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell has the features and benefits that customers demand. NOTE: The SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell can be used in a variety of applications some included here. If you have any questions concerning your specific application, call Sterlitech Customer Service at (877) 544-4420. Sterlitech Customer Service is available Monday-Friday, 7:30am 5:00pm PST.

1.2. Safety Summary The safety summary does not contain all the safety statements in the manual. Other safety statements are included within the manual text and are enhanced and defined as follows: NOTE: Indicates statements that provide further information and clarifications. CAUTION: Indicates statements that are used to identify conditions or practices that could result in equipment or other property damage. WARNING: INDICATES STATEMENTS THAT ARE USED TO IDENTIFY CONDITIONS OR PRACTICES THAT COULD RESULT IN INJURY OR LOSS OF LIFE. 1

1.3. Principles of Operation A single piece of rectangular membrane is installed in the Cell Body Bottom (Figure 2.1) on top of the feed (foulant) spacer and shim (optional). Precut membrane from Sterlitech or flat sheet membrane from another source may be used. Guideposts assure proper alignment of the membrane. The permeate carrier is placed in the recess on the Cell Body Top. The cell body top fits over the guideposts of the cell body bottom. The guideposts assure proper orientation of the cell body halves. The assembled cell body is inserted into the Cell Holder. Hydraulic pressure is applied through a fitting in the side of the cell holder. They hydraulic pressure causes the piston to extend upward and compress the cell body against the Cell Holder Top. Double O-rings in the cell body provide a leak-proof seal. The feed stream is pumped from the user supplied Feed Vessel to the Feed Inlet. The feed inlet is located on the cell body bottom. Flow continues through a manifold into the membrane cavity. Once in the cavity, the solution flows tangentially across the Membrane surface. Solution flow is fully user controlled and is laminar or turbulent depending on the shim, feed spacer, fluid viscosity, and fluid velocity. A portion of solution permeates the membrane and flows through the Permeate Carrier, which is located in the cell body top. The permeate flows to the center of the cell body top, is collected in a manifold, and then flows out through the Permeate Outlet connection into a user-supplied Permeate Collection Vessel. The concentrate stream, which contains the material rejected by the membrane, continues sweeping over the membrane and collects in the manifold. The concentrate then flows through the Concentrate Flow Control Valve into a user-supplied vessel or back into the feed vessel (Figure 2.1). 1.4. Service Assistance If service assistance is required, take the following steps: 1. Consult the Troubleshooting Section of this manual (Section 6.0). If the problem cannot be identified and corrected by any of the procedures found in Troubleshooting, proceed to Step 2. 2. Call the Sterlitech Customer Service Center at (877)437-0844 or (253)437-0844. Customer Service representatives are available Monday through Friday between 7:30am and 4:30pm PST. Prior to making the call, please have the following information available: 1. Your purchase or our order number. 2. Application information: pH, temperature, membrane type, pressure, and flow. 2

2.

SPECIFICATIONS 2.1. Operating Parameters

TABLE 2.1 Feed Velocity Versus Flow Rate

FIGURE 2.1 SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell Flow Sequence 3

TABLE 2.2 Operating Parameters Effective Membrane Area: Hold-Up Volume: Maximum Pressure: 316SS Cell Body Maximum Temperature: 316SS Cell Body O-rings: pH Range: Cross Flow Velocity 140 cm (22-inch) 70 ml (2.4 ounces) 69 bar (1000 psig) 177C (350F) Viton* (Other materials available) Membrane Dependent Variable (Table 2.1)

TABLE 2.3 Connections Concentrate, Feed: Permeate: Hydraulic Port for Piston: 1/4-inch FNPT** 1/8-inch FNPT 1/4-inch FNPT

2.2 Feed Flow Pumps Most lab scale pumps, including peristaltic, centrifugal, diaphragm, and gear are acceptable. If necessary, contact Sterlitech for additional information. High-pressure plumbing and connections may be necessary between the feed pump and the cell body. 2.3 Fluid Transfer Standard tubing or hoses can be used for connecting cells to pumps and vessels. If necessary, contact Sterlitech for additional information. High-pressure plumbing and connections may be necessary between the feed pump and the cell body (Figure 2.1).

* Viton is a trademark of E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Inc. ** FNPT Female National Pipe Thread 4

TABLE 2.4 Materials of Construction

MACHINE PARTS Cell Body (316SS) Holder Concentrate Flow Control Valve O-rings Concentrate Pressure Gauge

MATERIAL 316 Stainless Steel Anodized Aluminum 316 Stainless Steel Viton 316 Stainless Steel

TABLE 2.5 Machine Dimensions and Weights

MACHINE PART Cell Body Holder Shim Feed Spacer Membrane Permeate Carrier

PART DIMENSIONS cm (inch) 6.5 x 8.38 x 2.04 (16.51 x 21.3 x 5.0) 20 x 28 x 20 (7.9 x 11.0 x 7.9) 14.6 x 9.5 (5.74 x 3.74) 14.6 x 9.5 (5.74 x 3.74) 19.1 x 14.0 (7.5 x 5.5) 14.6 x 9.5 (5.74 x 3.74)

PART SHIPPING WEIGHT Kg (lbs) 28g (1 oz) 21kg (46 lbs) 0.5kg (1 lb) 0.5kg (1 lb) 0.5kg (1 lb) 0.5kg (1 lb)

2.4 Materials of Construction The SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell is designed to limit the actual fluid flow to cell body. The holder does not contact the solution during normal operation. It is constructed of high-grade anodized aluminum to prevent oxidation and corrosion due to spills. In general, chemical compatibility is a concern for the cell body only, not the holder. Most chemicals are compatible with 316SS. Most strong acids are not recommended and may attack the cell body. If questionable, check your fluid with a chemical compatibility chart for Stainless Steel. The cell body is only available in 316SS. Cell body O-rings are Viton. The 2mm (75 mil) cell body bottom and the use of shims and spacers will allow customers to achieve maximum flexibility for a variety of applications and Research and Development (R&D) tests. 2.5 SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell Machine Features 2.5.1 Accepts Any Flat Sheet Maximum flexibility ensures the most effective and cost-effective membrane area chosen for future scale-up or small-scale production. A SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell accommodates any 19 cm x 14 cm (75.-inch x 5.5-inch) flat sheet membrane for a full 140 cm2 (22-inches2) of effective area. For convenience, Sterlitech offers precut and individually wrapped inserts in a single pack from our large selection of reverse osmosis (RO), Nanofiltration (NF), Ultrafiltration (UF), and Microfiltration (MF) elements. Some assortment packs are available, refer to the Spare Parts List (Section 7.0). 2.5.2 Unique Piston Clamping Mechanism Change-out takes less than one minute. The unique mechanism quickly seals the cell and provides uniform pressure to assure a perfect seal a significant improvement over other multiple bolt lab scale units with inherent, uneven torque and leak problems. The SEPA CF Membrane Element Cells versatile hydraulic mechanism requires an external source of hydraulic pressure. This may be an electric or manually operated hand pump. 2.5.3 Compatible with Wide Range of Fluid Pumps Special pumps are not required for the inlet feed flow. Many standard lab scale pumps can provide the wide range of pressure and flow that the SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell is capable of supporting your process.

2.5.4

Concentrate Flow Control Valve The Stainless Steel concentrate flow control valve gives users accurate control of pressure and flow over the surface. This easy-to-use valve is mounted on the concentrate outlet of the cell (Figure 2.1). The valve is easily removed for inspection and cleaning.

2.5.5

Stainless Steel Body and Cell with Viton O-ring The internal Viton O-ring contributes to flexibility of use by allowing almost any type of substance to be used with the cell. (Alternative materials are available).

2.5.6

Feed Spacers and Permeate Carriers Users select from a variety of spacer configurations, identical to those used in largescale operations, to help optimize flow characteristics for the particular solution being processed. Shim, mesh (diamond), or parallel feed spacers (along with the membrane and permeate carrier) are loaded into the cell body to simulate the actual flow characteristics of a wide variety of available spiral wound membranes. These shim/spacer combinations, in conjunction with the concentrate flow control valve, allow the user to test laminar or turbulent flow conditions.

2.5.7

Multiple Ports for Instrumentation Pressure gauges, flow meters, pH monitors, etc., are easily connected to the cell to monitor important process parameters. Pressure gauges indicating piston sealing pressure and concentrate fluid pressure are included as standard features with the system.

2.5.8

Laminar or Turbulent Flow Shear sensitive feed solutions can be processed in laminar flow mode while less sensitive solutions can be processed in turbulent flow mode to lessen fouling. The SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell is versatile enough to operate in either flow mode.

2.6 Required Accessories 2.6.1 Piston Activation Sterlitech offers a Hydraulic Hand Pump Kit (P/N 1230086) which can be used to pressurize the cell holder. The pump can be operated up to 69 bar (1000 psig). The 7

hydraulic hand pump comes complete with hydraulic fluid. It is the customers responsibility to provide an external source of hydraulic pressure.

WARNING: IF THE CUSTOMERS USES ANOTHER HYDRAULIC PRESSURE SOURCE, IT IS STRONGLY ADVISED THAT THEY ATTACH A PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE AND SET IT FOR 69 BAR (1000 PSIG). FAILURE TO DO SO MAY RESULT IN INJURY OR DAMAGE TO THE SYSTEM. STERLITECH WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DAMAGE TO THE SYSTEM IF THIS VALVE IS NOT INSTALLED OR PRESENT.

2.6.2

Feed Flow Pumps The SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell is compatible with a variety of different lab scale pumps. The pumps vary with regard to motive, force, flow, pressure, ease of use, price, and application. Any pump with less than 7.6 Lpm (2 gpm) should work for your application. Sterlitech offers different pump and motor combinations. We also sell VFD (variable frequency drive) to control the pump speed.

2.7 Component Interchangeability The cell holder comes in one standard size. All cells, regardless of the material or feed spacer size, fit into the holder. Therefore, if you purchase additional cells, be assured that they will fit and operate correctly with your existing cell holder. Note: The feed pump and hydraulic pressure source are required for operation and must be ordered separately.

2.8 SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell Applications 2.8.1 Biomedical Enzyme Purification Protein Separation and Concentration Cell Harvesting Antibiotic Concentration Plasma Separation

2.8.2

Food Whey and Milk Concentration Fruit Juice Clarification and Cold Sterilization Sugar/Starch Concentration Dextrose Purification Soy Whey Recovery

2.8.3

Chemical Processing Chemical Fractionation Organic Concentration, Fractionation, and Purifications Valuable Material Reclamation

2.8.4

Other Applications Acid Concentrations Acid Purification Brackish Water Desalination Concentration Colloidal Silica Removal Dye Purification ED* Paint Processes Low Pressure Brackish Water Desalination Oil/Water Separations Organics RO/NF Pretreatment Sea Water Desalination

* Electrodeposition (ED) 3.0 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 3.1 Major Components The SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell Flow Description (Figure 3.2) illustrates the typical configuration of a standard SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell system. Figure 3.2 shows the three major components of the system. 1. 2. 3. Cell Body Feed Pump Cell Holder

FIGURE 3.2 SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell Major Components and Flow Sequence 10

4.0

PREPARATION AND START-UP 4.1 Shipment Verification Remove the SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell from packing crate and identify the parts shown (Figure 3.2). Save box and packaging to use in case of a return (See return instructions on page 35). If the unit has been damaged or if components are missing, contact the shipping agent. A complete system includes: 1. Stainless Steel cell body top and bottom. 2. Anodized aluminum cell holder with piston high-pressure gauge. 3. Concentrate flow assembly with high-pressure gauge. 4. Tubing and hardware kit which includes: Feed spacers Permeate carriers Three-eighth (3/8)-inch diameter feed and 2.7 meter (9-feet) concentrate tubing. One-quarter (1/4)-inch diameter permeate tubing 91.4cm (3-feet)

5. Items to be ordered separately, include: 4.2 Membrane packs Assortment of shims and spacers Hydraulic hand pump and feed pump

Brass Quick Release Connector Installation 4.2.1 Hydraulic Fluid Warning They hydraulic fluid in the cell holder is Mobil DTE 20 Series Hydraulic Oil. WARNING: THE CELL HOLDER IS FILLED WITH HYDRAULIC FLUID. BEFORE USING THE SEPA CF MAMBRANE ELEMENT CELL FOR THE FIRST TIME, THE BRASS QUICK RELEASE CONNECTER MUST BE INSTALLED. FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS (SECTION 4.2.2) TO AVOID SPILLING HYDRAULIC FLUID.

11

FIGURE 4.3 SPEA CF Membrane Element Cell With Gauge, Shim, Spacer, Membrane Permeate, and Cell Top 12

4.2.2

Brass Quick Release Installation The shipping plug on your SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell must be replaced upon arrival. If you do not have a quick release brass fitting, replace the plug with the pump hose terminal male fitting, using an open-ended wrench*. STEPS 1. Move the holder to the vertical position with the shipping plug and/or pressure gauge facing upward. NOTE: Step 1 must be complete before Step 2. 2. Carefully remove the shipping plug that is temporarily in the hydraulic port on the cell holder (Figure 3.2). 3. Wrap Teflon** tape around the threads of the brass fitting prior to installation. Wrap tape clockwise around fitting while facing its open end, so as not to bind tape while threading. 4. Replace the plug with the quick release brass fitting. 5. Tighten the brass fitting with an open-ended wrench*. * ** 1-inch wrench suggested. Teflon is a trademark of E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Inc.

FIGURE 4.4 SEPA CF Membrane Element Cell with Quick Release Option 13

4.3

Concentrate Flow Control Valve Installation STEPS 1. Identify the cell body bottom with four (4) guideposts (alignment pins) and two (2) Orings inlaid in the groove (Figure 3.2). 2. Wrap Teflon tape around the threads of the concentration flow control valve assembly prior to installation into the cell body bottom. This will prevent the cell body bottom from leaking. 3. Screw the concentrate valve into the open port (Figure 4.5). NOTE: If you are cutting your own membrane, the membranes outer edge should fit between the inner and outer O-rings in the cell body bottom to prevent leakage.

FIGURE 4.5 Concentrate Flow Control Valve Installation 14

4.4

O-ring, Shim, Feed Spacer, and Membrane Loading STEPS 4.4.1 O-ring Installation 1. Check to ensure the O-rings in the cell body bottom fit properly in the grooves (Figure 4.6). The O-rings should lie flat within the grooves. 2. Wet the O-rings with a small amount of water or the fluid to be processed. NOTE: Leaking may occur if the O-rings do not lie flat in the grooves. The Orings will be cut or smashed when the system is operating if the O-rings are not installed correctly. 4.4.2 Shim Installation Place a shim in the bottom of the cavity (Figure 4.3). The combination of the shim, spacer, membrane, and permeate carrier should leave approximately 0.03 0.05mm (1.0 2.0 mil) space in the cavity for optimum conditions. Operating the system in the 2 mm (75 mil) with a thin spacer alone may cause the membrane to distort or wrinkle when under pressure.

FIGURE 4.6 O-ring Installation Into Cell Body Bottom 15

4.4.3

Feed Spacer Installation Install the feed spacer in the central cavity of the cell body bottom (Figure 4.7). Note: Ensure that the feed spacer lies flat and is contained within the central cavity. Do not confuse the feed spacer with the permeate spacer. While they are both cut to the same size, the permeate carrier has a tight weave and is thinner than the feed spacer. Some spacers have a diamond or parallel appearance.

FIGURE 4.7 Feed Spacer Placement In Cavity 4.4.4 Membrane Installation Place a piece of precut membrane over the feed spacer. Use the four (4) guideposts to hold the membrane in position (Figure 4.8). Note: It is easier to insert one end of the membrane at a time over the pins (Figure 4.8). Note: If you are cutting your own membrane, the membranes outer edge should fit between the inner and outer O-rings in the cell body bottom to prevent leakage. In general, membranes coated on substrate have a shiny, active side and a dull, substrate side. The membrane should be installed with the shiny or active side down

16

toward the feed spacer. The active side of the membrane is damaged easily and, therefore, should be handled with care. 4.5 Permeate Carrier Loading STEPS 1. Indentify the cell body top with four (4) holes in the corners that accept the alignment pins of the cell body bottom. Lay the cell body top on a flat surface. Ensure that the side with the machine cavity and permeate collection holes faces down. Wet the permeate carrier with water or the fluid to be processed (Figure 4.9). Place the wetted permeate carrier in the cavity of the cell body top. NOTE: The surface tension caused by wetting the permeate carrier will keep it in place. The alignment holes in the cell body top should fit snugly over the alignment pins located in the cell body bottom.

2.

3. 4.

FIGURE 4.8 Membrane Element Cell Installation

FIGURE 4.9 Wetting Permeate Carrier With Liquid

NOTE: The permeate carrier is cut to the same dimensions as the feed spacer, but the permeate carrier has a tight weave and is thinner than the feed spacer. Do not confuse the two pieces because improper use of either piece may result in leakage or faulty operation.

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FIGURE 4.10 Sequence of Cell Bottom with Guage, Shim, Spacer, Membrane, Permeate Carrier, and Cell Top 18

4.6

Cell Body Installation Turn the cell body top over and assemble onto the cell body bottom (Figure 4.11). The alignment holes in the cell body top should fit snugly over the alignment pins located on the cell body bottom. NOTE: The surface tension caused by wetting the permeate carrier will keep it in place.

FIGURE 4.11 Placement of Cell Body Top Onto Cell Body Bottom

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4.7

Assembled Cell Body into Cell Holder Installation Once the cell body is assembled (Sections 4.2 4.6): STEPS 1. 2. Insert the cell body into the cell holder (Figures 4.12 and 4.13). Insert until the cell body rests against the two (2) stops in the cell holder (Figure 4.13).

NOTE: The permeate outlet of the cell body top can face the front or back. Permeate generally exits from the front or the same side as the feed and concentrate ports in the cell body bottom.

FIGURE 4.12 Cell Body Before Insertion Into Cell Holder Bottom

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FIGURE 4.13 Placing Cell Body Into Cell Holder

FIGURE 4.14 Complete SEPA Membrane Element Unit 21

4.8

Cell Holder Connections

FIGURE 4.15 Complete SEPA Membrane Element Cell With Brass Fitting Connections 4.8.1 Cell Holder Hydraulic Pressure Source Installation STEP Attach the proper hose or connect the quick-connect tubing from the hydraulic pressure source to the side brass fitting on the cell holder. 4.8.2 Quick Release Brass Fitting Connections STEPS 1. 2. 3. Push the two quick release fittings together, the outer collar of the female fitting will pop-out about 3.2 mm (1/8-inch). Rotate the collar on the female fitting turn so the notch and the grove do not line up. (This will keep the two fittings from accidentally coming apart.) To remove quick release fittings, release all hydraulic pressure in the system. Turn the collar on the female fitting until the notch and the grove line up, push the collar and the two fittings will come apart. DO NOT DISCONNECT THE TWO QUICK RELEASE FITTINGS WHILE THE SYSTEM IS PRESSURIZED. The hose MUST have the proper pressure rating for the application. 22

WARNING:

CAUTION:

4.9

Piston Clamping Activation 4.9.1 Pneumatic Pressure STEPS 1. 2. Always place cell body into cell holder first, before Step 2. Always raise hydraulic pressure on cell body to pressure greater than the desired operating conditions, before Step 3. (Turn knob clockwise in most cases.) Turn on inlet feed pump and keep pressure equal or preferably lower than hydraulic pressure on cell body or cell body may leak, injuring the membrane and O-ring. CAUTION: The cell body must always be inside the cell holder before activating the hydraulic pressure. The cell holder should always be activated with the hydraulic pressure before pressurizing the cell body. During operation, the pressure in the cell holder on the cell body must equal or exceed the operating feed pressure going to the cell to ensure a leak-proof seal of the cell body.

3.

NOTE:

WARNING: THE PISTON PRESSURE MUST NEVER EXCEED 69 BAR (1000 PSIG)! WARNING: BEFORE ACTIVATING THE PISTON: ENSURE THAT NOTHING IS BETWEEN THE PISTON AND THE CELL BODY. 4. Ensure that the cell body is properly positioned in the cell holder (against the stops).

4.9.2 Hydraulic Pressure Source If a Sterlitech hydraulic hand pump is being used, verify that the valve on the hand pump is turned clockwise as far as it will go before starting the pump. Instructions are also provided with the hydraulic hand pump.

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4.10

Piston Clamping Deactivation STEPS 1. Turn the inlet feed pump OFF and drain system so pressure is at zero [0 bar (0 psig)]. 2. Turn the knob on the hydraulic pump counterclockwise as far as it will go. 3. Once the pressure is released you may carefully remove the deactivated cell body from the cell holder. CAUTION: CELL BODY IS VERY HEAVY: 14.5 KG (32 LBS).

4.11

Tubing Connections Figure 4.16 (Tubing Connections) shows the plumping connections that need to be made for operation of the SEPA Membrane Element Cell. The configuration can change slightly depending on the objectives of the user. In general, the connections to be made are: 4.11.1 Feed Vessel to Inlet Pump STEPS 1. Connect a length of 3/8-inch nylon tubing from the feed vessel to the inlet of the pump. 2. Once the fitting is in place, the tubing is simply inserted firmly into the open end (Figure 4.16). The tubing should seat in the fitting and you should not be able to remove it easily. 4.11.2 Pump Outlet to Feed Inlet of Cell Body STEPS 1. Tubing must be appropriately rated for this operation pressure. Connect a length of 3/8-inch tubing or high-pressure hose from the outlet of the pump to the feed inlet of the cell body (Figure 4.16). 2. Connect one end of the tubing to the pump outlet in the same manner as you did the tubing to the pump to the feed inlet of the cell body.

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FIGURE 4.16 Tubing Connections WARNING: NYLON TUBING IS RATED FOR OPERATIONS LESS THAN 17.2 BAR (250 PSIG), HIGH-PRESSURE TUBING MUST BE USED. OTHER STREAMS (CONCENTRATE AND PERMEATE) MAY USE LOW PRESSURE TUBING BECAUSE THESE STREAMS ARE NOT PRESSURIZED. 25

4.11.3 Concentrate Flow Control Valve to Feed Vessel STEPS 1. Connect a length of 3/8-inch nylon tubing from the concentrate flow control valve to the feed vessel (Figure 4.16) in the same manner as Section 4.11.2. Fittings are supplied. Simply screw the 3/8-inch male pipe thread of the fitting into the female threads of the pump. An adapter may be necessary. 2. Insert the free end of the tubing into the feed vessel, or a separate vessel if you wish to collect it separately (Figure 4.16). 4.11.4 Permeate Outlet to Permeate Collection Vessel 1. Connect a length of -inch nylon tubing from the permeate outlet to the permeate collection vessel. 2. Connect tubing to the permeate outlet using the fitting provided (Figure 4.16). 3. Insert the free end of the tubing into the permeate collection vessels (Figure 4.16). Ensure that all connections are snug and that the flow of fluid will be from the feed vessel into the inlet of the cell body bottom. The concentrate should then flow out of the concentrate flow control valve into the feed vessel or a separate vessel. Permeate should flow out of the permeate outlet into a permeate collection vessel. The SEPA Membrane Element Cell is now ready for operation.

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5.0

OPERATION 5.1 Feed Flow Pump Activation 1. Turn the feed flow pump ON.

NOTE: Remember to set the feed pressure less than or equal to the piston pressure on the cell holder/cell body. Verify by comparing the reading on the piston cell holder pressure gauge (Figure 5.17) to the reading on the concentrate pressure gauge. 2. Adjust the concentrate flow control valve to obtain the desired pressure and flow. Experimentation enables you to determine the optimum settings depending on the membrane chosen and the fluid being processed. A good starting point may be to set the system at 1.7 bar (25 psig) pressure for Ultrafiltration, 17.2 bar (250 psig) for reverse osmosis, and 2 3 Lpm (0.5 0.8 gpm) concentrate flow. If this does not produce the desired results then the parameters can easily be adjusted and different membranes can be used.

27

FIGURE 5.17 SEPA Membrane Element Cell Activation 28

5.1.1

Membrane Performance Results Spiral wound membranes containing mesh spacers are usually operated with a fluid velocity across the membrane surface of 0.1 0.5 m/sec (0.3 1.6 ft/sec). Higher velocities in membranes may lead to excessive pressure differential across the membrane and possible damage. Hollow fiber membranes, tubular membranes, and membranes with tubular spacers may be operated at higher velocities, but this may not contribute to a more effective operation.

5.1.2

Membrane Cell Performance Other parameters such as viscosity, pressure, and suspended solids may also affect performance/operation. Experimentation with the SEPA Membrane Element Cell can help predict the best operating parameters. If your pump is delivering too much flow, a portion of the flow can be diverted back to the feed container before entering the feed inlet of the cell body. This requires installation of T fitting and a valve on the pump outlet, which is not supplied with the system.

5.5

Temperature Limits The membranes, feed spacer, permeate, O-rings, and cell body materials construction dictates maximum temperatures.

TABLE 5.6 Upper Temperature Limits 316 SS Cell: Membrane Element: Feed Spacer: Permeate Carrier: 177C (350F) Variable 82C (180F) 82C (180F)

Autoclaving the 316SS cell body is acceptable, recognizing the temperature limitation of 82C (180F) on the membrane, feed spacer, and permeate carrier. The cell holder should never need to be autoclaved because it does not come into contact with the process fluid.

29

5.3

Membrane Replacement NOTE: Read and review Sections 4.2 4.11 for procedures, notes, cautions, and warnings. STEPS 1. Turn the feed flow pump OFF. 2. Turn the knob (counterclockwise) on the pressure relief valve on the hydraulic pump to release the hydraulic pressure in the system. 3. Slide the cell body out of the cell holder. 4. Separate the cell body top from the cell body bottom. 5. Replace the membrane. 6. Replace the permeate carrier, if necessary. NOTE: Typically the feed spacer and permeate carrier do not have to be removed. 7. Install new membrane (Section 4.4.4). 8. Reassemble the cell body top and bottom (Section 4.6). 9. Return the cell body to the cell holder (Sections 4.12 and 4.13). 10. Reactivate the piston mechanism (Section 4.9). 11. Turn the feed flow pump ON.

5.4

Membrane Cleaning The SEPA Membrane Element Cell can be cleaned easily after the membrane is removed. However, you may wish to stimulate the actual cleaning conditions of Cleaning-In-Place (CIP) in larger systems with spiral-wound or tubular membranes. This can be done with CIP. CleanIn-Place chemically cleans without removing the membrane to mechanically scrub the unit. During CIP, cleaning solutions are re-circulated and, in some cases, allowed to sit for a period of time within the cell body. In some cases, the feed pump can be used to re-circulate the cleaning solutions.

30

6.0

TROUBLESHOOTING 6.1 Leaks Fittings may leak if they become loosened. Simply tightening the fittings may repair leaks or by removing the fittings, applying thread sealing tape, and resealing. If fittings are broken, replace immediately. 6.2 Decrease or Increase in Permeate Flux A decrease in permeate flux during operation may be caused by a number of factors, including: incompatibility of the membrane and the fluid being processed, insufficient fluid velocity across the membrane surface, excessive pressure drawing contaminants to the membrane surface and fouling, and decrease in pump performance. For comparison flux of a membrane with approximately 10k rating at 3.4 bar (50 psig) on water should be about 60 mL/m (29-oz/min). Higher molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) membranes will have higher fluxes and lower MWCO membranes will have lower fluxes. The cause of decreased permeate flux is usually easy to determine by experimenting with the parameters mentioned above. A dramatic increase in permeate flux during operation may indicate membrane element damage and the membrane element sample should be analyzed for cracks or other damages. 6.3 Piston Will Not Activate/Deactivate WARNING: ALWAYS INSERT CELL BEFORE ACTIVATING HYDRAULIC HAND PUMP. Verify that the pressure gauge holds pressure and is working properly. Check for leaks around pressure gauge and fittings. Pressure gauge should not show declining pressure. To locate leaks NOTE: (declining pressure), apply soapy water to connections. Bubbles will form where leaks are present. Check to see if the permeate is getting into the piston cavity by monitoring the piston pressure gauge as you try to pressurize the piston. If the gauge indicates pressure, but the piston is not activated, return the unit to Sterlitech. For returns, follow the Return Merchandise Authorization procedure (Section 8.0).

31

7.0

SPARE PARTS LIST 7.1 Hardware, Pumps, Feed Spacer, and Permeate Carrier Hardware, Complete Units* Shipping box cm (inches) Weight kg (lbs) 25 x 14.25 x 13.5 (11.02 x 5.61 x 5.31) 39 kg (86 lbs) Part Number 1230060

SEPA Medium/High Foulant System (316SS Cell Body) for up to 75 mil channel height *

Complete Units include: Cell Body, Aluminum Cell Holder with Pressure Gauge, and Concentrate Flow Control Valve with Pressure Gauge Kit. Pressure Gauge Kit includes Feed Spacers, Permeate Carriers, Tubing, spare Viton O-rings, and Instruction Manual. Shipping box cm (inches) Weight kg (lbs) 16.5 x 24.1 x 68.5 (6.50 x 9.49 x 27.0) 5 kg (11 lbs) Contact Sterlitech Part Number 1230086 Contact Sterlitech

Pumps (Additional Required Equipment) Hydraulic Hand Pump Kit Feed Flow Pump

NOTE:

The hand pump and inlet feed pump MUST be purchased separately.

32

Feed Carrier, Permeate Carrier, and Shim Packs [cm (inch)]

Shipping Box cm (inches) kg (lbs) 18 x 18 (7 x 7) envelope 0.5 kg (1 lb) 18 x 18 (7 x 7) envelope 0.5 kg (1 lb) 18 x 18 (7 x 7) envelope 0.5 kg (1 lb) 18 x 18 (7 x 7) envelope 0.5 kg (1 lb)

Part Number

Permeate Carrier (5/pack) [14.6 x 9.5 (5.7 x 3.0)] 34 mil Feed Spacer (5/pack) [14.6 x 9.5 (5.7 x 3.0)] 47 mil Feed Spacer (5/pack) [14.6 x 9.5 (5.7 x 3.0)] 65 mil Feed Spacer (5/pack) [14.6 x 9.5 (5.7 x 3.0)] Feed Spacer Assortment Pack (17, 31, 47, and 65 mil parallel) 1 pack each

1142817

1142818

1143763

1142819

18 x 18 (7 x 7) envelope 0.5 kg (1 lb)

1232558

Shims (12 total/pack): 4 of 2 mil 4 of 5 mil 2 of 10 mil 1 of 15 mil 1 of 25 mil

18 x 18 (7 x 7) envelope 0.5 kg (1 lb)

1231104

7.2 Replacement Accessories 33

Replacement Accessory

Shipping Box cm (inches) kg (lbs) 18 x 21 (7.1 x 8.3) 28g (1 oz) 16.25 x 13 x 12 (6.4 x 5.1 x 4.7) 21 kg (46 lbs) 26 x 16 x 16 (10.2 x 6.3 x 6.3) 0.9 kg (2 lbs) 36 x 28 x 13 (14.2 x 11.0 x 5.1) 14.5 kg (32 lbs)

Part Number

Viton O-ring

1143205

Aluminum Cell Holder Only Concentrate Control Valve SEPA Cell Only 316SS 75 mil

1230029

1149418

1230064

7.3 Membrane Availability Refer to Sterlitechs website at www.sterlitech.com for a complete selection of membranes.

34

8.0

RETURN MERCHANDISE AUTHORIZATION (RMA) PROCEDURE If you wish to return goods for repair, warranty evaluation and/or credit, please have your original sales order or invoice available when you call Sterlitech. Call (877)544-4420 or (253) 437-0844 to speak with Customer Service. A Sterlitech Customer Service representative will provide instructions and a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number which needs to be clearly written on the outside of the box used to ship your materials. All equipment must be shipped to Sterlitech with the freight prepaid by the customer. Call our Customer Service Center with any questions or issues concerning freight claims and a representative will discuss your situation. All materials to be returned must be rendered into a non-hazardous condition prior to shipping.

9.0

WARRANTY The following is made in lieu of all other warranties expressed or implied. Sterlitech guarantees equipment to be free from defects in material and workmanship when operated within written instructions for a period of one (1) year from receipt. Parts not manufactured by Sterlitech are covered by their manufacturers warranties that are normally for one (1) year. Manufacturer and Sellers only obligation shall be to issue credit against the purchase or replacement of equipment proved to be defective in material and workmanship. Neither Manufacturer nor Seller shall be liable for any injury, loss or damage, misuse, or the inability to use such product. The information contained herein is based on technical data and tests we believe to be reliable and is intended for use by persons having technical skill at their discretion and risk. Since conditions of use are outside Sterlitechs control, we can assume no liability whatsoever for results obtained or damages incurred through the applications of the data presented. This information is not intended as a license to operate under, or a recommendation to infringe upon any patent of Sterlitech or others covering any materials or use. The foregoing may not be altered except by a written agreement signed by officers of the Manufacturer. For more information, questions, or technical support on the SEPA Membrane Element Cell, please visit the Sterlitech website at www.sterlitech.com, or contact Technical Support at: Sterlitech Corporation 22027 70th Ave. S Kent, WA 98032-1911 USA Phone: (253) 437-0844 / Fax: (253) 437-0845 Toll Free: (877) 544-4420 35

(253) 437-0844 for more information, (877) 544-4420, or visit www.sterlitech.com Sterlitech Corporation 22027 70th Ave. S Kent, WA 98032-1911 USA (253) 437-0844 Phone (253) 437-0845 Fax