Malaiyamn Thirumudi Kri

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Jump to: navigation, search Malaiyamn Thirumudi Kri was one of the kings of the Tamil royal house clan Velir of the Malaiyamn dynasty.[1][2]. He is one of Kadai ezhu vallal, literally the last of the seven great(lines) patrons of art and literature. The Malaiyamn chiefs ruled over the Tirukoyilur area also known as Kovalur. It was a strategically important region located on southern the banks of the Pennar river and en route from west coast to the east coast via Arikamedu in ancient Tamilakkam[3]. They traced their lineage to the ancient Chedi Kingdom mentioned in the Kurukshetra war[4][5] Thirumudi Kari rose to become a powerful emperor in Tamilakkam before he was killed by the early Chola king Killivalavan.

Contents
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1 Battles 2 Turn of events 3 Kadai ezhu vallal 4 From inscriptions and literature 5 Notes 6 References

[edit] Battles
Defeat against Athiyaman In 118 CE, he waged war on Thagadoor against the famous Athiyamn Nedumn Aci. It was an attempt fuelled by his longtime desire to become an emperor equivalent in power to the Cholas. After a fierce battle, Kri would lose Kovalur to Athiyamn and would only regain it much later after Peruncheral Irumporai sacks Tagadur[6]. Victory against ri In 120 CE, the Chera king Paalai paadiya Perum Cheral Irumporrai sought his strategic help in the conquest of Kollimalai. Kaari agreed to conquer Kollimalai for the Chera and it was agreed that the Chera should on his behalf invade Thagadoor in order to avenge his earlier defeat. This strange pact was due to the strategically important easy access points favouring the Chera and Kaari in the case of Thagadoor and Kollimalai respectively. Kri defeated and killed ri, another Vlir king and took Kolli Hills[7]. In turn the Chera undertook the march of Thagadoor, which is memorialized in the Thagadoor Yaaththirai of Sangam literature.

[edit] Turn of events

Thus with the help of the Chera, Kaari was climbing on the ladder to become an emperor. He began to overshadow the Chola King Killi Valavan. This prompted the Chola king to check Kaari's growth with an invasion on Thirukkoiloor. The battles were fierce, but Kaari was determined to win or die. As a result the Cholas lost 10,000 soldiers in the first five days of the war. But on the sixth day the Malaiyamaan princes, Kaari's three-year-old twin sons, were caught by the intruding Chola spies, giving the Cholas an edge. Killi Valavan began dictating terms and Kaari was forced to venture into the enemy campsite, where he was caught and killed immediately. The Chola king planned to crush the two princes by walking an elephant over them, but by the timely intervention of poet Kvr Kizhr, he changed his mind.

excerpt from Purananuru song 46 by Kvr Kizhr: You were born into the line of him who relieved the pain of a dove.. ..They are children, still wearing their hair unoiled, and when they see the elephant they forget their tears. Then confused, they look around the field and feel terror, they never imagined.[8]

The boys were raised with the patronage of the emperor and served as generals of the Chola army under Killi and his son Rasasuyam Vaetta Peru Nal Killi. After the death of Vl Pri, another Vlir king, poet Kapilar takes the daughters of the former and leaves them in the care of Brahmins. Later poetess Auvaiyar takes them and marries them to Deiveegan of the Malaiyaman family[9].

[edit] Kadai ezhu vallal

Malayamaan Thirumudi Kaari is considered one of the seven greatest "bestowers" of the last Sangam era - the Kadai Ezhu Vallalgal . The people of his time considered him the most modest of kings. Nobody left empty-handed after paying a visit to him and the visitor who came on barefoot would usually return mounted on a horse or an elephant of his choice. He called himself not a king but a "rightful servant of his beloved people".

excerpt from Purananuru, song 123 by Kapilar: Anyone, if he drinks toddy in the morning and gets happily drunk by the time he holds court, can give away chariots. But Malaiyan whose good fame never lessens, gives without getting drunk more tall ornamented chariots than there are drops in the clouds that form over the rich Mullr mountain[10]

Modesty

During peacetime, the king of Mulloor and Thirukkoiloor would usually start his daily routine in the paddy (nel), saamai and thinai fields working with his plough and sickle. He was strong and said to be so kind-hearted that he would rather plough his fields by hand than to trouble bulls to work for him. In one story about Kaari, the Tamil poet and saint Avvaiyaar II happened to pass by his field on course a long journey. Kaari quickly recognized the tired "mother" and without introducing himself requested that she look after his field for a few minutes and help herself to his rations in the meantime, so that he could go to a nearby pond to fetch some water. The king was away for long during which time the saint ate well and fell asleep. When sun rose the next day, Kaari returned to the field to find old mother angry. Kaari revealed his identity and explained that since she was a great friend of Athiyamaan of Thagadoor, who was his archrival, he feared she would not agree if he asked her to rest in his land. So he had to make her stay a while and bestow his land with her saintly presence. Avvaiyaar, flattered, blessed his country with perennial prosperity.

[edit] From inscriptions and literature

There are a lot of inscriptions available about various chiefs from the Malaiyaman family. They mostly suffixed the title Chdiryan to the name of the reigning Chola king whom they served. For example, we have Vikramasola Chdiryan and his son Vikramasola Kovalarayan, Kulottungasola Chdiryan etc.[11]. They were rulers of Miladu and also bore titles such as Milad-udaiyan meaning lord of Miladu, Maladu-mannar or king of the inhabitants of hills, Malaiya-manattarkukku arasar or the king of inhabitants of the great country of hills. Miladu or Maladu is a very pure Tamil form of Malainadu or the hill country. Meyporunayanar, a Chdi king from Tirukovalur is mentioned in the Periyapuranam[4][5][12]. Another important person from the same line was Pillai Peruml Chdiryan, a contemporary of poet Kambar[13]. We have a lot of chiefs of the Malaiyaman family making donations to temples in and around Tirukoyilur. For example, we find that Kulothunga Chola II gifted some lands for the puja at the local Vishnu temple at the request of Kulottungasola Chdiryan(ARE 124 of 1900). We have another chief called Rajendra Chola Chdiryan making donations to the temple(ARE 388 of 1909) in Tirukkoyilur. Yet another chief, Malaiyan Chdiryan endowed one vli of land to the temple at Somasikiranur[14][15].

[edit] Notes
1. ^ Topics in South Indian history:from early times up to 1565 A.D., page 54 2. ^ Social and cultural history of Tamilnad, Volume 1, page 230 3. ^ Trade, ideology, and urbanization: South India 300 BC to AD 1300, page 138 4. ^ a b Nland and its epigraphic material, page 94 5. ^ a b Epigraphia Indica, Volume 7, page 115 6. ^ History of Tamilnad:to A.D. 1565, page 66 7. ^ Studies in Tamil Literature and History, page 56 8. ^ The four hundred songs of war and wisdom: an anthology of poems from classical Tamil : the Purannru, page 36 9. ^ The culture and history of the Tamils 10. ^ Poets of the Tamil Anthologies, page 170 11. ^ The role of feudatories in later Cha history, page 172

12. ^ WhatsInIndia: [1] 13. ^ A topographical list of the inscriptions of the Madras Presidency, collected till 1915: with notes and references, Volume 1, page 136 14. ^ Vishveshvaranand Indological journal, Volume 17, page 136 15. ^ Vishveshvaranand Indological journal, Volume 17, page 138

[edit] References

Trade, ideology, and urbanization: South India 300 BC to AD 1300 By Radha Champakalakshmi Topics in South Indian history: from early times up to 1565 A.D. By A. Krishnaswami Social and cultural history of Tamilnad, Volume 1 By N. Subrahmanian Studies in Tamil Literature and History By Ramachandra Dikshitar History of Tamilnad: to A.D. 1565 By N. Subrahmanian The culture and history of the Tamils By Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri The four hundred songs of war and wisdom: an anthology of poems from classical Tamil : the Purannru, Translations from the Asian classics, By George L. Hart, Hank Heifetz Poets of the Tamil Anthologies By George L. Hart III The role of feudatories in later Cha history By M. S. Govindasamy Nland and its epigraphic material By Hiranand Sastri Epigraphia Indica, Volume 7 By Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarkar, Archaeological Survey of India, India. Dept. of Archaeology, India. Archaeological Survey A topographical list of the inscriptions of the Madras Presidency, collected till 1915: with notes and references, Volume 1 By Vijayaraghava Rangacharya http://www.whatisindia.com

Who are the mudhal yelu vallalgal?

Answer: The Earlier group of 7 Philanthropists known as "mudal yEzhu vaLLaL" were (1) Chembian (2) Kaari (SagAri ) (3) Viradan (4) Niruthi (5) Dhundumaaran (6) SAGARAN of Solar dynasty (7) NaLan

The ("idai yezhu vaLlaL) were (1) Akkuran (2) Sandhimaan (3) Andhimaan (4) Sishupaalan (5) Vakran (6) Kannan (7) Chandan The ("kadai yezhu vaLlaL) were 1. PAARI 2. VALVIL OORI 3. KAARI (MALAIYAMAAN) 4. PEEGAN 5. EZINI (ADHIYAMAAN) 6. NaLLai 7. Ay kandiran