1.

Definition
A CPU (or "central processing unit" as it is technically referred to) is a small piece of electronic equipment that is designed to operate other pieces of electronic equipment. Essentially, it is a small circuit that carries out basic instructions that tell whatever it is inside of how to operate. For example, in a computer the CPU's job is to load the operating system, which is the piece of software that allows you to do things like access the Internet and write Word documents.

Fetch/Decode
A CPU will execute a total of four steps before finishing its job and operating whatever piece of electronic equipment you've attempted to turn on. The first of those steps is referred to as the "fetch" step, where the CPU will look into its memory for a list of instructions of what to do next. After that is the "decode" step, where the total instructions are all assigned to different, relevant parts of the CPU itself.

Execute/Writeback
The next step is referred to as the "execute" step, and is where all of the instructions are executed by the CPU. To return to the example of a personal computer, it is at this point that the CPU has loaded your operating system. At this point the CPU's job is essentially over. The last step is referred to as the "writeback" step, and is where the CPU stores data of the results of the previous step to its memory should the need for a record of such data arise in the future. Read more: What Does a CPU Do? | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/howdoes_4914716_what-does-cpu-do.html#ixzz0zIDbmiAk 2. Secondary storage (or external memory) differs from primary storage in that it is not directly accessible by the CPU. The computer usually uses its input/output channels to access secondary storage and transfers the desired data using intermediate area in primary storage. Secondary storage does not lose the data when the device is powered downit is non-volatile. Per unit, it is typically also two orders of magnitude less expensive than primary storage. Consequently, modern computer systems typically have two orders of magnitude more secondary storage than primary storage and data is kept for a longer time there. In modern computers, hard disk drives are usually used as secondary storage. The time taken to access a given byte of information stored on a hard disk is typically a few thousandths of a second, or milliseconds. By contrast, the time taken to access a given byte of information stored in random access memory is measured in billionths of a second, or nanoseconds. This illustrates the very significant access-time difference which

distinguishes solid-state memory from rotating magnetic storage devices: hard disks are typically about a million times slower than memory. Rotating optical storage devices, such as CD and DVD drives, have even longer access times. With disk drives, once the disk read/write head reaches the proper placement and the data of interest rotates under it, subsequent data on the track are very fast to access. As a result, in order to hide the initial seek time and rotational latency, data are transferred to and from disks in large contiguous blocks. When data reside on disk, block access to hide latency offers a ray of hope in designing efficient external memory algorithms. Sequential or block access on disks is orders of magnitude faster than random access, and many sophisticated paradigms have been developed to design efficient algorithms based upon sequential and block access . Another way to reduce the I/O bottleneck is to use multiple disks in parallel in order to increase the bandwidth between primary and secondary memory.[2] Some other examples of secondary storage technologies are: flash memory (e.g. USB flash drives or keys), floppy disks, magnetic tape, paper tape, punched cards, standalone RAM disks, and Iomega Zip drives. The secondary storage is often formatted according to a file system format, which provides the abstraction necessary to organize data into files and directories, providing also additional information (called metadata) describing the owner of a certain file, the access time, the access permissions, and other information. Most computer operating systems use the concept of virtual memory, allowing utilization of more primary storage capacity than is physically available in the system. As the primary memory fills up, the system moves the least-used chunks (pages) to secondary storage devices (to a swap file or page file), retrieving them later when they are needed. As more of these retrievals from slower secondary storage are necessary, the more the overall system performance is degraded. 3. Short for input/output (pronounced "eye-oh"). The term I/O is used to describe any program, operation or device that transfers data to or from a computer and to or from a peripheral device. Every transfer is an output from one device and an input into another. Devices such as keyboards and mouses are input-only
devices while devices such as printers are output-only. A writable CD-ROM is both an input and an output device. 4. A program or piece of code that is loaded onto your computer without your knowledge and runs against your wishes. Viruses can also replicate themselves. All computer viruses are manmade. A simple virus that can make a copy of itself over and over again is relatively easy to produce. Even such a simple virus is dangerous because it will quickly use all available memory and bring the system to a halt. An even more dangerous type of virus is one capable of transmitting itself across networks and bypassing security systems. Since 1987, when a virus infected ARPANET, a large network used by the Defense Department and many universities, many antivirus programs have become available. These programs periodically check your computer system for the best-known types of viruses.

Some people distinguish between general viruses and worms. A worm is a special type of virus that can replicate itself and use memory, but cannot attach itself to other programs.

5. Information
Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web, or just the Web, interchangeably, but the two terms are not synonymous. The World Wide Web is a global set of documents, images and other resources, logically interrelated by hyperlinks and referenced with Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). URIs allow providers to symbolically identify services and clients to locate and address web servers, file servers, and other databases that store documents and provide resources and access them using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), the primary carrier protocol of the Web. HTTP is only one of the hundreds of communication protocols used on the Internet. Web services may also use HTTP to allow software systems to communicate in order to share and exchange business logic and data. World Wide Web browser software, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Apple's Safari, and Google Chrome, let users navigate from one web page to another via hyperlinks embedded in the documents. These documents may also contain any combination of computer data, including graphics, sounds, text, video, multimedia and interactive content including games, office applications and scientific demonstrations. Through keyword-driven Internet research using search engines like Yahoo! and Google, users worldwide have easy, instant access to a vast and diverse amount of online information. Compared to printed encyclopedias and traditional libraries, the World Wide Web has enabled the decentralization of information. The Web has also enabled individuals and organizations to publish ideas and information to a potentially large audience online at greatly reduced expense and time delay. Publishing a web page, a blog, or building a website involves little initial cost and many cost-free services are available. Publishing and maintaining large, professional web sites with attractive, diverse and up-to-date information is still a difficult and expensive proposition, however. Many individuals and some companies and groups use web logs or blogs, which are largely used as easily updatable online diaries. Some commercial organizations encourage staff to communicate advice in their areas of specialization in the hope that visitors will be impressed by the expert knowledge and free information, and be attracted to the corporation as a result. One example of this practice is Microsoft, whose product developers publish their personal blogs in order to pique the public's interest in their work. Collections of personal web pages published by large service providers remain popular, and have become increasingly sophisticated. Whereas operations such as Angelfire and GeoCities have existed since the early days of the Web, newer offerings from, for example, Facebook and MySpace currently have large followings. These operations often brand themselves as social network services rather than simply as web page hosts. Advertising on popular web pages can be lucrative, and e-commerce or the sale of products and services directly via the Web continues to grow. In the early days, web

pages were usually created as sets of complete and isolated HTML text files stored on a web server. More recently, websites are more often created using content management or wiki software with, initially, very little content. Contributors to these systems, who may be paid staff, members of a club or other organization or members of the public, fill underlying databases with content using editing pages designed for that purpose, while casual visitors view and read this content in its final HTML form. There may or may not be editorial, approval and security systems built into the process of taking newly entered content and making it available to the target visitors.

Communication
E-mail is an important communications service available on the Internet. The concept of sending electronic text messages between parties in a way analogous to mailing letters or memos predates the creation of the Internet. Today it can be important to distinguish between internet and internal e-mail systems. Internet e-mail may travel and be stored unencrypted on many other networks and machines out of both the sender's and the recipient's control. During this time it is quite possible for the content to be read and even tampered with by third parties, if anyone considers it important enough. Purely internal or intranet mail systems, where the information never leaves the corporate or organization's network, are much more secure, although in any organization there will be IT and other personnel whose job may involve monitoring, and occasionally accessing, the e-mail of other employees not addressed to them. Pictures, documents and other files can be sent as e-mail attachments. E-mails can be cc-ed to multiple e-mail addresses. Internet telephony is another common communications service made possible by the creation of the Internet. VoIP stands for Voice-over-Internet Protocol, referring to the protocol that underlies all Internet communication. The idea began in the early 1990s with walkie-talkie-like voice applications for personal computers. In recent years many VoIP systems have become as easy to use and as convenient as a normal telephone. The benefit is that, as the Internet carries the voice traffic, VoIP can be free or cost much less than a traditional telephone call, especially over long distances and especially for those with always-on Internet connections such as cable or ADSL. VoIP is maturing into a competitive alternative to traditional telephone service. Interoperability between different providers has improved and the ability to call or receive a call from a traditional telephone is available. Simple, inexpensive VoIP network adapters are available that eliminate the need for a personal computer. Voice quality can still vary from call to call but is often equal to and can even exceed that of traditional calls. Remaining problems for VoIP include emergency telephone number dialling and reliability. Currently, a few VoIP providers provide an emergency service, but it is not universally available. Traditional phones are line-powered and operate during a power failure; VoIP does not do so without a backup power source for the phone equipment and the Internet access devices. VoIP has also become increasingly popular for gaming applications, as a form of communication between players. Popular VoIP clients for gaming include Ventrilo and Teamspeak. Wii, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360 also offer VoIP chat features.

Data transfer
File sharing is an example of transferring large amounts of data across the Internet. A computer file can be e-mailed to customers, colleagues and friends as an attachment. It can be uploaded to a website or FTP server for easy download by others. It can be put into a "shared location" or onto a file server for instant use by colleagues. The load of bulk downloads to many users can be eased by the use of "mirror" servers or peer-to-peer networks. In any of these cases, access to the file may be controlled by user authentication, the transit of the file over the Internet may be obscured by encryption, and money may change hands for access to the file. The price can be paid by the remote charging of funds from, for example, a credit card whose details are also passedusually fully encryptedacross the Internet. The origin and authenticity of the file received may be checked by digital signatures or by MD5 or other message digests. These simple features of the Internet, over a worldwide basis, are changing the production, sale, and distribution of anything that can be reduced to a computer file for transmission. This includes all manner of print publications, software products, news, music, film, video, photography, graphics and the other arts. This in turn has caused seismic shifts in each of the existing industries that previously controlled the production and distribution of these products. Streaming media refers to the act that many existing radio and television broadcasters promote Internet "feeds" of their live audio and video streams (for example, the BBC). They may also allow time-shift viewing or listening such as Preview, Classic Clips and Listen Again features. These providers have been joined by a range of pure Internet "broadcasters" who never had on-air licenses. This means that an Internet-connected device, such as a computer or something more specific, can be used to access on-line media in much the same way as was previously possible only with a television or radio receiver. The range of available types of content is much wider, from specialized technical webcasts to on-demand popular multimedia services. Podcasting is a variation on this theme, whereusually audiomaterial is downloaded and played back on a computer or shifted to a portable media player to be listened to on the move. These techniques using simple equipment allow anybody, with little censorship or licensing control, to broadcast audio-visual material worldwide. Webcams can be seen as an even lower-budget extension of this phenomenon. While some webcams can give full-frame-rate video, the picture is usually either small or updates slowly. Internet users can watch animals around an African waterhole, ships in the Panama Canal, traffic at a local roundabout or monitor their own premises, live and in real time. Video chat rooms and video conferencing are also popular with many uses being found for personal webcams, with and without two-way sound. YouTube was founded on 15 February 2005 and is now the leading website for free streaming video with a vast number of users. It uses a flash-based web player to stream and show video files. Registered users may upload an unlimited amount of video and build their own personal profile. YouTube claims that its users watch hundreds of millions, and upload hundreds of thousands of videos daily.[19]

6. The Mail and Catalog Merge Wizard guides you through the steps involved in creating a mail merge. The following procedures provide detailed information about creating a mail merge in step-by-step order. HideStep 1 of 5: Select a merge type 1. On the Tools menu, point to Mail and Catalog Merge, and then click Mail and Catalog Merge Wizard. 2. In the Mail and Catalog Merge task pane, under Select a merge type, click Mail Merge. 3. Click Next: Select data source. HideStep 2 of 5: Select data source 1. In the Mail and Catalog Merge task pane (Step 2: Select data source), do one of the following: ShowConnect to an existing list or data source, such as a database, a spreadsheet, a Microsoft Word table, or an Address List 1. Under Select data source, click Use an existing list, and then click Browse. By default, Microsoft Publisher opens the My Data Sources folder. If your data source is located somewhere other than the My Data Sources folder, you may need to browse to locate it. 2. In the Select Data Source dialog box, click the data source (data source: A file that contains information that can be merged into a publication. For example, a list of names and addresses, or paths to pictures you want to use in a mail or catalog merge. You must connect to a data source to perform a merge.) that you want. 3. Click Open. Depending on the type of data source you select, other dialog boxes may appear requesting specific information. For example, if your data source is a Microsoft Excel worksheet that has information on multiple tabs, you need to select the tab that contains the information you want, and then click OK. ShowConnect to a Microsoft Outlook Contacts list 1. Under Select data source, click Select from Outlook contacts, and then click Choose Contacts Folder. 2. In the Select Contact List folder dialog box, click the contact list you want, and then click OK. All of the contacts in the folder appear in the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box, where you can filter and sort the list of recipients to include in the merge. ShowCreate a new address list

1. Under Select data source, click Type a new list, and then click Create. 2. In the New Address List dialog box, under Enter Address Information, type the information for the first entry in the relevant fields. You do not have to fill in every field. 3. When you have finished entering information for the first entry, click New Entry. 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you have finished adding entries, and then click Close. 5. In the Save Address List dialog box, type a name for the address list in the File name box, and select a folder in which to save the list. By default, the address list is saved in the My Data Sources folder. It is best to keep the address list here because this is also the default folder in which Publisher looks for data sources. All of the contacts in your new list appear in the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box, where you can filter and sort the list of recipients to include in the merge. 2. In the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box, select the recipients you want to include. ShowHow? 1. Do one of the following: ShowUse the check boxes to designate recipients * In the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box, select the check boxes next to the recipients you want to include, and clear the check boxes next to the recipients you want to exclude. ShowTip If you want to include only a few records in the list, click Clear All, and then select the records you want. ShowFilter items in the list If you only want to use certain entries in your list, you can filter your list by a specific criterion. After you filter the list, you can use the check boxes to include and exclude records. 1. Click the arrow next to the column heading of the item you want to filter by. 2. Click any of the following: * (Blanks) displays all the records in which the corresponding field is blank. * (Nonblanks) displays all the records in which the corresponding field contains information. * If your data source contains records that share the same information, and there are ten or fewer unique values in the column, you can filter by specific information. For example, if there are multiple addresses that list Australia as the country/region, you can filter on Australia. The Mail Merge Recipients dialog box displays only the designated records. To display all the records again, click (All) ShowSort items in the list

If you want to see items in alphabetical order, you can sort the items in your list. * In the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box, click the column heading of the item you want to sort by. For example, if you want to display the list alphabetically by last name, click the Last Name column heading. 2. Click OK to return to the Mail and Catalog Merge Wizard. Publisher will use the recipients you designated for the merge. 3. Click Next: Create your publication. HideStep 3 of 5: Create your publication 1. If you have not already done so, insert a text box and type the text that you want to appear in every version of your mail merge publication. ShowHow? 1. On the Objects tool bar, click Text Box Button image. 2. In your publication, point to where you want one corner of the text box to appear, and then drag diagonally until you have the text box size you want. 3. Click inside the text box, and then type the text that you want to appear in every version of your mail merge publication. 2. Insert merge fields into your publication. ShowHow? 1. In your mail merge publication, click where you want to insert the merge field (merge field: A placeholder for text or pictures that you insert into your publication. Information from a data source (such as a name, address, or image) is inserted in each merge field. You can format, copy, move, or delete a merge field.). 2. Insert any of the following: ShowAddress block with name, address, and other information 1. In the Mail and Catalog Merge task pane (Step 3: Create your publication), click Address block. 2. In the Insert Address Block dialog box, click the address elements you want to include, and then click OK. Note If the names of the data fields (data field: A category of information that corresponds to one column of information in a data source. The name of each data field is listed in the first row (header row) of the data source. "PostalCode" and "LastName" are examples of data field names.) in your data source do not match the names of the fields that Publisher uses for the address block, you may need to click Match Fields in the Insert Address Block dialog. In the Match Fields dialog, use the drop down lists to select the fields from your data source that correspond to the Publisher fields. ShowGreeting line 1. In the Mail and Catalog Merge task pane (Step 3: Create your publication), click Greeting line.

2. In the Greeting Line dialog box, select the greeting line format, which includes the salutation, name format, and following punctuation. 3. Select the text you want to appear in cases where Publisher cannot interpret the recipient's name; for example, when the data source contains no first or last name for a recipient, but only a company name. 4. Click OK. Note If the names of the data fields (data field: A category of information that corresponds to one column of information in a data source. The name of each data field is listed in the first row (header row) of the data source. "PostalCode" and "LastName" are examples of data field names.) in your data source do not match the names of the fields that Publisher uses for the greeting line, you may need to click Match Fields in the Greeting Line dialog. In the Match Fields dialog, use the drop down lists to select the fields from your data source that correspond to the Publisher fields. ShowAddress fields 1. In the Mail and Catalog Merge task pane (Step 3: Create your publication), click Address fields. 2. In the Insert Address Field dialog box, click the address elements you want to include, and then click OK. Note If the names of the data fields (data field: A category of information that corresponds to one column of information in a data source. The name of each data field is listed in the first row (header row) of the data source. "PostalCode" and "LastName" are examples of data field names.) in your data source do not match the names of the fields that Publisher uses for the address fields, you may need to click Match Fields in the Insert Address Field dialog. In the Match Fields dialog, use the drop down lists to select the fields from your data source that correspond to the Publisher fields. ShowOther fields of information 1. In the Mail and Catalog Merge task pane (Step 3: Create your publication), in the list box under Create your publication, click the arrow next to the field that you want to include. 2. Click Insert as Text or Insert as Picture. 3. If you want to, apply formats to the merge fields to change the appearance of the merged data. ShowHow? To format the merged data, you must format the merge fields in your mail merge publication. 1. In your mail merge publication, select the field containing the information that you want to format. 2. On the Format menu, click Font, and then select the options that you want. 4. After you have completed your mail merge publication and inserted all of the merge fields, click Save As on the File menu. Type a name for your publication in the File name

box, and then click Save. 5. Click Next: Preview your publication. HideStep 4 of 5: Preview your publication 1. In the Mail and Catalog Merge task pane (Step 4: Preview your publication), do one of the following: * To preview entries in order, click the navigation buttons Back button Forward button to see what other entries look like in your publication. The information from the first record of your data source populates the merge fields. You cannot edit your data source entries here, but you can format, move, or delete data. * To find and preview a specific entry in your data source, click Find a recipient, and then enter the search criteria in the Find Entry dialog box. 2. If necessary, make changes to your recipient list. Do one of the following: * To exclude a particular recipient from the merge, click Exclude this recipient. * To change the list of recipients, click Edit recipient list, and then make your changes in the Mail Merge Recipients dialog box. 3. Click Next: Complete the merge. HideStep 5 of 5: Complete the merge 1. In the Mail and Catalog Merge task pane (Step 5: Complete the merge), do one of the following: 7.

How to Create Macros in Microsoft Word

What is a macro? A macro is an action, or a set of actions, that automate tasks. Macros are recorded in the Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) programming language. You can use the macro recorder to record a sequence of actions as a macro, or write VBA code in the Visual Basic Editor.

Recording a Macro in Word

On the Tools menu, select Macro > Record New Macro. In the Macro name box, type a name for your new macro. In the Store macro in box, click the document in which you want to store the macro. In the Description box, enter a description for the macro. If you don't want to assign the macro to a toolbar, a menu, or shortcut keys, click OK to start recording the macro. Tip: To assign the macro to a toolbar, click Toolbars > Commands tab. In the Commands box, click the macro you are recording, (Placeholder2)and drag it to the toolbar you want to assign it to. Click Close to start recording the macro. Perform the action, or set of actions, you want to include in your macro, for example changing unformatted text into a specific font family and font size. Tip: When recording a macro, you can use the mouse to click commands and options, but not to select text. Use the keyboard to record these actions. For example, use F8 to select text and press END to move the cursor to the end of the line. To stop recording your macro, click Stop Recording.

9. If you are writing a research paper, then you will need to include citations. Microsoft Office
Word 2007 has a wonderful built in feature that can do all of this work for you. Follow these steps:

Difficulty: Moderately Easy

Instructions
Things You'll Need:

Microsoft Office Word (2007) This Articlee

1. 1 Open Microsoft Word (2007) and begin typing your paper. When you come to the point in your document that needs a citation, move your curser to where it will be placed.

2. 2

Find the references tab. Click on the "References" tab at the top of the screen. This can be found in the upper left corner. (afadefef) 3. 3

Click on Look under the "Citations and Bibliography" category, and make sure the style is set to "MLA". Then click on "Insert Citation". 4. 4 Click "Add new Source" from the list. 5. 5

Fill in the infor (Placeholder1)mation for your source. This will have brought up the "Create Source" box. Change the "Type of Source" to whichever form of source you are using and then fill in all of the

information for your source. And then click "OK". This will automatically include your source at that point in your paper, and save it to later use in a bibliography. 6. 6 Continue typing your document until you need to place another citation. If you need to use the same source, then all you have to do is click "Insert Citation". Your previous citation will appear, and you just click on it to insert it again in your document. If you need a new source, just click "Add New Source" and repeat step 5. 7. 7 When you are finished typing your paper, you can create a bibliography or works cited page. To do this click "Bibliography" under the "Citations & Bibliography" category. Then chose either "Bibliography" or "Works Cited". This will insert your bibliography, already in alphabetical order, into your document. 8. 8

Format your bibliography. MLA format requires the second line of citations to be slightly indented. This is called a hanging paragraph. It also requires a double space between lines. To make your citations do this, highlight the entire source, and right click on it. Then chose "paragraph" from the list. This will bring up a "Paragraph" box. Under special, chose "Hanging" and under line spacing, choose "Double". Then click "OK"

Works Cited
afadefef. (23). dxcv. x : xcdcv.

10.
Click on the File Button at the top of the page. Click Save as.

1. 3
On the Save as Pop-up window, click 'Tools' then scroll down to General options (on the bottom left) and choose a password Choose a password for opening a document. Choose a password for modifying a document

11. Open Microsoft Word 2007 and click on the "View" menu to access the document view options for Word. 2 Choose "Normal" view when you are working with text. "Normal" view will show you the layout of your entire document and uses less memory than "Print Layout" view because it doesn't show page layouts. The document will contain dotted lines to separate the pages and section breaks. Any columns, drawings and comments will not appear while in "Normal" view. 3 Switch to "Web Layout" view to see what your document would look like if it were published onto a website. The text will wrap as it would in a web browser and any formatting and backgrounds will be viewed as how they would appear when viewed in a web browser. 4 Use "Print Layout" view to see what your document would look like once it is printed. You will want to use "Print Layout" view when you are working with graphics, page layout elements and tables. In addition to showing you the entire document layout, all non-printed characters will also be displayed. 5

Select the "Outline" layout to view all of the headings and subheadings in your document. This is the view you will want to use to rearrange pages and sections of your document. 1. 12. From slide sorter view. o To set the timing for one or more selected slides, select the slide (or slides --> hold the shift key so you can select more than one slide at a time) --> then click on the slide transition icon next to where it says no transition or where it says the name of the transition you selected (e.g. box in) above the row of slides --> this causes the Slide Transition dialog box appears and you can enter in the number of seconds you want the slide(s) to appear on the screen (as you did above) or you can use the Rehearse Timings option (see below). 2. Rehearse timings. This allows you to set the timings for each individual slide. o From the Slide Show menu bar --> select Rehearse Timings o As soon as you select rehearse timings first slide will appear along with a timer counting seconds (in the bottom right corner of the screen). The counter will continue to count until you click the right arrow, space bar, or mouse. Once you click, it moves to the next slide and starts the counter for the next slide. o When you finish creating the settings for each slide, a box pops up and lets you choose to accept the timings or start again. (NOTE: If you want to change the timing for only one or a few slides (and keep all the rest the same), you need not go through the whole rehearsal of timings again. Instead, view the slides the slide sorter. The time you have set for each appears below and to the left of each slide. To change the time, click on the slide transition icon, and in the dialog box manually change the number of seconds). 3. Record narration: This allows you to set the timings for each slide and at the same time record any comments you want to make to go along with the slide (be sure to check that you microphone is working and that it is selected in the Control Panel under "sound."). 13. 14.

view is a way of displaying and working with your presentation and it is possible to display a presentation in a number of different ways. Having different views is extremely useful because it enables you to look at your presentation in different ways. There are a number of different views that can be used to help preview your work. Each view displays the slides in a different way and emphasises a different aspect of your presentation. PowerPoint has four different views which you can work in. Each of the different views can be selected from the View drop-down menu.

Normal Displays your slides one at a time for easy editing. Slide Sorter Displays slide thumbnails for all the slides in the presentation. Slide Show Displays your slides one slide at a time filling the whole screen.

Notes Page Displays your slides one at a time with space for you to add additional notes.

15. New features

[edit] User interface
The new user interface (UI), officially known as Fluent User Interface,[20][21] has been implemented in the core Microsoft Office applications: Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access, and in the item inspector used to create or edit individual items in Outlook. These applications have been selected for the UI overhaul because they center around document authoring.[22] The rest of the applications in the suite will also be upgraded to the new UI in subsequent versions.[23] The default font used in this edition is Calibri. Original prototypes of the new user interface were revealed at MIX 2008 in Las Vegas.[24]

[edit] Office button

Office Button in Microsoft PowerPoint The Office 2007 button, located on the top-left of the window, replaces the File menu and provides access to functionality common across all Office applications, including opening, saving, printing, and sharing a file. It can also close the application. Users can also choose color schemes for the interface. A notable accessibility improvement is that the Office button follows Fitt's law.[25]

[edit] Ribbon
Main article: Ribbon (computing) The Ribbon, a panel that houses a fixed arrangement of command buttons and icons, organizes commands as a set of tabs, each grouping relevant commands. The Ribbon is present only in Microsoft Word 2007, Excel 2007, PowerPoint 2007, Access 2007 and some Outlook 2007 windows. The Ribbon is not user customizable in Office 2007. Each application has a different set of tabs which expose the functionality that application offers. For example, while Excel has a tab for the graphing capabilities, Word does not;

instead it has tabs to control the formatting of a text document. Within each tab, various related options may be grouped together. The Ribbon is designed to make the features of the application more discoverable and accessible with fewer mouse clicks[26] as compared to the menu-based UI used prior to Office 2007. However, many users feel that the existing menus should have been left alone.[27] An online survey reports the ribbon menu has decreased productivity by an average of 20% for users.[28] Moving the mouse scroll wheel while on any of the tabs on the ribbon cyclesthrough the tabs. The Ribbon can be minimized by double clicking the active section's title, such as the Home text in the picture below.[29] Without third party add-ins, it is not possible to remove the Ribbon, modify it, or replace it with menus with the normal Office 2007 functions. There are third party add-ins which can be purposed that can bring menus and toolbars to Office 2007 as well as add-ins which allow users to customize the Ribbon commands. Office 2010 does allow user customization of the ribbon out of the box.

[edit] Contextual Tabs

Some tabs, called Contextual Tabs, appear only when certain objects are selected. Contextual Tabs expose functionality specific only to the object with focus. For example, selecting a picture brings up the Pictures tab, which presents options for dealing with the picture. Similarly, focusing on a table exposes table-related options in a specific tab. Contextual Tabs remain hidden except when an applicable object is selected.

[edit] Live Preview

Microsoft Office 2007 also introduces a feature called "Live Preview", which temporarily applies formatting on the focused text or object when any formatting button is mousedover. The temporary formatting is removed when the mouse pointer is moved from the button. This allows users to have a preview of how the option would affect the appearance of the object, without actually applying it.

[edit] Mini Toolbar

The new "Mini Toolbar" is a type of context menu that is automatically shown (by default) when text is selected. The purpose of this feature is to provide easy access to the most-used formatting commands without requiring a right-mouse-button click, as was necessary in older versions of the software. Because the Mini Toolbar is automatically displayed, it remains semi-transparent until the mouse pointer is situated on the control in

order to allow an almost-unobstructed view of what is beneath it. It also appears above the right-click menu when a user right-clicks on a selection of words. The Mini Toolbar is currently not customizable, but can be turned off.

[edit] Quick Access Toolbar

The Quick Access toolbar, which sits in the title bar, serves as a repository of most used functions, regardless of which application is being used, such as save, undo/redo and print. The Quick Access toolbar is customizable, although this feature is limited compared to toolbars in previous Office versions. Any command available in the entire Office application can be added to the Quick Access toolbar, including commands not available in the Ribbon and macros. Keyboard shortcuts for any of the commands on the toolbar are also fully customizable, similar to previous Office versions.

[edit] Other UI features

Super-tooltips, or screentips, that can house formatted text and even images, are used to provide detailed descriptions of what most buttons do. A zoom slider present in the bottom-right corner, allowing for dynamic and rapid magnification of documents.

[edit] SmartArt
SmartArt, found under the Insert tab in the ribbon in PowerPoint, Word, Excel, and Outlook, is a new group of editable and formatted diagrams. There are 115 preset SmartArt graphics layout templates in categories such as list, process, cycle, and hierarchy. When an instance of a SmartArt is inserted, a Text Pane appears next to it to guide the user through entering text in the hierarchical levels. Each SmartArt graphic, based on its design, maps the text outline, automatically resized for best fit, onto the graphic. There are a number of "quick styles" for each graphic that apply largely different 3D effects to the graphic, and the graphic's shapes and text can be formatted through shape styles and WordArt styles. In addition, SmartArt graphics change their colors, fonts, and effects to match the document's theme.

[edit] File formats

[edit] Office Open XML

Main article: Microsoft Office 2007 filename extensions Microsoft Office 2007 introduced a new file format, called Office Open XML, as the default file format. Such files are saved using an extra X letter in their extension (.docx/xlsx/pptx/etc.). However, it can still save documents in the old format which is compatible with previous versions. Alternatively, Microsoft has made available a free add-on known as the "Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack" that lets Office 2000-2003 editions open, edit, and save documents created under the newer 2007 format.

Office Open XML is based on XML and uses the ZIP file container. According to Microsoft, documents created in this format are up to 75% smaller than the same documents saved with previous Microsoft Office file formats, owing to the ZIP data compression.[30] Files containing macros are saved with an extra M letter in their extension instead (.docm/xlsm/pptm/etc.).

[edit] PDF
Initially, Microsoft promised to support exporting to Portable Document Format (PDF) in Office 2007. However, due to legal objections from Adobe Systems, Office 2007 does not offer PDF support out of the box, but rather as a separate free download.[31][32][33] Service Pack 2 allows users to natively export PDF files.[34]

[edit] XPS
Office 2007 documents can also be exported as XPS documents, via another free plug-in that is also a separate download.[35]

[edit] OpenDocument
Main article: OpenDocument software Microsoft backs an open-source effort to support OpenDocument in Office 2007, as well as earlier versions (up to Office 2000), through a converter add-in for Word, Excel and PowerPoint, and also a command-line utility.[36] As of 2008, the project supports conversion between ODF and Office Open XML file formats for all three applications.[37] According to ODF Alliance this support falls short and substantial improvements are still needed for interoperability in real-world situations.[38][39] Third-party plugins able to read, edit and save to the ISO-standard Open Document Format (ODF) are available as a separate download.[40][41]

[edit] Metadata
In Office 2007, Microsoft introduced the Document Inspector, an integral metadata removal tool which strips Word, Excel, and PowerPoint documents of information such as author name and comments and other "metadata".

[edit] User assistance system

In Microsoft Office 2007, the Office Assistants have been eliminated in favour of a new online help system. One of its features is the extensive use of Super Tooltips, which explain in about one paragraph what each function performs. Some of them also use diagrams or pictures. These appear and disappear like normal tooltips, and replace normal

tooltips in many areas. The Help content also directly integrates searching and viewing Office Online articles.

[edit] Collaboration features

[edit] SharePoint
Microsoft Office 2007 includes features geared towards collaboration and data sharing. As such, Microsoft Office 2007 features server components for applications such as Excel, which work in conjunction with SharePoint Services, to provide a collaboration platform. SharePoint works with Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007, which is used to host a SharePoint site, and uses IIS and ASP.NET 2.0. Excel server exposes Excel Services, which allows any worksheet to be created, edited and maintained via web browsers. It features Excel Web Access, the client-side component which is used to render the worksheet on a browser, Excel Calculation Service which is the server side component which populates the worksheet with data and perform calculations, and Excel Web Services that extends Excel functionalities into individual web services. SharePoint can also be used to host Word documents for collaborative editing, by sharing a document. SharePoint can also be used to hold PowerPoint slides in a Slide Library, from which the slides can be used as a formatting template. It will also notify users of a slide automatically in case the source slide is modified. Also by using SharePoint, PowerPoint can manage shared review of presentations. Any SharePoint hosted document can be accessed from the application which created the document or from other applications such as a browser or Microsoft Office Outlook.

[edit] Groove
Microsoft Office 2007 also includes Groove, which brings collaborative features to a peer-to-peer paradigm. Groove can host documents, including presentations, workbooks and others, created in Microsoft Office 2007 application in a shared workspace, which can then be used in collaborative editing of documents. Groove can also be used in managing workspace sessions, including access control of the workspace. To collaborate on one or more documents, a Workspace has to be created, and then those who are to work on it have to be invited. Any file shared on the workspace are automatically shared among all participants. The application also provides real-time messaging, including oneto-one as well as group messaging, and presence features, as well as monitoring workspace activities with alerts, which are raised when pre-defined set of activities are detected. Groove also provides features for conflict resolution for conflicting edits. Schedules for a collaboration can also be decided by using a built-in shared calendar, which can also be used to keep track of the progress of a project. However, the calendar is not compatible with Microsoft Outlook.

[edit] Themes and Quick Styles

Microsoft Office 2007 places more emphasis on Document Themes and Quick Styles. The Document Theme defines the colors, fonts and graphic effects for a document.

Almost everything that can be inserted into a document is automatically styled to match the overall document theme creating a consistent document design. The new Office Theme file format (.THMX) is shared between Word, Excel, PowerPoint and Outlook email messages. Similar themes are also available for data reports in Access and Project or shapes in Visio. Quick Styles are galleries with a range of styles based on the current theme. There are quick styles galleries for text, tables, charts, SmartArt, WordArt and more. The style range goes from simple/light to more graphical/darker. 16. data processing, a pivot table is a data summarization tool found in data visualization programs such as spreadsheets (for example, in Microsoft Excel, OpenOffice.org Calc and Lotus 1-2-3) or business intelligence software (such as Spotfire). Among other functions, pivot-table tools can automatically sort, count, and total the data stored in one table or spreadsheet and create a second table (called a "pivot table") displaying the summarized data. Pivot tables are also useful for quickly creating cross tabs. The user sets up and changes the summary's structure by dragging and dropping fields graphically. This "rotation" or pivoting of the summary table gives the concept its name. The term pivot table is a generic phrase used by multiple vendors. However, Microsoft Corporation has trademarked the specific form PivotTable.[1][2] Excel is a fantastic and powerful tool to analyze data and report findings, trends and different data relationships. You can make pie charts in excel. However, sometimes you have to analyze large amounts of data and produce reports based on this data and present it to your boss and colleagues. But, thankfully Excel has shortcuts within itself, these shortcuts are the Pivot Tables and Reports. You may be intimated by Pivot tables and reports because perhaps you think they are too hard, or you thought they were great when you learned about them in training class or when someone showed them to you, but you quickly forgot about them because you did not use them on a daily basis. Well, this tutorial will show you how to create a pivot report in no time. The key to remember is that pivot table can analyze numeric relationships in a snap, and produce reports and charts with just one click without going through all steps to create a chart or report from scratch. It is really a shortcut within Excel. 1. Open the Excel application and go to File>New to open a brand new spreadsheet. In this tutorial, well use fictitious data from a beverage distribution company in Florida named Breeze Company. The data is from the month of 12/2006, and it shows all the sales personnel for the South Florida area and the number of accounts that they opened in four major cities (Miami, West Miami, Hialeah and Coral Gables). So, please enter all the data into the spreadsheet and format accordingly. This is really the most time consuming step because as you will see the next steps are quite short.

2. Go to Data>Pivot Table and PivotChart Report and select this option.

3. Click on the first option, Microsoft Office Excel list or database, below the first question (to select the source of data, in this case, the source is an Excel spreadsheet) and then click the first option PivotTable, below the second question and click Next.

4. Now select the data area, hit Enter and click Next.

5. Click on the first option to create the table in a new spreadsheet and click Finish.

6. In this step, you actually build the Pivot Table by dragging items from the Pivot Table Field List pop-up window (or you can select the item and then click Add To and you select the area where you want to place the items.) But, the quickest way is to select, drag and drop. You can select and drop any item(s) to the Drop Row Fields Here, Drop Column Fields Here, and Drop Data Items Here. The combinations are endless, and you can see in a snap how the different items would relate to one another. In this tutorial, we will keep it simple and well drop one specific item to all three designated areas, so you can see one specific relationship among this data.

7. Click on City and drag it to the Drop Column Fields Here section.

8. Click on Salesperson and drag it to the Drop Row Fields Here section.

9. Click on Accounts Opened and drag it to the Drop Data Items Here section. Now, you have created a table showing all the Salespersons and the number of accounts each opened within the four major cities. Also, the table shows the total number of accounts

opened in each of the four cities. In the next two steps, youll create a report and chart by just clicking on the available option. 17. To create a drop-down list and restrict values in the cell to these entries, follow these steps:
1. Select cell A1. On the Data menu, click Validation. On the Settings tab, click List in the Allow drop-down list. By default, the Ignore blank and In-cell Dropdown check boxes are selected. Do not change them.

2. 3. 4. 5.

In the Source box, type a,b,c. Click OK.

NOTES: You can also enter a named range or cell reference if it contains a list of values. Both must be preceded by an equal sign. There is a 255 character limitation for this dialog. 6. Cell A1 now has a drop-down list next to it and you can use this list to select the value to enter in the cell. 7. Click the drop-down list and then click any item it contains.

This value will be entered in the cell.

With Excel 2007s data tables, you enter a series of possible values that Excel plugs into a single formula so you can perform what-if analysis on the data. What-if analysis enables you to explore the possibilities in a worksheet by inputting a variety of promising or probable values into the same equation and letting you see the possible outcomes in the worksheet. In addition to data tables, other what-if analysis features in Excel 2007 include goal seeking and scenarios.
18.

Excel supports two types of data tables, a one-variable data table that substitutes a series of possible values for a single input value in a formula, and a twovariable data table that substitutes a series of possible values for two input values in a single formula. Both types of data tables use the same Data Table dialog box that you open by choosing What-If AnalysisData Table in the Data Tools

group on the Data tab of the Ribbon. The Data Table dialog box contains two text boxes: Row Input Cell and Column Input Cell.
When

creating a one-variable data table, you designate one cell in the worksheet that serves either as the Row Input Cell (if youve entered the series of possible values across columns of a single row) or as the Column Input Cell (if youve entered the series of possible values down the rows of a single column).
When

creating a two-variable data table, you designate two cells in the worksheet and therefore use both text boxes: one cell that serves as the Row Input Cell (that substitutes the series of possible values youve entered across columns of a single row) and another that serves as the Column Input Cell (that substitutes the series of possible values youve entered down the rows of a single column).

An example of a two-variable data table (B3 is the row input cell; B4 is the column input cell). The Excel data table feature works by creating a special kind of formula called an array formula in the blank cells of the table. An array formula (indicated by being enclosed in a pair of curly brackets) is unique in that Excel creates copies of the formula in each blank cell of the selection at the time you enter the original formula (you dont make the formula copies yourself). As a result, editing changes such as

moving or deleting are restricted to the entire cell range containing the array formula.

goals and scenario. In Excel, a Data Table is a way to see different results by altering an input cell in your formula. As an example, we're going to alert the interest rate, and see how much a 10,000 loan would cost each month. The interest rate will be our input cell. By asking Excel to alter this input, we can quickly see the different monthly payments. Want to know how much we'd pay back each month if the interest was 24 percent per year. But other banks may be offering better deals. So we'll ask Excel to calculate how much we'd pay each month if the interest rate was 22 percent a year, 20 percent a year, and 18 percent a year. The formula we need is the Payment one you met in a previous section - PMT( ). Here it is again: PMT(rate, nper, pv, fv, type) We only need the first three arguments. So for us, it's just this: PMT(rate, nper, pv) Rate means the interest rate. The second argument, nper, is how many months you've got to pay the loan back. The third argument, pv, is how much you want to borrow. Let's make a start then. On a new spreadsheet, set up the following labels:

So we'll put our starting interest rate in cell B3 (rate), our loan length in cell B4 (nper), and our loan amount in cell B5 (pv). Enter the following in cells B3 to B5:

So you need to enter 24.00% in cell B3, 60 in cell B4, and 10,000 in cell B5. We'll enter our formula now. Click inside cell D2 and enter the following: =PMT(B3 / 12, B4, -B5) Cell B3 is the interest rate. But this is for the entire year. In the formula, we're diving whatever is in cell B3 by 12. This will get us a monthly interest rate. B4 in the formula is the number of months, which is 60 for us. B5 has a minus sign before it. It's a minus figure because it's a debt. When you press the enter key on your keyboard, Excel should give you an answer of 287.68. Now that we have our function in place, we can create an Excel Data Table. First, though, we need to tell Excel about those other interest rates. It will use these to work out the new monthly payments. Remember, Excel is recalculating the PMT function. So it needs some new values to calculate with. So enter some new values in cells C3, C4, and C5. Enter the same ones as in the image below:

We have put the PMT function in cell D2 for a reason. This is one Row up, and one Column to the right of our first new interest rate of 22%. The new monthly payments are going to go in cells D3 to D5. Excel needs the table setting out this way. So that Excel can work out the new totals, you have to highlight both the new values and the Function you're using.

So Highlight the cells C2 to D5. Your spreadsheet should look like this:

As you can see, the cells C2 to D5 are now highlighted. This includes our new interest rate values in the C column, and our PMT function in cell D2. We can now create an Excel 2007 Data Table. This will work out new monthly payemnts for us. So do this:

From the Excel menu bar, click on Data Locate the Data Tools panel Click on the "What if Analysis" item:

When you click on the "What if Analysis" item, you'll see the following menu:

Click on Data Table, and you'll see this small dialogue box:

In the dialogue box, there is only a Row input cell or a Column input cell. We want Excel to fill downwards, down a column. So we need the second text box on the dialogue box "Column input cell". If we were filling across in rows, we would use the "Row input cell" text box. The Input Cell for us is the one that contains our original interest rate. This is the cell you want Excel to substitute. So click inside the Column input cell box and enter B3:

Click OK. When you do, Excel will work out the new monthly payments:

So if we could get an 18 percent interest rate, our monthly payments would be 253.93. If you click inside any of the cells D3 to D5, then look at the formula bar, you will see this: {=TABLE(,B3)} That's Excel's way of telling you that a Table has been created, based on the input cell B3

We'll try one more Data Table in the next part. We'll try an easier formula, this time 1. 19. Select all cells (either press Ctrl+A or click on the small upper left square on the edge of the worksheet)

2. In the menu bar, go to Format Cells 3. In the popup menu that opens, click on the Protection tab (it should be the last one on the menu) 4. Deselect the small box tagged Locked 5. Click on OK. Now all your cells can be overwritten, regardless the protection status of the worksheet. 6. Select only the cells containing formulas that you want to hide (If you need to perform multiple selection, you can press and hold down the Ctrl key, while clicking on each cell you want to select) 7. In the menu bar, go to Format Cells 8. In the popup menu that opens, click on the Protection tab 9. Tick the small box tagged Hidden and the Locked box as well. If you dont tick the Locked box, other users of your worksheet would be able to overwrite the formula cells, without even knowing that they contain formulas (as they become invisible following this operation). 10. Click on OK 11. In the menu bar, go to Tools Protection Protect Sheet 12. If you want, you can input a password for unlocking the worksheet. This will prevent others from unlocking it. If you dont want to do that, leave the password field blank and press OK. 13. Now click on one of your cells containing formulas and look at the formula bar. It should be empty, although the formula is still there. The cell would remain locked, but it would be automatically updated when changing the content of its precedents relating to the contained formula.

20. see comp 21.. syntax

22. Features of Project 2007

Project 2007 provides various features that help your organisation gain better control and visibility across all projects. This leads to an enhanced decision-making process and an improved alignment with business strategies. This, in turn, increases operational efficiency. Project 2007 helps you plan work and manage resources effectively. It also enables efficient communication and collaboration. In addition, it helps leverage existing data and provides quick access to information.

Effective Work Planning

Project 2007 helps you efficiently plan work ranging from small projects to large-scale operations. You can use Project 2007 to plan schedules, allocate resources, manage

budgets, and set realistic expectations for your team, management, and customers. You can easily track data and estimates such as percent complete, budget versus actual cost, and earned value by using a set of predefined metrics. Besides tracking data, Project 2007 enables you to track project performance during the entire duration of the project. It also enables you to save project snapshots in baselines and track project progress. For a quick understanding of the project management process, Project 2007 provides an interactive Microsoft Project Guide with step-by-step help. In addition, it provides intuitive toolbars and menus that help you learn project management fundamentals.

Effective Resource Management

You can use Project 2007 to mange your resources, so that the organisation can achieve its long-term goals. An inaccurate estimation of long-term workloads and capacity can result in unplanned recruitment and quick lay-off cycles, knowledge loss, higher overhead, and low employee morale. Project 2007 provides visibility in work transactions, timesheets, and resource capabilities. You can build resource plans to coordinate the recruiting and outsourcing strategies with long-term business objectives. Project 2007 enables you to assign resources to tasks and manage conflicts over allocated assignments easily. You can allocate work to the entire team collectively instead of assigning work to individual resources. Team members can accept their individual assignments and indicate the time taken against the allocated assignment.

Efficient Communication and Collaboration

You can use Project 2007 to efficiently communicate and collaborate with project teams. With the growing geographical and cultural diversity in organisations, it is important to promote teamwork and maintain a common goal. Project 2007 allows knowledge sharing across teams and helps them work in collaboration for achieving project goals. Project 2007 is adaptable and accommodates quick adjustment in activities in case of updates. Project 2007 also enables you to use different formats for presenting information. In Project 2007, you can format project data and present it in the form of reports, charts, PDF documents, and one-page printable schedules. To create reports, you can use readyto-use report templates present in Project 2007. You can also create your own templates and share them with other users.

Quick Access to Information

With Project 2007, you can access information easily and quickly. In Project 2007, consolidating data is simple and time saving because you can group data by any predefined or custom fields. This ensures quick information retrieval when required.

Moreover, in Project 2007, you can track changes in various versions of a project easily. This helps track the scope and schedule changes. You can customise Project 2007 according to the specifications of your project. You can also select custom display fields and modify toolbars, formulas, graphical indicators, and reports. In addition, you can efficiently export data from Project 2007 to Microsoft Office Word, Microsoft Office Excel, and Microsoft Office PowerPoint by using the Copy Picture to Office Wizard.

Effective Leveraging of Existing Data

Project 2007 enables quick leveraging of data across different platforms. With its built-in integration with Office 2007, Project 2007 allows users to work with the Microsoft Office Enterprise Project Management (EPM) Solution when working with Office Outlook or Office SharePoint. In addition, Project 2007 is integrated with other Office applications. This helps convert the existing task lists in Office Excel and Office Outlook into readyto-use project plans with minimum efforts. Project 2007 also enables you to add resources to projects from Microsoft Active Directory or from a Microsoft Exchange Server address book. 23. For a project definition, look for the following aspects:

Starting date Specific goals and conditions Defined responsibilities A budget A planning A fixed end date Parties involved

24. A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project. Terminal elements and summary elements comprise the work breakdown structure of the project. Some Gantt charts also show the dependency (i.e., precedence network) relationships between activities. Gantt charts can be used to show current schedule status using percent-complete shadings and a vertical "TODAY" line as shown here. 25. A network diagram is a general type of diagram, which represents some kind of network. A network in general is an interconnected group or system, or a fabric or structure of fibrous elements attached to each other at regular intervals, or formally: a graph.

A network diagram is a special kind of cluster diagram, which even more general represents any cluster or small group or bunch of something, structured or not. Both the flow diagram and the tree diagram can be seen as a specific type of network diagram.

Steps to create table of contents:

Using the Tool Bar

Microsoft product screen shot(s) reprinted with permission from Microsoft Corporation.

Getting Started

First you'll need to make sure the necessary tool bar is showing at the top of your paper. The correct tool bar is the Formatting toolbar, and you can open this by selecting View and rolling your pointer down to Toolbar. This will give you the opportunity to select a number of toolbars. Select Formatting.

Insert Headings

Microsoft product screen shot(s) reprinted with permission from Microsoft Corporation.

Create Headings
To create a new chapter or division of your paper you simply need to give a heading to the section. It can be as simple as one word, such as "Introduction." To insert a heading, go to the menu at the top left of your screen. From the drop down menu, select HEADING 1. Type the title or heading, and hit RETURN. Remember, you can do this as you write your paper or after your paper is completed. If your paper is already written, you simply place your cursor in the desired spot and place your heading. Note: if you want each section or chapter to start on a new page, go to the end of a chapter/section and go to Insert and select Break and Page Break.

Inserting the Table of Contents

Microsoft product screen shot(s) reprinted with permission from Microsoft Corporation.

Create the Table of Contents

Once your paper is divided into sections, it's ready for the table of contents. You are almost finished! First, create a blank page at the beginning of your paper. Do this by going to the very beginning and selecting Insert and select Break and Page Break. From the tool bar, go to Insert, then select Reference and Index and Tables from the drop down lists. A new window will pop up. Select the Table of Contents tab and the select Okay. You have a table of contents!

Contents
1. Definition.....................................................................................................................1 Fetch/Decode...................................................................................................................1 Execute/Writeback...........................................................................................................1 5. Information..............................................................................................................3 Communication............................................................................................................4 Data transfer.................................................................................................................5 How to Create Macros in Microsoft Word........................................................................10 Recording a Macro in Word..............................................................................................11 Instructions.....................................................................................................................11 Things You'll Need:.......................................................................................................11 Works Cited.......................................................................................................................13 view is a way of displaying and working with your presentation and it is possible to display a presentation in a number of different ways................................................16 Having different views is extremely useful because it enables you to look at your presentation in different ways....................................................................................16 There are a number of different views that can be used to help preview your work.16 Each view displays the slides in a different way and emphasises a different aspect of your presentation........................................................................................................16 PowerPoint has four different views which you can work in. Each of the different views can be selected from the View drop-down menu............................................16 Normal Displays your slides one at a time for easy editing...................................16 Slide Sorter Displays slide thumbnails for all the slides in the presentation..........16 Slide Show Displays your slides one slide at a time filling the whole screen........16 Notes Page Displays your slides one at a time with space for you to add additional notes...........................................................................................................................17 15. New features............................................................................................................17

[edit] User interface...................................................................................................17 [edit] SmartArt...........................................................................................................19 [edit] File formats......................................................................................................19 [edit] Metadata...........................................................................................................20 [edit] User assistance system.....................................................................................20 [edit] Collaboration features......................................................................................21 [edit] Themes and Quick Styles.................................................................................21 Effective Work Planning................................................................................................32 Effective Resource Management...................................................................................33 Efficient Communication and Collaboration.................................................................33 Quick Access to Information.........................................................................................33 Effective Leveraging of Existing Data..........................................................................34 Using the Tool Bar.........................................................................................................35 Getting Started...........................................................................................................35 Insert Headings..............................................................................................................35 Create Headings.........................................................................................................36 Inserting the Table of Contents..........................................................................................36 Create the Table of Contents..............................................................................................37 Contents.............................................................................................................................37