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Semiconductor Nanostructures
Outline
Background
Low dimensional nanostructures
From bulk to quantum dots
Results
Optical spectroscopy on
Quantum wires Quantum dots
EG
EG
E1
E2
E3
EG
E11
E12
E13
EG
E111
E112
E113
Energy
Energy
Example: QWR
(a) (b) Return to selflimited profile z High bandgap
T(x)
Low bandgap x
vb
20 nm
Example: QDs
S-K Growth Pyramidal QDs
QD
2 m
(b)
~1m
Microscope objective
Sample
hin hout
(c)
SNOM tip
~100nm
(d)
Electron beam
VB
PL / PLE
JDOS
energy
PLE
det
PL det
PL: Spectroscopy of occupied levels PLE: Spectroscopy of unocuppied levels ( ~ absorption)
Photoluminescence setup
CCD
Cut-off Cutfilter
Spatial filter
Microscope objective
Det
sample
Photoluminescence on QWRs
REALITY
Monolayer fluctuation of confinement potential along QWR axis
Single QD spectroscopy
Inhomogeneous broadening in QD ensembles
Electronic fine structure only visible if single QDs are probed!
cb
10-50meV
vb energy
1 m
energy
energy
WL
1 QD
= 130 eV
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
PL energy (eV)
QD electronic structure
2D Harmonic oscillator model
Quantum dot
Artificial atom Electronic properties can be tailored
A few meV emission X2 Xchange X 2X X
energy
Energy (meV)
2X
X 10
X X X2 X2
2.5 nW
30 pW
1.56 1.56 1.565 1.565 1.57 1.575 1.58 1.57 1.575 1.58 photon energy [eV] Energy (eV) 1.585 1.585
Summary
Optical spectroscopy techniques Optical properties of QWRs
Polarisation anisotropy Exciton localisation