Material Modelling

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8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

A number of material-related factors can cause your structure's stiffness to change during the course of an analysis. Nonlinear stress-strain relationships of plastic, multilinear elastic, and hyperelastic materials will cause a structure's stiffness to change at different load levels (and, typically, at different temperatures). Creep, viscoplasticity, and viscoelasticity will give rise to nonlinearities that can be time-, rate-, temperature-, and stress-related. Swelling will induce strains that can be a function of temperature, time, neutron flux level (or some analogous quantity), and stress. Any of these kinds of material properties can be incorporated into an ANSYS analysis if you use appropriate element types. Nonlinear constitutive models (TB) are not applicable for the ANSYS Professional program. The following topics related to modeling material nonlinearities are available: Nonlinear Materials Material Model Combination Examples
8.4.1. Nonlinear Materials

If a material displays nonlinear or rate-dependent stress-strain behavior, use the TB family of commands (TB, TBTEMP, TBDATA, TBPT, TBCOPY, TBLIST, TBPLOT, TBDELE) [Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Models> Structural> Nonlinear] to define the nonlinear material property relationships in terms of a data table. The precise form of these commands varies depending on the type of nonlinear material behavior being defined. The different material behavior options are described briefly below. See theImplicit Analysis Data Tables in the Element Reference for specific details for each material behavior type. Topics covering the following general categories of nonlinear material models are available: Plasticity Multilinear Elasticity Material Model Hyperelasticity Material Model Bergstrom-Boyce Hyperviscoelastic Material Model Mullins Effect Material Model Anisotropic Hyperelasticity Material Model Creep Material Model Shape Memory Alloy Material Model Viscoplasticity Viscoelasticity Swelling Material Model User-Defined Material Model
8.4.1.1. Plasticity
Most common engineering materials exhibit a linear stress-strain relationship up to a stress level known as the proportional limit. Beyond this limit, the stress-strain relationship will become nonlinear, but will not necessarily
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become inelastic. Plastic behavior, characterized by nonrecoverable strain, begins when stresses exceed the material's yield point. Because there is usually little difference between the yield point and the proportional limit, the ANSYS program assumes that these two points are coincident in plasticity analyses (see Figure 8.9). Plasticity is a nonconservative, path-dependent phenomenon. In other words, the sequence in which loads are applied and in which plastic responses occur affects the final solution results. If you anticipate plastic response in your analysis, you should apply loads as a series of small incremental load steps or time steps, so that your model will follow the load-response path as closely as possible. The maximum plastic strain is printed with the substep summary information in your output (J b a e O T o n m . U ). Figure 8.9 Elastoplastic Stress-Strain Curve
The automatic time stepping feature [AUTOTS] (GUI path Main Menu> Solution> Analysis Type> Sol'n Control ( : Basic Tab) or Main Menu> Solution> Unabridged Menu> Load Step Opts> Time/Frequenc>Time and Substps) will respond to plasticity after the fact, by reducing the load step size after a load step in which a large number of equilibrium iterations was performed or in which a plastic strain increment greater than 15% was encountered. If too large a step was taken, the program will bisect and resolve using a smaller step size. Other kinds of nonlinear behavior might also occur along with plasticity. In particular, large deflection and large strain geometric nonlinearities will often be associated with plastic material response. If you expect large deformations in your structure, you must activate these effects in your analysis with the NLGEOM command (GUI path Main Menu> Solution> Analysis Type> Sol'n Control ( : Basic Tab) or Main Menu> Solution> Unabridged Menu> Analysis Type> Analysis Options). For large strain analyses, material stressstrain properties must be input in terms of true stress and logarithmic strain.
8.4.1.1.1. Plastic Material Models

The available material model options for describing plasticity behavior are described in this section. Use the links in the following table to navigate to the appropriate section: Bilinear Kinematic Hardening Bilinear Isotropic Hardening Anisotropic Multilinear Kinematic Hardening Multilinear Isotropic Hardening Hill Anisotropy Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening Nonlinear Isotropic Hardening Drucker-Prager
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Extended Drucker-Prager Cast Iron
Gurson Plasticity Cap Model
Gurson-Chaboche
You may incorporate other options into the program by using User Programmable Features (see the Guide to ANSYS User Programmable Features). Bilinear Kinematic Hardening Material Model. The Bilinear Kinematic Hardening (TB,BKIN) option assumes the total stress range is equal to twice the yield stress, so that the Bauschinger effect is included (see Figure 8.11). This option is recommended for general small-strain use for materials that obey von Mises yield criteria (which includes most metals). It is not recommended for large-strain applications. You can combine the BKIN option with creep and Hill anisotropy options to simulate more complex material behaviors. See Material Model Combinations in the Element Reference for the combination possibilities. Also, see Material Model Combination Examples in this chapter for sample input listings of material combinations. Stress-strain-temperature data are demonstrated in the following example. Figure 8.10(a) illustrates a typical display [TBPLOT] of bilinear kinematic hardening properties.
MTM,,,0 PEP1050 M,X11E,83 PE,,26-E T,KN12 BBI,, TTM,. BEP00 TDT,,43126 BAA14E,.E TTM,0 BEP50 TDT,,93E,.E BAA12.33086 TLS,KN1 BITBI, /RNE000 XAG,,.1 TPO,KN1 BLTBI, !Dfn tmeaue frYugsmdls eie eprtrs o on' ouu !C adC trsfrYugsmdls 0 n 1 em o on' ouu !Atvt adt tbe ciae aa al !Tmeaue=00 eprtr . !Yed=4,0;Tnetmdls=126 il 400 agn ouu .E !Tmeaue=50 eprtr 0 !Yed=2,3;Tnetmdls=086 il 930 agn ouu .E !Ls tedt tbe it h aa al !Xai o TPO t etn fo vrpio= t 00 -xs f BLT o xed rm aesln0 o .1 !Dslytedt tbe ipa h aa al
See the MPTEMP, MP, TB, TBTEMP, TBDATA, TBLIST, /XRANGE, and TBPLOT command descriptions for more information. Figure 8.10 Kinematic Hardening
(a) Bilinear kinematic hardening, (b) Multilinear kinematic hardening Figure 8.11 Bauschinger Effect
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Multilinear Kinematic Hardening Material Model. The Multilinear Kinematic Hardening (TB,KINH and TB,MKIN) options use the Besseling model, also called the sublayer or overlay model, so that the Bauschinger effect is included. KINH is preferred for use over MKIN because it uses Rice's model where the total plastic strains remain constant by scaling the sublayers. KINH allows you to define more stress-strain curves (40 vs. 5), and more points per curve (20 vs. 5). Also, when KINH is used with LINK180, SHELL181, SHELL281, PIPE288, PIPE289, ELBOW290, PLANE182, PLANE183, SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187, SOLID272, SOLID273, SOLID285, SOLSH190, BEAM188, BEAM189, SHELL208, SHELL209, REINF264, and REINF265, you can use T O T= 4 (or PLASTIC) to define the stress vs. plastic BP strain curve. For either option, if you define more than one stress-strain curve for temperature dependent properties, then each curve should contain the same number of points. The assumption is that the corresponding points on the different stress-strain curves represent the temperature dependent yield behavior of a particular sublayer. These options are not recommended for large-strain analyses. You can combine either of these options with the Hill anisotropy option to simulate more complex material behaviors. See Material Model Combinations in the Element Reference for the combination possibilities. Also, see Material Model Combination Examples in this chapter for sample input listings of material combinations. Figure 8.10(b) illustrates typical stress-strain curves for the MKIN option. A typical stress-strain temperature data input using KINH is demonstrated by this example.
T,IH123 BKN,,, TTM,00 BEP2. TP,00110 BT,.0,. TP,011,. BT,.0212 TP,021,. BT,.0313 TTM,00 BEP4. TP,00809 BT,.0,. TP,000810 BT,.98,. TP,019610 BT,.22,.5 !Atvt adt tbe ciae aa al !Tmeaue=2. eprtr 00 !Sri =001 Srs =10 tan .0, tes . !Sri =011,Srs =12 tan .02 tes . !Sri =021,Srs =13 tan .03 tes . !Tmeaue=4. eprtr 00 !Sri =008 Srs =09 tan .0, tes . !Sri =0008 Srs =10 tan .98, tes . !Sri =0196 Srs =10 tan .22, tes .5
In this example, the third point in the two stress-strain curves defines the temperature-dependent yield behavior of the third sublayer. A typical stress- plastic strain temperature data input using KINH is demonstrated by this example.
T,IH123PATC BKN,,,,LSI TTM,00 BEP2. TP,0010 BT,.,. TP,0112 BT,.,. TP,0213 BT,.,. TTM,00 BEP4. TP,0009 BT,.,. !Atvt adt tbe ciae aa al !Tmeaue=2. eprtr 00 !PatcSri =000,Srs =10 lsi tan .00 tes . !PatcSri =010,Srs =12 lsi tan .00 tes . !PatcSri =020,Srs =13 lsi tan .00 tes . !Tmeaue=4. eprtr 00 !PatcSri =000,Srs =09 lsi tan .00 tes .
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TP,000,. BT,.9010 TP,01910 BT,.2,.5
!PatcSri =000,Srs =10 lsi tan .90 tes . !PatcSri =019,Srs =10 lsi tan .20 tes .5
Alternatively, the same plasticity model can also be defined using TB,PLASTIC, as follows:
T,LSI,,,,IH BPATC123KN TTM,00 BEP2. TP,0010 BT,.,. TP,0112 BT,.,. TP,0213 BT,.,. TTM,00 BEP4. TP,0009 BT,.,. TP,000,. BT,.9010 TP,01910 BT,.2,.5 !Atvt adt tbe ciae aa al !Tmeaue=2. eprtr 00 !PatcSri =000,Srs =10 lsi tan .00 tes . !PatcSri =010,Srs =12 lsi tan .00 tes . !PatcSri =020,Srs =13 lsi tan .00 tes . !Tmeaue=4. eprtr 00 !PatcSri =000,Srs =09 lsi tan .00 tes . !PatcSri =000,Srs =10 lsi tan .90 tes . !PatcSri =019,Srs =10 lsi tan .20 tes .5
In this example, the stress - strain behavior is the same as the previous sample, except now the strain value is the plastic strain. The plastic strain can be converted from total strain as follows: Plastic Strain = Total Strain - (Stress/Young's Modulus). A typical stress-strain temperature data input using MKIN is demonstrated by this example.
MTM,,,0 PEP1050 M,X11E,83 PE,,26-E T,KN12 BMI,, TTM,SRI BEP,TAN TDT,,.7-,E37-,0-,5BAA136E35-,E31E31E3 TTM,. BEP00 TDT,,435E,536E,53 BAA14E,035E,036E TTM,0 BEP50 TDT,,93E,734.E,3734E BAA12.333E,0334.E,73 /RNE000 XAG,,.2 TPO,KN1 BLTMI, !Dfn tmeauedpnetE, eie eprtr-eedn X !a i BI eape s n KN xml !Atvt adt tbe ciae aa al !Nx TDT vle aesris et BAA aus r tan !Srisfraltms tan o l ep !Tmeaue=00 eprtr . !Srse a tmeaue=00 tess t eprtr . !Tmeaue=50 eprtr 0 !Srse a tmeaue=50 tess t eprtr 0
Please see the MPTEMP, MP, TB, TBPT, TBTEMP, TBDATA, /XRANGE, and TBPLOT command descriptions for more information. Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening Material Model. The following example is a typical data table with no temperature dependency and one kinematic model:
T,HBCE1 BCAOH, TDT,,1C,3 BAA1C,2C !Atvt CAOH dt tbe ciae HBCE aa al !Vle frcntnsC,C,adC aus o osat 1 2 n 3
The following example illustrates a data table of temperature dependent constants with two kinematic models at two temperature points:
T,HBCE122 BCAOH,,, TTM,0 BEP10 TDT,,1,1,1,1,1 BAA1C1C2C3C4C5 TTM,0 BEP20 TDT,,2,2,2,2,2 BAA1C1C2C3C4C5 !Atvt CAOH dt tbe ciae HBCE aa al !Dfn frttmeaue eie is eprtr !Vle frcntnsC1 C2 C3 aus o osat 1, 1, 1, !C4 adC5a frttmeaue 1, n 1 t is eprtr !Dfn scn tmeaue eie eod eprtr !Vle frcntnsC1 C2 C3 aus o osat 2, 2, 2, !C4 adC5a scn tmeaue 2, n 2 t eod eprtr
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Please see the TB, TBTEMP, and TBDATA command descriptions for more information. Bilinear Isotropic Hardening Material Model. The Bilinear Isotropic Hardening (TB,BISO) option uses the von Mises yield criteria coupled with an isotropic work hardening assumption. This option is often preferred for large strain analyses. You can combine BISO with Chaboche, creep, viscoplastic, and Hill anisotropy options to simulate more complex material behaviors. See Material Model Combinations in the Element Reference for the combination possibilities. Also, see Material Model Combination Examples in this chapter for sample input listings of material combinations. Multilinear Isotropic Hardening Material Model. The Multilinear Isotropic Hardening (TB,MISO) option is like the bilinear isotropic hardening option, except that a multilinear curve is used instead of a bilinear curve. This option is not recommended for cyclic or highly nonproportional load histories in small-strain analyses. It is, however, recommended for large strain analyses. The MISO option can contain up to 20 different temperature curves, with up to 100 different stress-strain points allowed per curve. Strain points can differ from curve to curve. You can combine this option with nonlinear kinematic hardening (CHABOCHE) for simulating cyclic hardening or softening. You can also combine the MISO option with creep, viscoplastic, and Hill anisotropy options to simulate more complex material behaviors. See Material Model Combinations in the Element Reference for the combination possibilities. Also, see Material Model Combination Examples in this chapter for sample input listings of material combinations. The stress-strain-temperature curves from the MKIN example would be input for a multilinear isotropic hardening material as follows:
/rp pe7 MTM,,,0 PEP1050 !Dfn tmeauedpnetE, eie eprtr-eedn X MDT,X1,46561.2e PAAE,,1.6E,2436 MDT,RY1,. PAAPX,,03 T,IO125 BMS,,, !Atvt adt tbe ciae aa al TTM,. BEP00 !Tmeaue=00 eprtr . TP,EI2-,93E BTDF,E32.33 !Sri,srs a tmeaue=0 tan tes t eprtr TP,EI5-,03 BTDF,E35E TP,EI7-,53 BTDF,E35E TP,EI1E36E BTDF,0-,03 TP,EI1E36E BTDF,5-,53 TTM,0 BEP50 !Tmeaue=50 eprtr 0 TP,EI22-,73E BTDF,.E32.33 !Sri,srs a tmeaue=50 tan tes t eprtr 0 TP,EI5-,73 BTDF,E33E TP,EI7-,033 BTDF,E34.E TP,EI1E34.E BTDF,0-,373 TP,EI1E34E BTDF,5-,73 /RNE000 XAG,,.2 TPO,IO1 BLTMS,
Alternatively, the same plasticity model can also be defined using TB,PLASTIC, as follows:
/rp pe7 MTM,,,0 PEP1050 !Dfn tmeauedpnetE, eie eprtr-eedn X MDT,X1,46561.2e PAAE,,1.6E,2436 MDT,RY1,. PAAPX,,03 T,LSI,,,,IO BPATC125MS TTM,. BEP00 TP,EI02.33 BTDF,,93E !Atvt T,LSI dt tbe ciae BPATC aa al !Tmeaue=00 eprtr . !Patcsri,srs a tmeaue=0 lsi tan tes t eprtr
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TP,EI15E35E BTDF,.9-,03 TP,EI32E35E BTDF,.5-,53 TP,EI59E36E BTDF,.1-,03 TP,EI10E26E BTDF,.6-,53 TTM,0 BEP50 TP,EI02.33 BTDF,,73E TP,EI20E33E BTDF,.2-,73 TP,EI37E34.E BTDF,.6-,033 TP,EI64E34.E BTDF,.8-,373 TP,EI11E24E BTDF,.2-,73 /RNE000 XAG,,.2 TPO,LSI, BLTPATC1
!Tmeaue=50 eprtr 0 !Patcsri,srs a tmeaue=50 lsi tan tes t eprtr 0
See the MPTEMP, MP, TB, TBTEMP, TBPT, /XRANGE, and TBPLOT command descriptions for more information. Nonlinear Isotropic Hardening Material Model. The Nonlinear Isotropic Hardening (TB,NLISO) option is based on either the Voce hardening law or the power law (see the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications for details). The NLISO Voce hardening option is a variation of BISO where an exponential saturation hardening term is appended to the linear term (see Figure 8.12). Figure 8.12 NLISO Stress-Strain Curve
The advantage of this model is that the material behavior is defined as a specified function which has four material constants that you define through the TBDATA command. You can obtain the material constants by fitting material tension stress-strain curves. Unlike MISO, there is no need to be concerned about how to appropriately define the pairs of the material stress-strain points. However, this model is only applicable to the tensile curve like the one shown in Figure 8.12. This option is suitable for large strain analyses. You can combine NLISO with Chaboche, creep, viscoplastic, and Hill anisotropy options to simulate more complex material behaviors. See Material Model Combinations in the Element Reference for the combination possibilities. Also, see Material Model Combination Examples in this chapter for sample input listings of material combinations. The following example illustrates a data table of temperature dependent constants at two temperature points:
T,LS, BNIO1 !Atvt NIOdt tbe ciae LS aa al
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TTM,0 BEP10 TDT,,1,1,1,1 BAA1C1C2C3C4 TTM,0 BEP20 TDT,,2,2,2,2 BAA1C1C2C3C4
!Dfn frttmeaue eie is eprtr !Vle frcntnsC1 C2 C3 aus o osat 1, 1, 1, !C4a frttmeaue 1 t is eprtr !Dfn scn tmeaue eie eod eprtr !Vle frcntnsC1 C2 C3 aus o osat 2, 2, 2, !C4a scn tmeaue 2 t eod eprtr
Please see the TB, TBTEMP, and TBDATA command descriptions for more information. Anisotropic Material Model. The Anisotropic (TB,ANISO) option allows for different bilinear stress-strain behavior in the material x, y, and z directions as well as different behavior in tension, compression, and shear. This option is applicable to metals that have undergone some previous deformation (such as rolling). It is not recommended for cyclic or highly nonproportional load histories since work hardening is assumed. The yield stresses and slopes are not totally independent (see the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications for details). To define anisotropic material plasticity, use MP commands (Main Menu> Solution> Load Step Opts> Other> Change Mat Props) to define the elastic moduli (EX, EY, EZ, NUXY, NUYZ, and NUXZ). Then, issue the TB command [TB,ANISO] followed by TBDATA commands to define the yield points and tangent moduli. (See Nonlinear Stress-Strain Materials in the Element Reference for more information.) Hill Anisotropy Material Model. The Hill Anisotropy (TB,HILL) option, when combined with other material options simulates plasticity, viscoplasticity, and creep - all using the Hill potential. See Material Model Combinations in the Element Reference for the combination possibilities. Also, see Material Model Combination Examples in this chapter for sample input listings of material combinations. The Hill potential may only be used with the following elements: LINK180, SHELL181, SHELL281, PIPE288, PIPE289, ELBOW290, PLANE182, PLANE183, SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187, SOLID272, SOLID273, SOLID285, SOLSH190, BEAM188, BEAM189, SHELL208, SHELL209, REINF264, and REINF265. Drucker-Prager Material Model. The Drucker-Prager (TB,DP) option is applicable to granular (frictional) material such as soils, rock, and concrete, and uses the outer cone approximation to the Mohr-Coulomb law.
M,X150 PE,,00 M,UY102 PNX,,.7 T,P1 BD, TDT,,.,20 BAA1293,
!Chso =29(s cnitn uis, oein . ue osset nt) !Ageo itra fito =3 dges nl f nenl rcin 2 ere, !Dltnyage=0dges iaac nl ere
See the MP, TB, and TBDATA command descriptions for more information. Extended Drucker-Prager Material Model. The Extended Drucker-Prager (TB,EDP) option is also available for granular materials. This option allows you to specify both the yield functions and the flow potentials using the complex expressions defined in Extended Drucker-Prager the Element Reference.
!xeddD Mtra Dfnto Etne P aeil eiiin /rp pe7 m,x1214 pe,,.e m,uy104 pnx,,.5 !ierYedFnto Lna il ucin
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t,d,,,YU bep1,LFN tdt,,.567845 baa1222,.967
!ierPatcFo Ptnil Lna lsi lw oeta t,d,,,FO bep1,LPT tdt,,.626 baa10560 tls,l,l bitalal
See the EDP argument and associated specifications in the TB command, the Extended Drucker-Prager in the Element Reference and also The Extended Drucker-Prager Model in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications for more information. Gurson Plasticity Material Model. The Gurson Plasticity (TB,GURSON) option is used to model porous metals. This option allows you to incorporate microscopic material behaviors, such as void dilatancy, void nucleation, and void coalescence into macroscopic plasticity models. (The microscopic behaviors of voids are described using the porosity variables defined in Gurson's Model in the Element Reference.)
!h Gro PATCT Mtra Dfnto Te usn LSIIY aeil eiiin /rp pe7 !!dfn lna eatct cntns ! eie ier lsiiy osat m,x1214 !Yugmdls pe,,.e on ouu m,uy103 !Pio rto pnx,,. osn ai !!dfn prmtr rltdt Gro mdlwt ! eie aaees eae o usn oe ih !!teoto o sri cnrle nceto wt ! h pin f tan otold ulain ih !!caecne ! olsec f0005 _=.0 !iiilprst nta ooiy q=. 115 !frtTegadcntn is vrar osat q=. 210 !scn Tegadcntn eod vrar osat fc01 _=.5 !ciia prst rtcl ooiy fF02 _=.0 !fiueprst alr ooiy fN00 _=.4 !nceto prst ulain ooiy sN01 _=. !sadr dvaino ma sri tnad eito f en tan sri_=. tanN03 !ma sri en tan sgaY5. im_=00 !iiilyedn srnt nta ilig tegh pwrN01 oe_=. !pwrvlefrnnieriorpc oe au o olna stoi !hreigpwrlw(OE adnn oe a PW) !!dfn Gro mtra ! eie usn aeil t,usn1,,ae bgro,,5bs tdt,,im_,_,1q baa1sgaYf0q,2 t,usn1,,nu bgro,,3sn tdt,,_,tanNsN baa1fNsri_,_ t,usn1,,ol bgro,,2ca tdt,,_,_ baa1fcfF t,ls,,2PWR bnio1,,OE tdt,sgaYpwrN baa,im_,oe_ tls,l,l bitalal
See the GURSON argument and associated specifications in the TB command documentation, and also Gurson's Model in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications for more information. Gurson-Chaboche Material Model. The Gurson-Chaboche model is an extension of the Gurson plasticity
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model. Like the Gurson model, the Gurson-Chaboche model is used for modeling porous metal materials, but includes both isotropic and kinematic hardening effects. Compared to the Gurson model with isotropic hardening only, the Gurson-Chaboche model can provide more realistic deformation results. The option first requires the input parameters for Gurson plasticity with isotropic hardening (TB,GURSON). Additional input parameters follow for Chaboche kinematic hardening (TB,CHABOCHE). The Gurson-Chaboche option accounts for microscopic material behaviors, such as void dilatancy, void nucleation, and void coalescence into macroscopic plasticity models. (The microscopic behavior of voids is described using the porosity variables defined in Gurson's Model Constants (TB,GURSON) in the Element Reference.)
!Eape Mdln Gro wt KnmtcHreig xml: oeig usn ih ieai adnn e=.e5 p21+ n=. u03 tre=.*p20(.+u heG30e/./10n) M,X1e PE,,p M,UY1n PNX,,u !GRO CEFCET USN OFIINS Q=. 115 !frttegadcntn is vrar osat Q= 21 !scn tegadcntn eod vrar osat Q=1Q 3Q*1 F01_=E8 !iiilprst nta ooiy FN00 _=.4 !vlm fato /vi nceto oue rcin od ulain SN01 _=. !tidtegadcntn hr vrar osat SRI_=. TANN03 !ma sri frncetos en tan o ulain PWRN01 OE_=. SGAYe/0. IM_=p300 T,USN1,,AE BGRO,,5BS !dfn gro bs mdl eie usn ae oe TDT,,IM_,_,1Q,3 BAA1SGAYF0Q,2Q T,USN1,,NU BGRO,,3SN !dfn gro sn eie usn nu TDT,,_,TANNSN BAA1FNSRI_,_ T,LS,,2PWR BNIO1,,OE !dfn nnieriorpcpwrhreiglw eie olna stoi oe adnn a TDT,,IM_,OE_ BAA1SGAYPWRN T,HBCE1, BCAOH,,2 !dfn caoh knmtchreig eie hbce ieai adnn TDT,,IM_,.1+,.710e1006 BAA1SGAY10e328,.6+,.2
For more information, see Gurson Plasticity with Isotropic/Chaboche Kinematic Hardening in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications. Cast Iron Material Model. The Cast Iron (TB,CAST and TB,UNIAXIAL) option assumes a modified von Mises yield surface, which consists of the von Mises cylinder in compression and a Rankine cube in tension. It has different yield strengths, flows, and hardenings in tension and compression. Elastic behavior is isotropic, and is the same in tension and compression. The TB,CAST command is used to input the plastic Poisson's ration in tension, which can be temperature dependent. Use the TB,UNIAXIAL command to enter the yield and hardening in tension and compression. Cast Iron is intended for monotonic loading only and cannot be used with any other material model.
T,AT1,IORPC BCS,,,STOI TDT,,.4 BAA100
T,NAIL115TNIN BUIXA,,,,ESO TTM,0 BEP1 TP,050-3083+4 BT,.5E0,.1E0 TP,010-2011+5 BT,.0E0,.3E0 TP,020-2021+5 BT,.5E0,.4E0 TP,030-2028+5 BT,.5E0,.8E0 TP,040-2032+5 BT,.5E0,.2E0 T,NAIL115CMRSIN BUIXA,,,,OPESO TTM,0 BEP1 TP,023-2030+5 BT,.0E0,.0E0 TP,050-2050+5 BT,.0E0,.0E0 TP,080-2051+5 BT,.0E0,.8E0 TP,010-1066+5 BT,.1E0,.5E0 TP,010-1070+5 BT,.4E0,.0E0
Figure 8.13 illustrates the idealized response of gray cast iron in tension and compression. Figure 8.13 Cast Iron Plasticity
See the TB and TBPT command descriptions for more information. Cap Model. The Extended Drucker-Prager model (TB,EDP) with the cap yield option (T O T= CYFUN) is BP used for geomaterials under compaction. This option allows you to model rate-independent plasticity or the combined effect of plasticity and creep. (See EDP Cap Material Constants and Implicit Creep Equations in the Element Reference.)
!Dfn cppatct mdl eie a lsiiy oe T,D,,1,YU BEP1,1CFN tdt, baa 1 , 10 . tdt, baa 2 , 10 . tdt, baa 3 , -0 8 tdt, baa 4 , 1 0 tdt, baa 5 , 001 .0 tdt, baa 6 , 2 tdt, baa 7 , 00 .5 tdt, baa 8 , 10 . !Dfn hreigfrcpcmato prin eie adnn o a-opcin oto
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tdt, baa 9 , 06 . tdt, baa 1, 0 3010 ./00 tdt, baa 1, 1 00 . !Dfn hreigfrserprin eie adnn o ha oto t,lsi,,2ms bpatc1,,io tp,ei0080 btdf,.,. tp,ei10100 btdf,.,0. !Dfn cepfnto frserprin eie re ucin o ha oto t,re,,41 bcep1,, te,acse bocp,ha tdt,,.e4060400 baa110-,.,.,. !Dfn cepfnto frcmato prin eie re ucin o opcin oto t,re,,41 bcep1,, te,accm bocp,op tdt,,.e4050500 baa120-,.,.,.
For further information, see: The TB,EDP command's cap model argument (T O T and associated specifications. BP) EDP Cap Material Constants in the Element Reference. Cap Creep Model in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications.
8.4.1.2. Multilinear Elasticity Material Model

The Multilinear Elastic (TB,MELAS) material behavior option describes a conservative (path-independent) response in which unloading follows the same stress-strain path as loading. Thus, relatively large load steps might be appropriate for models that incorporate this type of material nonlinearity. Input format is similar to that required for the multilinear isotropic hardening option, except that the TB command now uses the label MELAS.
8.4.1.3. Hyperelasticity Material Model

A material is said to be hyperelastic (TB,HYPER) if there exists an elastic potential function (or strain energy density function), which is a scalar function of one of the strain or deformation tensors, whose derivative with respect to a strain component determines the corresponding stress component. Hyperelasticity can be used to analyze rubber-like materials (elastomers) that undergo large strains and displacements with small volume changes (nearly incompressible materials). Large strain theory is required (NLGEOM,ON). A representative hyperelastic structure (a balloon seal) is shown in Figure 8.14. Figure 8.14 Hyperelastic Structure
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All current-technology elements except for link and beam elements are suitable for simulating hyperelastic materials. For more information, see Mixed u-P Formulation Elements in the Element Reference. The material response in ANSYS hyperelastic models can be either isotropic or anisotropic, and it is assumed to be isothermal. Because of this assumption, the strain energy potentials are expressed in terms of strain invariants. Unless indicated otherwise, the hyperelastic materials are also assumed to be nearly or purely incompressible. Material thermal expansion is also assumed to be isotropic. ANSYS supports several options of strain energy potentials for the simulation of incompressible or nearly incompressible hyperelastic materials. All options are applicable to elements SHELL181, SHELL281, PIPE288, PIPE289, ELBOW290, PLANE182, PLANE183, SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187, SOLID272, SOLID273, SOLID285, SOLSH190, SHELL208, and SHELL209. Access these options through the T O T BP argument of TB,HYPER. One of the options, the Mooney-Rivlin option, is also applicable to explicit dynamics elements PLANE162, SHELL163, SOLID164, and SOLID168. To access the Mooney-Rivlin option for these elements, use TB,MOONEY. ANSYS provides tools to help you determine the coefficients for all of the hyperelastic options defined by TB,HYPER. The TBFT command allows you to compare your experimental data with existing material data curves and visually fit your curve for use in the TB command. All of the TBFT command capability (except for plotting) is available via batch and interactive (GUI) mode. See Material Curve Fitting for more information. The following topics describing each of the hyperelastic options (TB,HYPER,,,,T O T are available: BP) Mooney-Rivlin Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,MOONEY) Ogden Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,OGDEN) Neo-Hookean Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,NEO) Polynomial Form Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,POLY) Arruda-Boyce Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,BOYCE) Gent Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,GENT) Yeoh Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,YEOH) Blatz-Ko Foam Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,BLATZ) Ogden Compressible Foam Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,FOAM) Response Function Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,RESPONSE) User-Defined Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,USER)
8.4.1.3.1. Mooney-Rivlin Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,MOONEY)
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Note that this section applies to using the Mooney-Rivlin option with elements SHELL181, SHELL281, PIPE288, PIPE289, ELBOW290, PIPE288, PIPE289, ELBOW290, PLANE182, PLANE183, SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187, SOLID272, SOLID273, SOLID285, SOLSH190, SHELL208, and SHELL209. The Mooney-Rivlin option (TB,HYPER,,,,MOONEY), which is the default, allows you to define 2, 3, 5, or 9 parameters through the N T argument of the TB command. For example, to define a 5 parameter model you PS would issue TB,HYPER,1,,5,MOONEY. The 2 parameter Mooney-Rivlin option has an applicable strain of about 100% in tension and 30% in compression. Compared to the other options, higher orders of the Mooney-Rivlin option may provide better approximation to a solution at higher strain. The following example input listing shows a typical use of the Mooney-Rivlin option with 3 parameters:
T,YE,,3MOE BHPR1,,ONY TDT,,.648 BAA10139 TDT,,.206 BAA20157 TDT,,.179 BAA30041 TDT,,.36E5 BAA46903!ciae3prmtrMoe-ilndt tbe Atvt aaee onyRvi aa al ! e i e c0 Dfn 1 ! e i e c1 Dfn 0 ! e i e c1 Dfn 1 !eieicmrsiiiyprmtr Dfn nopesblt aaee !a 2K Ki tebl mdls (s /, s h uk ouu)
Refer to Mooney-Rivlin Hyperelastic Material (TB,HYPER) in the Element Reference for a description of the material constants required for this option.
8.4.1.3.2. Ogden Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,OGDEN)

The Ogden option (TB,HYPER,,,,OGDEN) allows you to define an unlimited number of parameters via the N T argument of the TB command. For example, to define a three-parameter model, use PS TB,HYPER,1,,3,OGDEN. Compared to the other options, the Ogden option usually provides the best approximation to a solution at larger strain levels. The applicable strain level can be up to 700 percent. A higher parameter value can provide a better fit to the exact solution. It may however cause numerical difficulties in fitting the material constants, and it requires enough data to cover the whole range of deformation for which you may be interested. For these reasons, a high parameter value is not recommended. The following example input listing shows a typical use of the Ogden option with 2 parameters:
T,YE,,2ODN BHPR1,,GE TDT,,.296 BAA10369 TDT,, BAA22 TDT,,0205 BAA3-.512 TDT,,2 BAA4TDT,,.36E5 BAA56903!ciae2prmtrOdndt tbe Atvt aaee ge aa al !eie Dfn 1 ! e i e 1 Dfn !eie Dfn 2
! e i e 2 Dfn !eieicmrsiiiyprmtr Dfn nopesblt aaee !a 2K Ki tebl mdls (s /, s h uk ouu) !Scn icmrsiiiyprmtrd i zr) (eod nopesblt aaee 2 s eo
Refer to Ogden Hyperelastic Material Constants in the Element Reference for a description of the material
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constants required for this option.
8.4.1.3.3. Neo-Hookean Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,NEO)

The Neo-Hookean option (TB,HYPER,,,,NEO) represents the simplest form of strain energy potential, and has an applicable strain range of 20-30%. An example input listing showing a typical use of the Neo-Hookean option is presented below.
T,YE,,,E BHPR1,NO TDT,,.718 BAA10574 TDT,,.e5 BAA270!ciaeNoHoendt tbe Atvt e-oka aa al !eiem sermdls Dfn u ha ouu !eieicmrsiiiyprmtr Dfn nopesblt aaee !a 2K Ki tebl mdls (s /, s h uk ouu)
Refer to Neo-Hookean Hyperelastic Material in the Element Reference for a description of the material constants required for this option.
8.4.1.3.4. Polynomial Form Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,POLY)

The polynomial form option (TB,HYPER,,,,POLY) allows you to define an unlimited number of parameters through the N T argument of the TB command. For example, to define a 3 parameter model you would issue PS TB,HYPER,1,,3,POLY. Similar to the higher order Mooney-Rivlin options, the polynomial form option may provide a better approximation to a solution at higher strain. For N T = 1 and constant c01 = 0, the polynomial form option is equivalent to the Neo-Hookean option (see PS Neo-Hookean Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,NEO) for a sample input listing). Also, for N T = 1, it is PS equivalent to the 2 parameter Mooney-Rivlin option. For N T = 2, it is equivalent to the 5 parameter MooneyPS Rivlin option, and for N T = 3, it is equivalent to the 9 parameter Mooney-Rivlin option (see Mooney-Rivlin PS Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,MOONEY) for a sample input listing). Refer to Polynomial Form Hyperelastic Material Constants in the Element Reference for a description of the material constants required for this option.
8.4.1.3.5. Arruda-Boyce Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,BOYCE)

The Arruda-Boyce option (TB,HYPER,,,,BOYCE) has an applicable strain level of up to 300%. An example input listing showing a typical use of the Arruda-Boyce option is presented below.
T,YE,,,OC BHPR1,BYE TDT,,0. BAA1200 TDT,,. BAA250 TDT,,.0 BAA3001 !ciaeArd-oc dt tbe Atvt ruaBye aa al !eieiiilsermdls Dfn nta ha ouu !eielmtn ntoksrth Dfn iiig ewr tec !eieicmrsiiiyprmtr Dfn nopesblt aaee !a 2K Ki tebl mdls (s /, s h uk ouu)
Refer to Arruda-Boyce Hyperelastic Material Constants in the Element Reference for a description of the
material constants required for this option.
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material constants required for this option.
8.4.1.3.6. Gent Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,GENT)

The Gent option (TB,HYPER,,,,GENT) has an applicable strain level of up to 300%. An example input listing showing a typical use of the Gent option is presented below.
T,YE,,,ET BHPR1,GN TDT,,. BAA130 TDT,,20 BAA24. TDT,,.0 BAA3001 !ciaeGn dt tbe Atvt et aa al !eieiiilsermdls Dfn nta ha ouu !eielmtn I -3 Dfn iiig 1 !eieicmrsiiiyprmtr Dfn nopesblt aaee !a 2K Ki tebl mdls (s /, s h uk ouu)
Refer to Gent Hyperelastic Material Constants in the Element Reference for a description of the material constants required for this option.
8.4.1.3.7. Yeoh Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,YEOH)

The Yeoh option (TB,HYPER,,,,YEOH) is a reduced polynomial form of the hyperelasticity option TB,HYPER,,,,POLY. An example of a 2 term Yeoh model is TB,HYPER,1,,2,YEOH. Similar to the polynomial form option, the higher order terms may provide a better approximation to a solution at higher strain. For N T = 1, the Yeoh form option is equivalent to the Neo-Hookean option (see Neo-Hookean Hyperelastic PS Option (TB,HYPER,,,,NEO) for a sample input listing). The following example input listing shows a typical use of the Yeoh option with 2 terms and 1 incompressibility term:
T,YE,,2YO BHPR1,,EH TDT,,.648 BAA10139 TDT,,.206 BAA20157 TDT,,.36E5 BAA36903!ciae2tr Yo dt tbe Atvt em eh aa al !eieC Dfn 1 !eieC Dfn 2 !eiefrticmrsiiiyprmtr Dfn is nopesblt aaee
Refer to Yeoh Hyperelastic Material Constants in the Element Reference for a description of the material constants required for this option.
8.4.1.3.8. Blatz-Ko Foam Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,BLATZ)

The Blatz-Ko option (TB,HYPER,,,,BLATZ) is the simplest option for simulating the compressible foam type of elastomer. This option is analogous to the Neo-Hookean option of incompressible hyperelastic materials. An example input listing showing a typical use of the Blatz-Ko option is presented below.
T,YE,,,LT BHPR1,BAZ TDT,,. BAA150 !ciaeBazK dt tbe Atvt lt-o aa al !eieiiilsermdls Dfn nta ha ouu
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Refer to Blatz-Ko Foam Hyperelastic Material Constants in the Element Reference for a description of the material constants required for this option.
8.4.1.3.9. Ogden Compressible Foam Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,FOAM)

The Ogden compressible foam option (TB,HYPER,,,,FOAM) simulates highly compressible foam material. An example of a 3 parameter model is TB,HYPER,1,,3,FOAM. Compared to the Blatz-Ko option, the Ogden foam option usually provides the best approximation to a solution at larger strain levels. The higher the number of parameters, the better the fit to the experimental data. It may however cause numerical difficulties in fitting the material constants, and it requires sufficient data to cover the whole range of deformation for which you may be interested. For these reasons, a high parameter value is not recommended. The following example input listing shows a typical use of the Ogden foam option with two parameters:
T,YE,,2FA BHPR1,,OM TDT,,.5 BAA118 TDT,,. BAA245 TDT,,92 BAA3-.0 TDT,,45 BAA4-. TDT,,.2 BAA509 TDT,,.2 BAA609 !ciae2prmtrOdnfa dt tbe Atvt aaee ge om aa al !eie Dfn 1 ! e i e 1 Dfn !eie Dfn 2
! e i e 2 Dfn !eiefrtcmrsiiiyprmtr Dfn is opesblt aaee !eiescn cmrsiiiyprmtr Dfn eod opesblt aaee
Refer to Ogden Compressible Foam Hyperelastic Material Constants in the Element Reference for a description of the material constants required for this option.
8.4.1.3.10. Response Function Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,RESPONSE)

The response function hyperelastic option (TB,HYPER,,,,RESPONSE) works with experimental data (TB,EXPE). The TB,HYPER command's N T argument defines the number of terms in the volumetric potential function. The PS data table includes entries for the deformation limit cutoff for the stiffness matrix as the first entry, and the volumetric potential function incompressibility parameters starting in the third position. (The second position in the data table is unused.) The following example input shows the use of the response function option with two terms in the volumetric potential function:
T,YE,,2RSOS BHPR1,,EPNE TDT,,E4 BAA11TDT,,.0 BAA3002 TDT,,.00 BAA40001 !Atvt Rsos Fnto dt tbe ciae epne ucin aa al !Dfn dfrainlmtctf eie eomto ii uof !Dfn frticmrsiiiyprmtr eie is nopesblt aaee !Dfn scn icmrsiiiyprmtr eie eod nopesblt aaee
For a description of the material constants required for this option, see Response Function Hyperelastic Material Constants (TB,HYPER,,,,RESPONSE) in the Element Reference. For detailed information about response functions determined via experimental data, see Experimental Response Functions in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications.
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Experimental data for the model is entered via TB,EXPE and related commands. The response function hyperelastic model must include experimental data for at least one of the following deformations: uniaxial tension, equibiaxial tension, or planar shear. Any combination of these three deformations is also valid. For incompressible and nearly incompressible materials, uniaxial compression can be used in place of equibiaxial tension. Volumetric behavior is specified with either experimental data or a polynomial volumetric potential function. Incompressible behavior results if no volumetric model or data is given. Volumetric experimental data is input as two values per data point with volume ratio as the independent variable and pressure as the dependent variable. For uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression, equibiaxial tension, and planar shear deformations, the experimental data is entered in either of these formats: Two values per data point: engineering strain as the independent variable and engineering stress as the dependent variable Three values per data point: engineering strain in the loading direction as the independent variable, engineering strain in the lateral direction as the first dependent variable, and engineering stress as the second dependent variable. For uniaxial compression data, the lateral strain is ignored and incompressibility is assumed for the experimental data. The input format must be consistent within the table for an individual experimental deformation, but can change between tables for different experimental deformations. For example, incompressible uniaxial tension and planar shear data are used as input to the response function hyperelastic material defined above. Three experimental data points for incompressible uniaxial deformation are input with the following commands:
T,XEIETL1,UIESO BEPRMNA,,,NTNIN TFEDTM,1 BIL,EP2 TP, 00 BT, ., 00 . TP, 02 18 BT, ., .3 TP, 10 55 BT, ., .6 TP, 40 1. BT, ., 76 !Atvt uixa dt tbe ciae nail aa al !Tmeauefrfloigdt eprtr o olwn aa ! !1tdt pit s aa on !2ddt pit n aa on !3ddt pit r aa on
Four experimental data points for incompressible planar shear deformation are input with the following commands:
T,XEIETL1,SER BEPRMNA,,,HA TFEDTM,1 BIL,EP2 TP, 00 BT, ., 00 . TP, 02, 26 BT, .4 .9 TP, 09, 63 BT, .6 .2 TP, 42 1. BT, ., 97 TP, 51 2. BT, ., 74 !Atvt paa serdt tbe ciae lnr ha aa al !Tmeauefrfloigdt eprtr o olwn aa ! !1tdt pit s aa on !2ddt pit n aa on !3ddt pit r aa on !4hdt pit t aa on
The zero stress-strain point should be entered as an experimental data point; otherwise, interpolation or extrapolation of the data to zero strain should yield a value of zero stress. Data outside the experimental strain values are assumed to be constant; therefore, all experimental data should cover the simulated deformation range as measured by the first deformation invariant (expressed by Equation 4
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208 in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications). The following table shows various I1 values and the corresponding engineering strains in each experimental deformation for an incompressible material: Example I1 Values and Corresponding Experimental Strains I1 Uniaxial tension Biaxial tension Uniaxial compression Planar shear 3.01 0.059 0.030 -0.057 0.051 3.1 0.193 0.098 -0.171 0.171 4.0 0.675 0.362 -0.461 0.618 10.0 2.057 1.232 -0.799 1.981
For example, a simulation that includes deformation up to I1 = 10.0 requires experimental data in uniaxial tension up to about 206 percent engineering strain, biaxial tension to 123 percent, uniaxial compression to -80 percent, and planar shear to 198 percent. The values in the table were obtained by solving Equation 4263 for uniaxial tension, Equation 4272 for biaxial tension, Equation 4279 for planar shear (all described in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications), and converting the biaxial tension strain to equivalent uniaxial compression strain. Experimental data that does not include the lateral strain are assumed to be for incompressible material behavior; however, this data can be combined with a volumetric potential function to simulate the behavior of nearly incompressible materials. Combining incompressible experimental data with a volumetric model that includes significant compressibility is not restricted, but should be considered carefully before use in a simulation.
8.4.1.3.11. User-Defined Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,USER)

The User option (TB,HYPER,,,,USER) allows you to use the subroutine U E H P Rto define the derivatives of SRYE the strain energy potential with respect to the strain invariants. Refer to the Guide to ANSYS User Programmable Features for a detailed description on writing a user hyperelasticity subroutine.
8.4.1.4. Bergstrom-Boyce Hyperviscoelastic Material Model

Use the Bergstrom-Boyce material model (TB,BB) for modeling the strain-rate-dependent, hysteretic behavior of materials that undergo substantial elastic and inelastic strains. Examples of such materials include elastomers and biological materials. The model assumes an inelastic response only for shear distortional behavior; the response to volumetric deformations is still purely elastic. The following example input listing shows a typical use of the Bergstrom-Boyce option:
T,B,1 ,,IO B B , S TDT,1 13 BAA , .1 TDT,2 90 BAA , . TDT,3 44 BAA , .5 TDT,4 90 BAA , . !ciaeBrsrmByeIOdt tbe Atvt egto-oc S aa al !eiemtra cntn , Dfn aeil osat A ! e i e N = l c ) Dfn 0(Aok 2 !eiemtra cntn Dfn aeil osat B ! e i e N = l c ) Dfn 1(Bok 2
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TDT,5 03 BAA , .3 !eiemtra cntn Dfn aeil osat https://www.sharcnet.ca/Software/Fluent13/help/ans_str/Hlp_G_STR8_3.html#strplasttlm61199445
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TDT,5 03 BAA , .3 TDT,6 BAA , 1 TDT,7 52 BAA , .1 ! T,B,1 ,,PO B B , VL TDT,1 001 BAA , .0
!eiemtra cntn Dfn aeil osat !eiemtra cntn c Dfn aeil osat !eiemtra cntn m Dfn aeil osat !ciaeBrsrmByePO dt tbe Atvt egto-oc VL aa al !a 1K Ki tebl mdls s /, s h uk ouu
Additional Information For a description of the material constants required for this option, see Bergstrom-Boyce Material Constants (TB,BB) in the Element Reference. For more detailed information about this material model, see the documentation for the TB,BB command, and Bergstrom-Boyce in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications.
8.4.1.5. Mullins Effect Material Model

Use the Mullins effect option (TB,CDM) for modeling load-induced changes to constitutive response exhibited by some hyperelastic materials. Typical of filled polymers, the effect is most evident during cyclic loading where the unloading response is more compliant than the loading behavior. The condition causes a hysteresis in the stress-strain response and is a result of irreversible changes in the material. The Mullins effect option is used with any of the nearly- and fully-incompressible isotropic hyperelastic constitutive models (all TB,HYPER options with the exception of T O T= BLATZ or T O T= FOAM) and BP BP modifies the behavior of those models. The Mullins effect model is based on maximum previous load, where the load is the strain energy of the virgin hyperelastic material. As the maximum previous load increases, changes to the virgin hyperelastic constitutive model due to the Mullins effect also increase. Below the maximum previous load, the Mullins effect changes are not evolving; however, the Mullins effect still modifies the hyperelastic constitutive response based on the maximum previous load. To select the modified Ogden-Roxburgh pseudo-elastic Mullins effect model, use the TB command to set T O T BP = PSE2. The pseudo-elastic model results in a scaled stress given by
where is a damage variable. The functional form of the modified Ogden-Roxburgh damage variable is
, (T O T= PSE2) BP where Wm is the maximum previous strain energy and W0 is the strain energy for the virgin hyperelastic material. The modified Ogden-Roxburgh damage function requires and enforces N T = 3 with the three material PS constants r, m, and . Select the material constants to ensure over the range of application. This condition is guaranteed for r > 0, m > 0, and 0; however, it is also guaranteed by the less stringent bounds r > 0, m > 0, and (m + Wm)
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> 0. The latter bounds are solution-dependent, so you must ensure that the limits for are not violated if < 0. Following is an example input fragment for the modified Ogden-Roxburgh pseudo-elastic Mullins effect model:
T,D,,3PE BCM1,,S2 TDT,,.,.E,. BAA11510602 !oiidOdnRxug ped-lsi Mdfe ge obrh suoeatc !eier m ad Dfn , , n
Additional Information For a description of the material constants required for this option, see Mullins Effect Constants (TB,CDM) in the Element Reference. For more detailed information about this material model, see the documentation for the TB,CDM command, and Mullins Effect in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications.
8.4.1.6. Anisotropic Hyperelasticity Material Model

You can use anisotropic hyperelasticity to model the directional differences in material behavior. This is especially useful when modeling elastomers with reinforcements, or for biomedical materials such as muscles or arteries. You use the format TB,AHYPER,,,,T O Tto define the material behavior. BP The TBOPT field allows you to specify the isochoric part, the material directions and the volumetric part for the material simulation. You must define one single TB table for each option. You can enter temperature dependent data for anisotropic hyperelastic material with the TBTEMP command. For the first temperature curve, you issue TB, AHYPER,,,T O T then input the first temperature using the BP, TBTEMP command. The subsequent TBDATA command inputs the data. See the TB command, and Anisotropic Hyperelasticity in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications for more information. The following example shows the definition of material constants for an anisotropic hyperelastic material option:
!dfnngmtra cntnsfraitrpchprlsi oto eiii aeil osat o nsooi yeeatc pin t,hpr113,oy baye,,,1pl !a,2a 1a,3 tdt,,0201 baa11,,. !b,2b 1b,3 tdt,,,,. baa45101 !c,3c,5c 2c,4c,6 tdt,,,.2002001000 baa7100,.0,.0,.05 !d,3d,5d 2d,4d,6 tdt,2100,.0,.0,.05 baa1,,.2002001000 !e,3e,5e 2e,4e,6 tdt,7100,.0,.0,.05 baa1,,.2002001000 !f,3f,5f 2f,4f,6 tdt,2100,.0,.0,.05 baa2,,.2002001000 !g,3g,5g 2g,4g,6 tdt,7100,.0,.0,.05 baa2,,.2002001000 !opesblt prmtrd cmrsiiiy aaee t,hpr111po baye,,,,vl tdt,,e3 baa11https://www.sharcnet.ca/Software/Fluent13/help/ans_str/Hlp_G_STR8_3.html#strplasttlm61199445 21/58
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!retto vco AAxyz oinain etr =(,,) t,hpr113ae baye,,,,vc tdt,,,, baa1100 !retto vco BBxyz oinain etr =(,,) t,hpr113be baye,,,,vc tdt,,/qt2,/qt2, baa11sr()1sr()0
8.4.1.7. Creep Material Model

Creep is a rate-dependent material nonlinearity in which the material continues to deform under a constant load. Conversely, if a displacement is imposed, the reaction force (and stresses) will diminish over time (stress relaxation; see Figure 8.15(a)). The three stages of creep are shown in Figure 8.15(b). The ANSYS program has the capability of modeling the first two stages (primary and secondary). The tertiary stage is usually not analyzed since it implies impending failure. Figure 8.15 Stress Relaxation and Creep
Creep is important in high temperature stress analyses, such as for nuclear reactors. For example, suppose you apply a preload to some part in a nuclear reactor to keep adjacent parts from moving. Over a period of time at high temperature, the preload would decrease (stress relaxation) and potentially let the adjacent parts move. Creep can also be significant for some materials such as prestressed concrete. Typically, the creep deformation is permanent. The program analyzes creep using two time-integration methods. Both are applicable to static or transient analyses. The implicit creep method is robust, fast, accurate, and recommended for general use. It can handle temperature dependent creep constants, as well as simultaneous coupling with isotropic hardening plasticity models. The explicit creep method is useful for cases where very small time steps are required. Creep constants cannot be dependent on temperature. Coupling with other plastic models is available by superposition only. The terms implicit and explicit as applied to creep, have no relationship to explicit dynamics, or any elements referred to as explicit elements. The implicit creep method supports the following elements: LINK180, SHELL181, SHELL281, PIPE288, PIPE289, ELBOW290, PLANE182, PLANE183, SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187, SOLID272, SOLID273, SOLID285, SOLSH190, BEAM188, BEAM189, SHELL208, SHELL209, REINF264, and REINF265.
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The explicit creep method supports legacy elements, such as SOLID62 and SOLID65. The creep strain rate may be a function of stress, strain, temperature, and neutron flux level. Built-in libraries of creep strain rate equations are used for primary, secondary, and irradiation induced creep. (See Creep Equations in the Element Reference for discussions of, and input procedures for, these various creep equations.) Some equations require specific units. For the explicit creep option in particular, temperatures used in the creep equations should be based on an absolute scale. The following topics related to creep are available: Implicit Creep Procedure Explicit Creep Procedure
8.4.1.7.1. Implicit Creep Procedure

The basic procedure for using the implicit creep method involves issuing the TB command with L b= CREEP, a and choosing a creep equation by specifying a value for T O T The following example input shows the use of the BP. implicit creep method. T O T= 2 specifies that the primary creep equation for model 2 will be used. BP Temperature dependency is specified using the TBTEMP command, and the four constants associated with this equation are specified as arguments with the TBDATA command.
T,RE,,,, BCEP1142 TTM,0 BEP10 TDT,,1C,3C BAA1C,2C,4
You can input other creep expressions using the user programmable feature and setting T O T= 100. You can BP define the number of state variables using the TB command with L b= STATE. The following example shows a how five state variables are defined.
T,TT,,5 BSAE1,
You can simultaneously model creep [TB,CREEP] and isotropic, bilinear kinematic, and Hill anisotropy options to simulate more complex material behaviors. See Material Model Combinations in the Element Reference for the combination possibilities. Also, see Material Model Combination Examples in this chapter for sample input listings of material combinations. To perform an implicit creep analysis, you must also issue the solution RATE command, with O t o = ON (or pin 1). The following example shows a procedure for a time hardening creep analysis (See Figure 8.16). Figure 8.16 Time Hardening Creep Analysis
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The user applied mechanical loading in the first load step, and turned the RATE command OFF to bypass the creep strain effect. Since the time period in this load step will affect the total time thereafter, the time period for this load step should be small. For this example, the user specified a value of 1.0E-8 seconds. The second load step is a creep analysis. The RATE command must be turned ON. Here the mechanical loading was kept constant, and the material creeps as time increases.
/OU SL RT,F AEOF TM,.E8 IE10.. . SL OV RT,N AEO TM,0 IE10 .. . SL OV !is la se,apymcaia laig Frt od tp pl ehncl odn !re aayi tre of Cep nlss und f !iepro stt avr salvle Tm eid e o ey ml au !ov ti la se Sle hs od tp !eodla se,n frhrmcaia la Scn od tp o ute ehncl od !re aayi tre o Cep nlss und n !iepro stt dsrdvle Tm eid e o eie au !ov ti la se Sle hs od tp
The RATE command works only when modeling implicit creep with either von Mises or Hill potentials. When modeling implicit creep with von Mises potential, you can use the RATE command with the following elements: LINK180, SHELL181, SHELL281, PIPE288, PIPE289, ELBOW290, PLANE182, PLANE183, SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187, SOLID272, SOLID273, SOLID285, SOLSH190, BEAM188, BEAM189, SHELL208, SHELL209, REINF264, and REINF265. When modeling anisotropic creep (TB,CREEP with TB,HILL), you can use the RATE command with the following elements: LINK180, SHELL181, SHELL281, PIPE288, PIPE289, ELBOW290, PLANE182, PLANE183, SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187, SOLID272, SOLID273, SOLID285, SOLSH190, BEAM188, BEAM189, SHELL208, SHELL209, REINF264, and REINF265. For most materials, the creep strain rate changes significantly at an early stage. Because of this, a general recommendation is to use a small initial incremental time step, then specify a large maximum incremental time step by using solution command DELTIM or NSUBST. For implicit creep, you may need to examine the effect of the time increment on the results carefully because ANSYS does not enforce any creep ratio control by default. You can always enforce a creep limit ratio using the creep ratio control option in commands CRPLIM or CUTCONTROL,C P I I . A recommended value for a creep limit ratio ranges from 1 to 10. The ratio may RLMT vary with materials so your decision on the best value to use should be based on your own experimentation to
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gain the required performance and accuracy. For larger analyses, a suggestion is to first perform a time increment convergence analysis on a simple small size test. ANSYS provides tools to help you determine the coefficients for all of the implicit creep options defined in TB,CREEP. The TBFT command allows you to compare your experimental data with existing material data curves and visually fit your curve for use in the TB command. All of the TBFT command capability (except for plotting) is available via batch and interactive (GUI) mode. See Material Curve Fitting for more information.
8.4.1.7.2. Explicit Creep Procedure

The basic procedure for using the explicit creep method involves issuing the TB command with L b= CREEP a and choosing a creep equation by adding the appropriate constant as an argument with the TBDATA command. T O Tis either left blank or = 0. The following example input uses the explicit creep method. Note that all BP constants are included as arguments with the TBDATA command, and that there is no temperature dependency.
T,RE, BCEP1 TDT,,1C,3C,,6 BAA1C,2C,4 C
For the explicit creep method, you can incorporate other creep expressions into the program by using User Programmable Features (see the Guide to ANSYS User Programmable Features). For highly nonlinear creep strain vs. time curves, a small time step must be used with the explicit creep method. Creep strains are not computed if the time step is less than 1.0e-6. A creep time step optimization procedure is available [AUTOTS and CRPLIM] for automatically adjusting the time step as appropriate.
8.4.1.8. Shape Memory Alloy Material Model

The Shape Memory Alloy (TB,SMA) material behavior option describes the super-elastic behavior of nitinol alloy. Nitinol is a flexible metal alloy that can undergo very large deformations in loading-unloading cycles without permanent deformation. As illustrated in Figure 8.17, the material behavior has three distinct phases: an austenite phase (linear elastic), a martensite phase (also linear elastic), and the transition phase between these two. Figure 8.17 Shape Memory Alloy Phases
Use the MP command to input the linear elastic behavior of the austenite phase, and the TB,SMA command to input the behavior of the transition and martensite phases. Use the TBDATA command to enter the specifics (data sets) of the alloy material. You can enter up to six sets of data. SMAs can be specified for the following elements: PLANE182, PLANE183, SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187, and SOLSH190, SOLID272, SOLID273, and SOLID285. A typical ANSYS input listing (fragment) will look similar to this:
M,X16.E PE,,003 M,UY103 PNX,.. T,M,, BSA12 TTM,0 BEP1 TDT,,2.,0.,0.,0.,.701 BAA150060030020000,.2 TTM,0 BEP2 TDT,,2.,4.,0.,0.,.001 BAA140050030020001,.5 !Dfn aseieeatcpoete eie utnt lsi rpris ! !Dfn mtra 1a SA eie aeil s M, !wt totmeaue ih w eprtrs !Dfn frtsatn tm eie is trig ep !Dfn SAprmtr eie M aaees ! !Dfn scn satn tm eie eod trig ep !Dfn SAprmtr eie M aaees
See TB, and TBDATA for more information.
8.4.1.9. Viscoplasticity
Viscoplasticity is a time-dependent plasticity phenomenon, where the development of the plastic strain is dependent on the rate of loading. The primary application is high-temperature metal-forming (such as rolling and deep drawing) which involves large plastic strains and displacements with small elastic strains. (See Figure 8.18.) Viscoplasticity is defined by unifying plasticity and creep via a set of flow and evolutionary equations. A constraint equation preserves volume in the plastic region.
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For more information about modeling viscoplasticity, see Nonlinear Stress-Strain Materials in the Element Reference. Figure 8.18 Viscoplastic Behavior in a Rolling Operation
Rate-Dependent Plasticity (Viscoplasticity) The TB,RATE command option allows you to introduce the strain rate effect in material models to simulate the time-dependent response of materials. Typical applications include metal forming and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). The Perzyna, Peirce, Anand and Chaboche material options (described in Rate-Dependent Plasticity in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications) are available, as follows: Perzyna and Peirce options Unlike other rate-dependent material options (such as creep or the Anand model), the Perzyna and Peirce models include a yield surface. The plasticity, and thus the strain rate hardening effect, is active only after plastic yielding. To simulate viscoplasticity, use the Perzyna and Peirce models in combination with the TB command's BISO, MISO, or NLISO material options. Further, you can simulate anisotropic viscoplasticity by combining the HILL option. (See Material Model Combinations in the Element Reference for combination possibilities. For sample input listings of material combinations, see Material Model Combination Examples in this guide.) For isotropic hardening, the intent is to simulate the strain rate hardening of materials rather than softening. Large-strain analysis is supported. The Perzyna and Peirce rate-dependent material options apply to the following elements: LINK180, SHELL181, SHELL281, PIPE288, PIPE289, ELBOW290, PLANE182, PLANE183, SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187, SOLID272, SOLID273, SOLID285, SOLSH190, BEAM188, BEAM189, SHELL208, SHELL209, REINF264, and REINF265. exponential visco-hardening (EVH) option The exponential visco-hardening (EVH) rate-dependent material option uses explicit functions to define the static yield stresses of materials and therefore does not need to combine with other plastic options (such as BIO, MISO, NLISO, and PLASTIC) to define it. The option applies to the following elements:
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PLANE182 and PLANE183 (except for plane stress), SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187,SOLID272, SOLID273, SOLID285, and SOLSH190. Anand option The Anand rate-dependent material option using the Anand model applies to the following elements: PLANE182 and PLANE183 (except for plane stress), SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187,SOLID272, SOLID273, SOLID285, and SOLSH190.
8.4.1.10. Viscoelasticity
Viscoelasticity is similar to creep, but part of the deformation is removed when the loading is taken off. A common viscoelastic material is glass. Some plastics are also considered to be viscoelastic. One type of viscoelastic response is illustrated in Figure 8.19. Figure 8.19 Viscoelastic Behavior (Maxwell Model)
Viscoelasticity is modeled for small- and large-deformation viscoelasticity with element types LINK180, SHELL181, SHELL281, PIPE288, PIPE289, ELBOW290, PLANE182, PLANE183, SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187, SOLID272, SOLID273, SOLID285, SOLSH190, BEAM188, BEAM189, SHELL208, SHELL209, REINF264, and REINF265. You must input material properties using the TB family of commands. For SHELL181, SHELL281, PIPE288, PIPE289, ELBOW290, PLANE182, PLANE183, SOLID185, SOLID186, SOLID187, SOLID272, SOLID273, SOLID285, SOLSH190, SHELL208, and SHELL209, the underlying elasticity is specified by either the MP command (hypoelasticity) or by the TB,HYPER command (hyperelasticity). For LINK180, BEAM188, BEAM189, REINF264, and REINF265, the underlying elasticity is specified using the MP command (hypoelasticity) only. The elasticity constants correspond to those of the fast load limit. Use the TB,PRONY and TB,SHIFT commands to input the relaxation property. (See the TB command description for more information).
!ml Sri Vsolsiiy Sal tan iceatct m,x12.E !lsi poete pe,,005 eatc rpris m,uy103 pnx,,. t,rn,,2ser bpoy1,,ha !eievsoiyprmtr (ha) dfn icst aaees ser tdt,,.,.,.540 baa1052002,. t,rn,,2bl bpoy1,,uk !eievsoiyprmtr (uk dfn icst aaees bl) tdt,,.,.,.540 baa1052002,. !ag Sri Vsolsiiy Lre tan iceatct t,ye,,,on bhpr1,mo !lsi poete eatc rpris tdt,,8424,.E6 baa13.6E,1228/58
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t,rn,,1ser bpoy1,,ha tdt,,.,. baa10520 t,rn,,1bl bpoy1,,uk tdt,,.,. baa10520
!eievsoiyprmtr dfn icst aaees !eievsoiyprmtr dfn icst aaees
See Viscoelastic Material Constants in the Element Reference and the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications for details about how to input viscoelastic material properties using the TB family of commands. ANSYS provides tools to help you determine the coefficients for all of the viscoelastic options defined by TB,PRONY. The TBFT command allows you to compare your experimental data with existing material data curves and visually fit your curve for use in the TB command. All of the TBFT command capability (except for plotting) is available via batch and interactive (GUI) mode. See Material Curve Fitting for more information.
8.4.1.11. Swelling Material Model

Certain materials respond to neutron flux by enlarging volumetrically, or swelling. In order to include swelling effects, you must write your own swelling subroutine, USERSW. (See the Guide to ANSYS User Programmable Features) Swelling Equations in the Element Reference discusses how to use TB,SWELL and the TB family of commands to input constants for the swelling equations. Swelling can also be related to other phenomena, such as moisture content. The ANSYS commands for nuclear swelling can be used analogously to define swelling due to other causes.
8.4.1.12. User-Defined Material Model

The User-Defined material model (TB,USER) describes input parameters for defining your own material model via the U e M tsubroutine. sra For more information about user-defined materials, see User-Defined Materials in the Element Reference, and Subroutine UserMat (Creating Your Own Material Model) in the Guide to ANSYS User Programmable Features.
8.4.2. Material Model Combination Examples

You can combine several material model options to simulate complex material behaviors. Material Model Combinations in the Element Reference presents the model options you can combine along with the associated TB command labels and links to sample input listings. The following example input listings are presented in sections identified by the TB command labels. RATE and CHAB and BISO Example RATE and CHAB and MISO Example RATE and CHAB and PLAS (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) Example RATE and CHAB and NLISO Example BISO and CHAB Example MISO and CHAB Example
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PLAS (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) and CHAB Example NLISO and CHAB Example PLAS (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) and EDP Example MISO and EDP Example GURSON and BISO Example GURSON and MISO Example GURSON and PLAS (MISO) Example NLISO and GURSON Example RATE and BISO Example MISO and RATE Example RATE and PLAS (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) Example RATE and NLISO Example BISO and CREEP Example MISO and CREEP Example PLAS (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) and CREEP Example NLISO and CREEP Example BKIN and CREEP Example HILL and BISO Example HILL and MISO Example HILL and PLAS (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) Example HILL and NLISO Example HILL and BKIN Example HILL and MKIN Example HILL and KINH Example HILL, and PLAS (Kinematic Hardening) Example HILL and CHAB Example HILL and BISO and CHAB Example HILL and MISO and CHAB Example HILL and PLAS (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) and CHAB Example HILL and NLISO and CHAB Example HILL and RATE and BISO Example HILL and RATE and MISO Example HILL and RATE and NLISO Example HILL and CREEP Example HILL, CREEP and BISO Example HILL and CREEP and MISO Example HILL, CREEP and PLAS (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) Example HILL and CREEP and NLISO Example HILL and CREEP and BKIN Example Hyperelasticity and Viscoelasticity (Implicit) Example EDP and CREEP and PLAS (MISO) Example CAP and CREEP and PLAS (MISO) Example
8.4.2.1. RATE and CHAB and BISO Example
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This input listing illustrates an example of combining viscoplasticity and Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening plasticity and bilinear isotropic hardening plasticity.
M,X11503 PE,,8.E M,UY103 PNX,,. T,AE1,PRYA BRT,,,EZN TDT,,., BAA1051 T,HB1 BCA, TDT,,8,0, BAA110103 T,IO1 BBS, TDT,,8,0 BAA11020 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!RT TBE AE AL
!CAOH TBE HBCE AL
!BS TBE IO AL
For information on the RATE option, see Rate-Dependent Viscoplastic Materials in the Element Reference, and Viscoplasticity in this document. For information on the BISO option, see Bilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this document. For information on the CHAB option, see Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this document.
8.4.2.2. RATE and CHAB and MISO Example

This input listing illustrates an example of combining viscoplasticity and Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening plasticity and multilinear isotropic hardening plasticity.
M,X1153 PE,,8E M,UY103 PNX,,. T,AE1,PRYA BRT,,,EZN TDT,,., BAA1051 T,HB1 BCA, TDT,,8,0, BAA110103 T,IO1 BMS, TP,97-,8 BT,.E410 TP,1030 BT,.,8 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!RT TBE AE AL
!CAOH TBE HBCE AL !TI EAPEIOHRA HS XML STEML !MS TBE IO AL
For information about the RATE option, see Rate-Dependent Viscoplastic Materials in the Element Reference, and the RATE option, see Viscoplasticity in the Element Reference, and in this document. For information about the MISO option, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this document. For information on the CHAB option, see Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this document.
8.4.2.3. RATE and CHAB and PLAS (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) Example
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In addition to the TB,MISO example (above), you can also use material plasticity, the multilinear isotropic hardening option - TB,PLAS, , , ,MISO to combine viscoplasticity and Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening plasticity. An example of the combination is as follows:
M,X1153 PE,,8E M,UY103 PNX,,. T,AE1,PRYA BRT,,,EZN TDT,,., BAA1051 T,HB1 BCA, TDT,,8,0, BAA110103 T,LS,,IO BPA,,MS TP,0010 BT,.,8 TP,097530 BT,.99,8 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!RT TBE AE AL
For information about the RATE option, see Rate-Dependent Viscoplastic Materials in the Element Reference, and the RATE option, see Viscoplasticity in the Element Reference, and in this document. For information about the PLAS option, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this document. For information on the CHAB option, see Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this document.
8.4.2.4. RATE and CHAB and NLISO Example

This input listing illustrates an example of combining viscoplasticity and Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening plasticity and nonlinear isotropic hardening plasticity.
M,X12.E PE,,005 M,UY103 PNX,,. T,AE1,PRYA BRT,,,EZN TDT,,., BAA1051 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!RT TBE AE AL
T,HB135 BCA,,, !CAOH TBE HBCE AL TTM,01 BEP2, !TI EAPETMEAUEDPNET HS XML EPRTR EEDN TDT,,0,00,0,00,0,00 BAA1502001040020100 TDT,,002010100 BAA710,0,0,0, TTM,02 BEP4, TDT,,8,0002048050120 BAA180240,0,30,0,00 TDT,,0020,00500 BAA710,6020,0, TTM,03 BEP6, TDT,,00240,0,50,0,20 BAA118,4004048070120 TDT,,4030,80900 BAA710,0020,0, T,LS,, BNIO12 TTM,01 BEP4, TDT,,8,.,003 BAA180008., TTM,02 BEP6, TDT,,00001007 BAA118,.,2., !NIOTBE LS AL
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For information about the RATE option, see Rate-Dependent Viscoplastic Materials in the Element Reference, and the RATE option, see Viscoplasticity in the Element Reference, and in this document. For information about the NLISO option, see Nonlinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this document. For information on the CHAB option, see Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this document.
8.4.2.5. BISO and CHAB Example

This input listing illustrates an example of combining bilinear isotropic hardening plasticity with Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening plasticity.
M,X11503 PE,,8.E M,UY103 PNX,,. !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
T,HB1 BCA, TDT,,8,0, BAA110103 T,IO1 BBS, TDT,,8,0 BAA11020
!CAOH TBE HBCE AL
!BS TBE IO AL
For information on the BISO option, see Bilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CHAB option, see Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.6. MISO and CHAB Example

This input listing illustrates an example of combining multilinear isotropic hardening plasticity with Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening plasticity.
M,X1153 PE,,8E M,UY103 PNX,,. T,HB1 BCA, TDT,,8,0, BAA110103 T,IO1 BMS, TP,97-,8 BT,.E410 TP,1030 BT,.,8 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
For information on the MISO option, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CHAB option, see Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
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8.4.2.7. PLAS (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) and CHAB Example

In addition to the TB,MISO example (above), you can also use material plasticity. The multilinear isotropic hardening option - TB,PLAS, , , ,MISO is combined with Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening in the following example:
M,X1153 PE,,8E M,UY103 PNX,,. T,HB1 BCA, TDT,,8,0, BAA110103 T,LS,,IO BPA,,MS TP,0010 BT,.,8 TP,097530 BT,.99,8 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
8.4.2.8. NLISO and CHAB Example

This input listing illustrates an example of combining nonlinear isotropic hardening plasticity with Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening plasticity.
M,X12.E PE,,005 M,UY103 PNX,,. !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
T,HB135 BCA,,, !CAOH TBE HBCE AL TTM,01 BEP2, !TI EAPETMEAUEDPNET HS XML EPRTR EEDN TDT,,0,00,0,00,0,00 BAA1502001040020100 TDT,,002010100 BAA710,0,0,0, TTM,02 BEP4, TDT,,8,0002048050120 BAA180240,0,30,0,00 TDT,,0020,00500 BAA710,6020,0, TTM,03 BEP6, TDT,,00240,0,50,0,20 BAA118,4004048070120 TDT,,4030,80900 BAA710,0020,0, T,LS,, BNIO12 TTM,01 BEP4, TDT,,8,.,003 BAA180008., TTM,02 BEP6, TDT,,00001007 BAA118,.,2., !NIOTBE LS AL
For information on the NLISO option, see Nonlinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CHAB option, see Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
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8.4.2.9. PLAS (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) and EDP Example

You can use the TB,PLAS capability in conjunction with Extended Drucker-Prager plasticity. The multilinear isotropic hardening option - TB,PLAS, , , ,MISO is combined with Extended Drucker-Prager plasticity in the following example:
/rp pe7 m,x1214 pe,,.e m,uy101 pnx,,. y=.967 s7845 s=000 l10. t,d,,,YU bep1,LFN tdt,,.56y baa1222,s t,d,,,FO bep1,LPT tdt,,.626 baa10560 t,ls112ms bpa,,,,io tp,ei00784 btdf,.,.9 tp,ei110.9 btdf,,0784 !EatcPoete lsi rpris
For information on the MISO option, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the EDP option, see Extended Drucker-Prager in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.10. MISO and EDP Example

The TB,MISO option can also be used to combine multilinear isotropic hardening with Extended DruckerPrager plasticity, as shown in the following example:
/rp pe7 m,x1214 pe,,.e m,uy101 pnx,,. y=.967 s7845 s=000 l10. t,d,,,YU bep1,LFN tdt,,.56y baa1222,s t,d,,,FO bep1,LPT tdt,,.626 baa10560 t,io112 bms,,, tp,ei000795784 btdf,.0350,.9 tp,ei10799210.9 btdf,.4945,0784 !EatcPoete lsi rpris
For information on the MISO option, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic
Material Models in this chapter.
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Material Models in this chapter. For information on the EDP option, see Extended Drucker-Prager in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.11. GURSON and BISO Example

The TB,BISO option can also be used to combine bilinear isotropic hardening with Gurson plasticity, as shown in the following example:
q=. 115 q= 21 q=1q 3q*1 sgaYE300 im_=/0. Yed10sgaY il=./im_ rn=. oe10 rhe=. tre30 f0 00 _= .4 fN 00 _= .4 SN01 _=. sri_=. tanN03 PwrN01 oe_=. t,US1,,AE bGR,,5BS tdt,,im_,_,1q,3 baa1sgaYf0q,2q t,US1,,NU bGR,,3SN tdt,,_,tanNSN baa1fNsri_,_ T,IO1 BBS, TDT,,il,PwrN BAA1Yed oe_ !Gro' BS mdl usns AE oe
!Gro' SN mdl usns NU oe
!BS TBE IO AL
For information on the BISO option, see Bilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the GURSON option, see Gurson's Model in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.12. GURSON and MISO Example

The TB,MISO option can also be used to combine multilinear isotropic hardening with Gurson plasticity, as shown in the following example:
Yug1000 on=000 sgaYYug300 im_=on/0. yed100sgaY31196 il=.d/im_/.452 !dfn eatcPoete eie lsi rpris m,x1Yug pe,,on m,uy103 pnx,,. !Dfn Gro' cefcet eie usns ofiins q=. 115 q= 21 q=1q 3q*1 https://www.sharcnet.ca/Software/Fluent13/help/ans_str/Hlp_G_STR8_3.html#strplasttlm61199445
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q=1q 3q*1 f0 0000 _= .000 fN 00 _= .4 SN01 _=. sri_=. tanN03 PwrN01 oe_=. fc01 _=.5 fF02 _=.5 !Gro Mdl usn oe t,us1,,AE bgr,,5BS tdt,,im_,_,1q,3 baa1sgaYf0q,2q t,us1,,NU bgr,,3SN tdt,,_,tanNSN baa1fNsri_,_
!BS DFND AE EIE
!SN DFND NU EIE
t,us1,,OL bgr,,2CA tdt,,_,_ baa1fcfF t,io,6 bms,, tp,003333 bt,.0333, tp,008829 bt,.1927, tp,013382 bt,.0507, tp,052957 bt,.6379, tp,106316 bt,.0010, tp,294456 bt,.3567,
!CA DFND OL EIE
33.333 33333 36.667 96666 40 70 56.667 56666 50 90 66.667 56666
For information on the MISO option, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the GURSON option, see Gurson's Model in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.13. GURSON and PLAS (MISO) Example

The TB,PLAS ,,, MISO option can also be used to combine multilinear isotropic hardening with Gurson plasticity, as shown in the following example:
q=. 115 q= 21 q=1q 3q*1 sgaYE300 im_=/0. Yed10sgaY il=./im_ rn=. oe10 rhe=. tre30 f0 00 _= .4 fN 00 _= .4 SN01 _=. sri_=. tanN03 PwrN01 oe_=. t,US1,,AE bGR,,5BS tdt,,im_,_,1q,3 baa1sgaYf0q,2q t,US1,,NU bGR,,3SN !Gro' BS mdl usns AE oe

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tdt,,_,tanNSN baa1fNsri_,_ t,ls1,,io bpa,,4ms tp,df,00 Yed bt ei ., il tp,df,1 1.*il bt ei , 00Yed
For information on the MISO option, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the GURSON option, see Gurson's Model in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.14. NLISO and GURSON Example

The TB,NLISO option can also be used to combine nonlinear isotropic hardening with Gurson plasticity, as shown in the following example:
q=. 115 q= 21 q=1q 3q*1 sgaYE300 im_=/0. Yed10sgaY il=./im_ rn=. oe10 rhe=. tre30 f0 00 _= .4 fN 00 _= .4 SN01 _=. sri_=. tanN03 PwrN01 oe_=. t,US1,,AE bGR,,5BS tdt,,im_,_,1q,3 baa1sgaYf0q,2q t,US1,,NU bGR,,3SN tdt,,_,tanNSN baa1fNsri_,_ t,ls,,,,OE bnio112PWR tdt,,im_,oe_ baa1sgaYpwrN !Gro' BS mdl usns AE oe
For information on the NLISO option, see Nonlinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the GURSON option, see Gurson's Model in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.15. RATE and BISO Example

This input listing illustrates an example of combining bilinear isotropic hardening plasticity with the TB,RATE command to model viscoplasticity.
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T,IO1 BBS, TDT,,00100 BAA190,00 T,AE1,PRYA BRT,,,EZN TDT,,., BAA1051
!BS TBE IO AL
!RT TBE AE AL
For information on the BISO option, see Bilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the RATE option, see Rate-Dependent Viscoplastic Materials in the Element Reference, and Viscoplasticity in this chapter.
8.4.2.16. MISO and RATE Example

This input listing illustrates an example of combining multilinear isotropic hardening plasticity with the TB,RATE command to model viscoplasticity.
M,X12.E PE,,005 M,UY103 PNX,,. T,IO1 BMS, TP,005300 BT,.1,00 TP,000300 BT,.2,20 TP,005380 BT,.2,30 TP,000300 BT,.3,50 TP,000350 BT,.4,60 TP,000300 BT,.5,80 TP,000300 BT,.6,90 T,AE1,PRYA BRT,,,EZN TDT,,., BAA1051 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!MS TBE IO AL
!RT TBE AE AL
For information on the MISO option, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the RATE option, see Rate-Dependent Viscoplastic Materials in the Element Reference, and Viscoplasticity in this chapter.
8.4.2.17. RATE and PLAS (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) Example

In addition to the TB,MISO example (above), you can also use material plasticity. The multilinear isotropic hardening option - TB,PLAS, , , ,MISO is combined with RATE-dependent viscoplasticity in the following example:
M,X12.E PE,,005 M,UY103 PNX,,. T,LS,,IO BPA,,MS TP,0000300 BT,.00,00 TP,40E3300 BT,.0-,20 TP,81E3380 BT,.0-,30 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!MS TBE IO AL
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TP,12E2300 BT,.5-,50 TP,21E2350 BT,.8-,60 TP,31E2300 BT,.0-,80 TP,40E2300 BT,.5-,90 T,AE1,PRYA BRT,,,EZN TDT,,., BAA1051 !RT TBE AE AL
For information on the MISO option, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the RATE option, see Rate-Dependent Viscoplastic Materials in the Element Reference, and Viscoplasticity in this chapter.
8.4.2.18. RATE and NLISO Example

This input listing illustrates an example of combining nonlinear isotropic hardening plasticity with the TB,RATE command to model viscoplasticity.
M,X12.E PE,,005 M,UY103 PNX,,. T,LS, BNIO1 TDT,,00,00050,7 BAA1300100,2012 T,AE1,PRYA BRT,,,EZN TDT,,., BAA1051 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!NIOTBE LS AL
!RT TBE AE AL
For information on the NLISO option, see Nonlinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the RATE option, see Rate-Dependent Viscoplastic Materials in the Element Reference, and Viscoplasticity in this chapter.
8.4.2.19. BISO and CREEP Example

This input listing illustrates an example of combining bilinear isotropic hardening plasticity with implicit creep.
M,X12.E PE,,005 M,UY103 PNX,,. T,IO1 BBS, TDT,,00100 BAA190,00 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!BS TBE IO AL
T,RE,,, BCEP1,2 !CEPTBE RE AL TDT,,.65-450-.,. BAA1152E1,.,0500
For information on the BISO option, see Bilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CREEP option, see Implicit Creep Equations in the Element Reference, and Implicit
Creep Procedure in this chapter.
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Creep Procedure in this chapter.
8.4.2.20. MISO and CREEP Example

This input listing illustrates an example of combining multilinear isotropic hardening plasticity with implicit creep.
M,X12.E PE,,005 M,UY103 PNX,,. T,IO1 BMS, TP,005300 BT,.1,00 TP,000300 BT,.2,20 TP,005380 BT,.2,30 TP,000300 BT,.3,50 TP,000350 BT,.4,60 TP,000300 BT,.5,80 TP,000300 BT,.6,90 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!MS TBE IO AL
For information on the MISO option, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CREEP option, see Implicit Creep Equations in the Element Reference, and Implicit Creep Procedure in this chapter.
8.4.2.21. PLAS (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) and CREEP Example

In addition to the TB,MISO example (above), you can also use material plasticity. The multilinear isotropic hardening option - TB,PLAS, , , ,MISO is combined with implicit CREEP in the following example:
M,X12.E PE,,005 M,UY103 PNX,,. T,LS,,IO BPA,,MS TP,0000300 BT,.00,00 TP,40E3300 BT,.0-,20 TP,81E3380 BT,.0-,30 TP,12E2300 BT,.5-,50 TP,21E2350 BT,.8-,60 TP,31E2300 BT,.0-,80 TP,40E2300 BT,.5-,90 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!MS TBE IO AL
For information on the MISO option, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CREEP option, see Implicit Creep Equations in the Element Reference, and Implicit Creep Procedure in this chapter.
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8.4.2.22. NLISO and CREEP Example

This input listing illustrates an example of combining nonlinear isotropic hardening plasticity with implicit creep.
M,X12.E PE,,005 M,UY103 PNX,,. T,LS, BNIO1 TDT,,00,00050,7 BAA1300100,2012 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!NIOTBE LS AL
For information on the NLISO option, see Nonlinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CREEP option, see Implicit Creep Equations in the Element Reference, and Implicit Creep Procedure in this chapter.
8.4.2.23. BKIN and CREEP Example

This input listing illustrates an example of combining bilinear kinematic hardening plasticity with implicit creep.
M,X117 PE,,e M,UY103 PNX,,.2 T,KN1 BBI,, TDT,,20,00 BAA140010 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!BI TBE KN AL
T,RE,,, BCEP1,6 !CEPTBE RE AL TDT,,.e2,.,,,, BAA174-1350000
For information on the BKIN option, see Bilinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CREEP option, see Implicit Creep Equations in the Element Reference, and Implicit Creep Procedure in this chapter.
8.4.2.24. HILL and BISO Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic plasticity with bilinear isotropic hardening.
T,IL12 BHL,, !HL TBE IL AL TTM,0 BEP10 TDT,,,.421287108511 BAA11100,.49,.79,, TTM,0 BEP20 TDT,,.,.411409,.,. BAA10909,.2,.70909
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T,IO12 BBS,, TTM,0 BEP10 TDT,,6.,7.8 BAA14103456 TTM,0 BEP20 TDT,,0.,2. BAA1400350
!BS TBE IO AL
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the BISO option, see Bilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.25. HILL and MISO Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic plasticity with multilinear isotropic hardening.
!MS TBE IO AL
T,IL1 BHL, !HL TBE IL AL TDT,,.,.,.,.50908 BAA110110908,.,.0
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the MISO option, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.26. HILL and PLAS (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) Example

In addition to the TB,MISO example (above), you can also use material plasticity. The multilinear isotropic hardening option - TB,PLAS, , , ,MISO is combined with HILL anisotropic plasticity in the following example:
M,X12.E PE,,005 M,UY103 PNX,,. T,LS,,IO BPA,,MS TP,0000300 BT,.00,00 TP,40E3300 BT,.0-,20 TP,81E3380 BT,.0-,30 TP,12E2300 BT,.5-,50 TP,21E2350 BT,.8-,60 TP,31E2300 BT,.0-,80 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!MS TBE IO AL
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TP,40E2300 BT,.5-,90 T,IL1 BHL, !HL TBE IL AL TDT,,.,.,.,.50908 BAA110110908,.,.0
For information on the MISO option, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.27. HILL and NLISO Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic plasticity with nonlinear isotropic hardening.
!NIOTBE LS AL
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the NLISO option, see Nonlinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.28. HILL and BKIN Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic plasticity with bilinear kinematic hardening.
M,X12.E PE,,005 M,UY103 PNX,,. T,KN1 BBI, TDT,,00100 BAA190,00 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!BI TBE KN AL
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the BKIN option, see Bilinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.29. HILL and MKIN Example

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This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic plasticity with multilinear kinematic hardening.
MTM,,040608090 PEP12,0,5,0,5 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
MDT,X113.062.662.062.162.66 PAAE,,,00E,73E,52E,31E,07E MDT,Y113.062.662.062.162.66 PAAE,,,00E,73E,52E,31E,07E MDT,Z113.062.662.062.162.66 PAAE,,,00E,73E,52E,31E,07E MDT,RY11031039038035037 PAAPX,,,.5,.5,.6,.7,.7 MDT,RZ11031039038035037 PAAPY,,,.5,.5,.6,.7,.7 MDT,RZ11031039038035037 PAAPX,,,.5,.5,.6,.7,.7 MDT,X,,,.9E,.6E,.1E,.8E,.6E PAAGY1111041104110410041004 MDT,Y,,,.9E,.6E,.1E,.8E,.6E PAAGZ1111041104110410041004 MDT,X,,,.9E,.6E,.1E,.8E,.6E PAAGZ1111041104110410041004
T,KN155 BMI,,, !MI TBE KN AL TTM,sri BEP,tan TDT,,.0500600,.801 BAA1001,.0,.400,. TTM,0 BEP2 TDT,,50,00,00,100100 BAA1400600900150,200 TTM,0 BEP40 TDT,,14,42,28,080194 BAA1400570800148,040 TTM,5 BEP60 TDT,,70,00,50,60,080 BAA1380540760960100 TTM,0 BEP80 TDT,,46,62,93,88,24 BAA1365420630858940 TTM,5 BEP90 TDT,,14,12,28,98,34 BAA1310450620750800
T,IL15 BHL,, !HL TBE IL AL TTM,00 BEP2. TDT,,.,.,.,.309,.3 BAA110101009,.309 TTM,0. BEP400 TDT,,.,.,.,.309,.3 BAA110101009,.309 TTM,5. BEP600 TDT,,.,.,.,.309,.3 BAA110101009,.309 TTM,0. BEP800 TDT,,.,.,.,.010,.0 BAA110101010,.010 TTM,5. BEP900 TDT,,.,.,.,.010,.0 BAA110101010,.010
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the MKIN option, see Multilinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.30. HILL and KINH Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic plasticity with multilinear kinematic hardening.
M,X12E PE,,06 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
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M,UY103 PNX,,. T,IH1, BKN,,3 TP,5-,E BT,E513 TP,00,E BT,.123 TP,06,E BT,.064 !KN TBE IH AL
T,IL1 BHL, !HL TBE IL AL TDT,,.,.,.,.509,.5 BAA110110908,.009
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the KINH option, see Multilinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.31. HILL, and PLAS (Kinematic Hardening) Example

In addition to the TB,KINH example (above), you can also use material plasticity. The kinematic hardening option - TB,PLAS, , , ,KINH is combined with HILL anisotropic plasticity in the following example:
M,X12E PE,,06 M,UY103 PNX,,. T,LS,,IH BPA,,KN TP,000013 BT,.00,E TP,99E323 BT,.0-,E TP,59E164 BT,.7-,E T,IL1 BHL, !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!KN TBE IH AL
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the KINH option, see Multilinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.32. HILL and CHAB Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic plasticity with Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening.
M,X1153 PE,,8E M,UY103 PNX,,. T,HB1 BCA, TDT,,8,0,, BAA1104030 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!CAOH TBE HBCE AL
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material
Models in this chapter.
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Models in this chapter. For information on the CHAB option, see Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.33. HILL and BISO and CHAB Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic plasticity with bilinear isotropic hardening and Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening.
M,X1153 PE,,8E M,UY103 PNX,,. T,HB1 BCA, TDT,,8,0, BAA110103 T,IO1 BBS, TDT,,8,0 BAA11020 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!CAOH TBE HBCE AL
!BS TBE IO AL
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the BISO option, see Bilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CHAB option, see Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.34. HILL and MISO and CHAB Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic plasticity with multilinear isotropic hardening and Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening.
M,X1153 PE,,8E M,UY103 PNX,,. T,HB1 BCA, TDT,,8,0, BAA115103 T,IO1 BMS, TP,00115 BT,.0,8 TP,1030 BT,.,8 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!CAOH TBE HBCE AL
!MS TBE IO AL
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
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8.4.2.35. HILL and PLAS (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) and CHAB Example
In addition to the TB,MISO example (above), you can also use material plasticity. The multilinear isotropic hardening option - TB,PLAS, , , ,MISO is combined with HILL anisotropic plasticity and Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening in the following example:
M,X1153 PE,,8E M,UY103 PNX,,. T,HB1 BCA, TDT,,8,0, BAA115103 T,LS,,IO BPA,,MS TP,00115 BT,.0,8 TP,09830 BT,.9,8 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!CAOH TBE HBCE AL
!MS TBE IO AL
For information on the MISO option, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CHAB option, see Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.36. HILL and NLISO and CHAB Example

This input listing illustrates an example of combining anisotropic plasticity with nonlinear isotropic hardening and Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening.
MTM,,02040506060 PEP12,0,0,5,0,5 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT MTM,707080809090 PEP,0,5,0,5,0,5 ! MDT,X11120412041104100410041004 PAAE,,,.5E,.1E,.4E,.9E,.7E,.5E MDT,X1,.2E,.9E,.6E,.3E,.9E,.6E PAAE,,100409540934092408040854 ! MDT,Y11120412041104100410041004 PAAE,,,.5E,.1E,.4E,.9E,.7E,.5E MDT,Y1,.2E,.9E,.6E,.3E,.9E,.6E PAAE,,100409540934092408040854 ! MDT,Z11120412041104100410041004 PAAE,,,.5E,.1E,.4E,.9E,.7E,.5E MDT,Z1,.2E,.9E,.6E,.3E,.9E,.6E PAAE,,100409540934092408040854 ! MDT,RY11031039038035037030 PAAPX,,,.5,.5,.6,.7,.7,.8 https://www.sharcnet.ca/Software/Fluent13/help/ans_str/Hlp_G_STR8_3.html#strplasttlm61199445
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MDT,RY11031039038035037030 PAAPX,,,.5,.5,.6,.7,.7,.8 MDT,RY1,.8,.8,.8,.8,.9,.9 PAAPX,,032034036039031033 ! MDT,RZ11031039038035037030 PAAPY,,,.5,.5,.6,.7,.7,.8 MDT,RZ1,.8,.8,.8,.8,.9,.9 PAAPY,,032034036039031033 ! MDT,RZ11031039038035037030 PAAPX,,,.5,.5,.6,.7,.7,.8 MDT,RZ1,.8,.8,.8,.8,.9,.9 PAAPX,,032034036039031033 ! MDT,X,,,.9E,.6E,.1E,.8E,.6E,.4E PAAGY11110411041104100410041004 MDT,X,,100410040934096409840874 PAAGY1,.2E,.0E,.7E,.4E,.0E,.8E ! MDT,Y,,,.9E,.6E,.1E,.8E,.6E,.4E PAAGZ11110411041104100410041004 MDT,Y,,100410040934096409840874 PAAGZ1,.2E,.0E,.7E,.4E,.0E,.8E ! MDT,X,,,.9E,.6E,.1E,.8E,.6E,.4E PAAGZ11110411041104100410041004 MDT,X,,100410040934096409840874 PAAGZ1,.2E,.0E,.7E,.4E,.0E,.8E
T,LS, BNIO1 TDT,,8,.,0., BAA110001005 ! T,HB1 BCA, TDT,,8,0, BAA110103
!NIOTBE LS AL
!CAOH TBE HBCE AL
T,IL15 BHL,, TTM,5. BEP700 TDT,,.,.,.,.309,.3 BAA110101009,.309 TTM,0. BEP800 TDT,,.,.,.,.309,.3 BAA110101009,.309 TTM,5. BEP800 TDT,,.,.,.,.309,.3 BAA110101009,.309 TTM,0. BEP900 TDT,,.,.,.,.010,.0 BAA110101010,.010 TTM,5. BEP900 TDT,,.,.,.,.010,.0 BAA110101010,.010
!HL TBE IL AL
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the NLISO option, see Nonlinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CHAB option, see Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.37. HILL and RATE and BISO Example
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This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic viscoplasticity with bilinear isotropic hardening plasticity.
MTM,,040608090 PEP12,0,5,0,5 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT ! MDT,X113.062.662.062.162.66 PAAE,,,00E,73E,52E,31E,07E ! MDT,Y113.062.662.062.162.66 PAAE,,,00E,73E,52E,31E,07E ! MDT,Z113.062.662.062.162.66 PAAE,,,00E,73E,52E,31E,07E ! MDT,RY11031039038035037 PAAPX,,,.5,.5,.6,.7,.7 ! MDT,RZ11031039038035037 PAAPY,,,.5,.5,.6,.7,.7 ! MDT,RZ11031039038035037 PAAPX,,,.5,.5,.6,.7,.7 ! MDT,X,,,.9E,.6E,.1E,.8E,.6E PAAGY1111041104110410041004 ! MDT,Y,,,.9E,.6E,.1E,.8E,.6E PAAGZ1111041104110410041004 ! MDT,X,,,.9E,.6E,.1E,.8E,.6E PAAGZ1111041104110410041004
T,IO1 BBS,, TDT,,50,600 BAA1400700
!BS TBE IO AL
T,AE12,EZN BRT,,,PRYA TTM,0 BEP2 TDT,,.,. BAA10103 TTM,5 BEP90 TDT,,.,. BAA10305
!RT TBE AE AL
T,IL15 BHL,, !HL TBE IL AL TTM,5. BEP700 TDT,,.,.,.,.309,.3 BAA110101009,.309 TTM,0. BEP800 TDT,,.,.,.,.309,.3 BAA110101009,.309 TTM,5. BEP800 TDT,,.,.,.,.309,.3 BAA110101009,.309 TTM,0. BEP900 TDT,,.,.,.,.010,.0 BAA110101010,.010 TTM,5. BEP900 TDT,,.,.,.,.010,.0 BAA110101010,.010
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the RATE option, see Rate-Dependent Viscoplastic Materials in the Element Reference, and Viscoplasticity in this chapter. For information on the BISO option, see Bilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
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8.4.2.38. HILL and RATE and MISO Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic viscoplasticity with multilinear isotropic hardening plasticity.
!MS TBE IO AL
T,IL1 BHL, !HL TBE IL AL TDT,,.,.,.,.50908 BAA110110908,.,.0 T,AE1,PRYA BRT,,,EZN TDT,,., BAA1051 !RT TBE AE AL
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the RATE option, see Rate-Dependent Viscoplastic Materials in the Element Reference, and Viscoplasticity in this chapter. For information on the MISO option, see Bilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.39. HILL and RATE and NLISO Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic viscoplasticity with nonlinear isotropic hardening plasticity.
!NIOTBE LS AL
T,IL1 BHL, !HL TBE IL AL TDT,,.,.,.,.50908 BAA110110908,.,.0 T,AE1,PRYA BRT,,,EZN TDT,,., BAA1051 !RT TBE AE AL
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
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For information on the RATE option, see Rate-Dependent Viscoplastic Materials in the Element Reference, and Viscoplasticity in this chapter. For information on the NLISO option, see Nonlinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.40. HILL and CREEP Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic implicit creep.
MTM,,02040506060 PEP12,0,0,5,0,5 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT MTM,707080809090 PEP,0,5,0,5,0,5 ! MDT,X11120412041104100410041004 PAAE,,,.5E,.1E,.4E,.9E,.7E,.5E MDT,X1,.2E,.9E,.6E,.3E,.9E,.6E PAAE,,100409540934092408040854 ! MDT,Y11120412041104100410041004 PAAE,,,.5E,.1E,.4E,.9E,.7E,.5E MDT,Y1,.2E,.9E,.6E,.3E,.9E,.6E PAAE,,100409540934092408040854 ! MDT,Z11120412041104100410041004 PAAE,,,.5E,.1E,.4E,.9E,.7E,.5E MDT,Z1,.2E,.9E,.6E,.3E,.9E,.6E PAAE,,100409540934092408040854 ! MDT,RY11031039038035037030 PAAPX,,,.5,.5,.6,.7,.7,.8 MDT,RY1,.8,.8,.8,.8,.9,.9 PAAPX,,032034036039031033 ! MDT,RZ11031039038035037030 PAAPY,,,.5,.5,.6,.7,.7,.8 MDT,RZ1,.8,.8,.8,.8,.9,.9 PAAPY,,032034036039031033 ! MDT,RZ11031039038035037030 PAAPX,,,.5,.5,.6,.7,.7,.8 MDT,RZ1,.8,.8,.8,.8,.9,.9 PAAPX,,032034036039031033 ! MDT,X,,,.9E,.6E,.1E,.8E,.6E,.4E PAAGY11110411041104100410041004 MDT,X,,100410040934096409840874 PAAGY1,.2E,.0E,.7E,.4E,.0E,.8E ! MDT,Y,,,.9E,.6E,.1E,.8E,.6E,.4E PAAGZ11110411041104100410041004 MDT,Y,,100410040934096409840874 PAAGZ1,.2E,.0E,.7E,.4E,.0E,.8E ! MDT,X,,,.9E,.6E,.1E,.8E,.6E,.4E PAAGZ11110411041104100410041004 MDT,X,,100410040934096409840874 PAAGZ1,.2E,.0E,.7E,.4E,.0E,.8E
T,RE,,, BCEP1,2 TDT,,.1E3,.5-.5 BAA1591-462,02
!CEPTBE RE AL
T,IL15 BHL,, TTM,5. BEP700 TDT,,.,.,.,.309,.3 BAA110101009,.309 TTM,0. BEP800 TDT,,.,.,.,.309,.3 BAA110101009,.309 TTM,5. BEP800 TDT,,.,.,.,.309,.3 BAA110101009,.309 TTM,0. BEP900 TDT,,.,.,.,.010,.0 BAA110101010,.010 TTM,5. BEP900
!HL TBE IL AL
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TDT,,.,.,.,.010,.0 BAA110101010,.010
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CREEP option, see Implicit Creep Equations in the Element Reference, and Implicit Creep Procedure in this chapter.
8.4.2.41. HILL, CREEP and BISO Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic implicit creep with bilinear isotropic hardening plasticity.
MTM,,02040506060 PEP12,0,0,5,0,5 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT MTM,707080809090 PEP,0,5,0,5,0,5 ! MDT,X11120412041104100410041004 PAAE,,,.5E,.1E,.4E,.9E,.7E,.5E MDT,X1,.2E,.9E,.6E,.3E,.9E,.6E PAAE,,100409540934092408040854 ! MDT,Y11120412041104100410041004 PAAE,,,.5E,.1E,.4E,.9E,.7E,.5E MDT,Y1,.2E,.9E,.6E,.3E,.9E,.6E PAAE,,100409540934092408040854 ! MDT,Z11120412041104100410041004 PAAE,,,.5E,.1E,.4E,.9E,.7E,.5E MDT,Z1,.2E,.9E,.6E,.3E,.9E,.6E PAAE,,100409540934092408040854 ! MDT,RY11031039038035037030 PAAPX,,,.5,.5,.6,.7,.7,.8 MDT,RY1,.8,.8,.8,.8,.9,.9 PAAPX,,032034036039031033 ! MDT,RZ11031039038035037030 PAAPY,,,.5,.5,.6,.7,.7,.8 MDT,RZ1,.8,.8,.8,.8,.9,.9 PAAPY,,032034036039031033 ! MDT,RZ11031039038035037030 PAAPX,,,.5,.5,.6,.7,.7,.8 MDT,RZ1,.8,.8,.8,.8,.9,.9 PAAPX,,032034036039031033 ! MDT,X,,,.9E,.6E,.1E,.8E,.6E,.4E PAAGY11110411041104100410041004 MDT,X,,100410040934096409840874 PAAGY1,.2E,.0E,.7E,.4E,.0E,.8E ! MDT,Y,,,.9E,.6E,.1E,.8E,.6E,.4E PAAGZ11110411041104100410041004 MDT,Y,,100410040934096409840874 PAAGZ1,.2E,.0E,.7E,.4E,.0E,.8E ! MDT,X,,,.9E,.6E,.1E,.8E,.6E,.4E PAAGZ11110411041104100410041004 MDT,X,,100410040934096409840874 PAAGZ1,.2E,.0E,.7E,.4E,.0E,.8E
T,IO1 BBS, TDT,,8,0 BAA11020
!BS TBE IO AL
T,RE,,, BCEP1,2 TDT,,.1E3,.5-.5 BAA1591-462,02
!CEPTBE RE AL
T,IL15 BHL,, TTM,5. BEP700 TDT,,.,.,.,.309,.3 BAA110101009,.309
!HL TBE IL AL
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TTM,0. BEP800 TDT,,.,.,.,.309,.3 BAA110101009,.309 TTM,5. BEP800 TDT,,.,.,.,.309,.3 BAA110101009,.309 TTM,0. BEP900 TDT,,.,.,.,.010,.0 BAA110101010,.010 TTM,5. BEP900 TDT,,.,.,.,.010,.0 BAA110101010,.010
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CREEP option, see Implicit Creep Equations in the Element Reference, and Implicit Creep Procedure in this chapter. For information on the BISO option, see Bilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.42. HILL and CREEP and MISO Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic implicit creep with multilinear isotropic hardening plasticity.
!MS TBE IO AL
T,IL1 BHL, !HL TBE IL AL TDT,,.,.,.,.50908 BAA110110908,.,.0 T,RE,,, BCEP1,2 !CEPTBE RE AL TDT,,.65-450-.,. BAA1152E1,.,0500
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CREEP option, see Implicit Creep Equations in the Element Reference, and Implicit Creep Procedure in this chapter. For information on the MISO option, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.43. HILL, CREEP and PLAS (Multilinear Isotropic Hardening) Example

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In addition to the TB,MISO example (above), you can also use material plasticity. The multilinear isotropic hardening option - TB,PLAS, , , ,MISO is combined with HILL anisotropic plasticity and implicit CREEP in the following example:
M,X12.E PE,,005 M,UY103 PNX,,. T,LS1,,IO BPA,,7MS TP,0000300 BT,.00,00 TP,40E3300 BT,.0-,20 TP,81E3380 BT,.0-,30 TP,12E2300 BT,.5-,50 TP,21E2350 BT,.8-,60 TP,31E2300 BT,.0-,80 TP,40E2300 BT,.5-,90 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!MS TBE IO AL
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CREEP option, see Implicit Creep Equations in the Element Reference, and Implicit Creep Procedure in this chapter. For information on the MISO option, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.44. HILL and CREEP and NLISO Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic implicit creep with nonlinear isotropic hardening plasticity.
!NIOTBE LS AL
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CREEP option, see Implicit Creep Equations in the Element Reference, and Implicit
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Creep Procedure in this chapter. For information on the NLISO option, see Nonlinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.45. HILL and CREEP and BKIN Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling anisotropic implicit creep with bilinear kinematic hardening plasticity.
M,X117 PE,,e M,UY103 PNX,,.2 T,KN1 BBI, TDT,,20,00 BAA140010 T,RE,,, BCEP1,6 TDT,,.e2,.,,,, BAA174-1350000 !EATCCNTNS LSI OSAT
!BI TBE KN AL
!CEPTBE RE ALS
T,IL1 BHL, !HL TBE IL AL TDT,,.510,.,.,.,. BAA111,.510101010
For information on the HILL option, see Hill's Anisotropy in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information on the CREEP option, see Implicit Creep Equations in the Element Reference, and Implicit Creep Procedure in this chapter. For information on the BKIN option, see Bilinear Kinematic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter.
8.4.2.46. Hyperelasticity and Viscoelasticity (Implicit) Example

This input listing illustrates the combination of implicit hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity.
c023 1=9 c117 0=7 T,YE,,,ON BHPR1,MO TDT,,1,0 BAA1c0c1 a=. 101 a=. 202 a=. 303 t=0 11 t=0 210 t=00 310 t,rn,,3ser bpoy1,,ha tdt,,1t,2t,3t baa1a,1a,2a,3
!! tp 1i Moe-iln !! ye s onyRvi
!dfn Poycntns eie rn osat
For information on hyperelasticity, see Hyperelastic Material Constants in the Element Reference, and Hyperelasticity Material Model in this chapter.
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For information on the viscoelasticity, see Viscoelastic Material Constants in the Element Reference, and Viscoelasticity in this chapter.
8.4.2.47. EDP and CREEP and PLAS (MISO) Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling Extended Drucker-Prager with implicit creep and with multilinear hardening.
y=0. s100 apa01 lh=. ! !eieepfrmtra 1 dfn d o aeil ! t,d,,,YU bep1,LFN tdt,,lh,s baa1apay t,d,,,FO bep1,LPT tdt,,lh baa1apa ! !eiems hreigfrmtra 1 dfn io adnn o aeil ! t,lsi,,2ms bpatc1,,io tp,ei00y btdf,.,s tp,ei110+s btdf,,00y ! !eieipii cepfrmtra 1 dfn mlct re o aeil ! t,re,,41 bcep1,, tdt,,.e2050500 baa110-,.,.,. /ou sl KC0 B, ngo,n lemo cvo,,.,.e1 ntlF1010-0 rt,n aeo ote,l,l ursalal tm, ie5 nu,0,001 sb1010,0 sl ov
For information on the EDP option, see: The EDP argument and associated specifications in the TB command documentation Extended Drucker-Prager in the Element Reference Extended Drucker-Prager Creep Model in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications For information about the MISO and other material-hardening options, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information about the CREEP option, see Implicit Creep Equations in the Element Reference, and Implicit Creep Procedure in this chapter.
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8.4.2.48. CAP and CREEP and PLAS (MISO) Example

This input listing illustrates an example of modeling geomaterial cap with implicit creep and multilinear hardening.
T,D,,1,YU BEP1,1CFN tdt, baa 1 , 10 . tdt, baa 2 , 10 . tdt, baa 3 , -0 8 tdt, baa 4 , 1 0 tdt, baa 5 , 001 .0 tdt, baa 6 , 2 tdt, baa 7 , 00 .5 tdt, baa 8 , 10 . tdt, baa 9 , 06 . tdt, baa 1, 0 3010 ./00 tdt, baa 1, 1 00 . t,lsi,,2ms bpatc1,,io tp,ei0080 btdf,.,. tp,ei10100 btdf,.,0. t,re,,41 bcep1,, te,acse bocp,ha tdt,,.e4060400 baa110-,.,.,. t,re,,41 bcep1,, te,accm bocp,op tdt,,.e2050500lemo baa120-,.,.,.ngo,n cvo,,.,.e1 ntlF1010-0 rt,n aeo ote,l,l ursalal tm, ie5 nu,0,001 sb1010,0 sl ov
For information about the cap model, see: The TB,EDP command's cap model argument (T O T and associated specifications. BP) EDP Cap Material Constants in the Element Reference. Cap Creep Model in the Theory Reference for the Mechanical APDL and Mechanical Applications. For information about the MISO and other material-hardening options, see Multilinear Isotropic Hardening in the Element Reference, and Plastic Material Models in this chapter. For information about the CREEP option, see Implicit Creep Equations in the Element Reference, and Implicit Creep Procedure in this chapter.
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Material Modelling

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12/20/12

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4.1. Nonlinear Materials

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4.1.1.1. Plastic Material Models

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

Extended Drucker-Prager Cast Iron

Gurson Plasticity Cap Model

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

TP,000,. BT,.9010 TP,01910 BT,.2,.5

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

!Tmeaue=50 eprtr 0 !Patcsri,srs a tmeaue=50 lsi tan tes t eprtr 0

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

TTM,0 BEP10 TDT,,1,1,1,1 BAA1C1C2C3C4 TTM,0 BEP20 TDT,,2,2,2,2 BAA1C1C2C3C4

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

t,d,,,YU bep1,LFN tdt,,.567845 baa1222,.967

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4.1.2. Multilinear Elasticity Material Model

8.4.1.3. Hyperelasticity Material Model

8.4.1.3.1. Mooney-Rivlin Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,MOONEY)

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4.1.3.2. Ogden Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,OGDEN)

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

constants required for this option.

8.4.1.3.3. Neo-Hookean Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,NEO)

8.4.1.3.4. Polynomial Form Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,POLY)

8.4.1.3.5. Arruda-Boyce Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,BOYCE)

material constants required for this option.

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

material constants required for this option.

8.4.1.3.6. Gent Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,GENT)

8.4.1.3.7. Yeoh Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,YEOH)

8.4.1.3.8. Blatz-Ko Foam Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,BLATZ)

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4.1.3.9. Ogden Compressible Foam Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,FOAM)

8.4.1.3.10. Response Function Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,RESPONSE)

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4.1.3.11. User-Defined Hyperelastic Option (TB,HYPER,,,,USER)

8.4.1.4. Bergstrom-Boyce Hyperviscoelastic Material Model

TDT,5 03 BAA , .3 !eiemtra cntn Dfn aeil osat https://www.sharcnet.ca/Software/Fluent13/help/ans_str/Hlp_G_STR8_3.html#strplasttlm61199445

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4.1.5. Mullins Effect Material Model

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4.1.6. Anisotropic Hyperelasticity Material Model

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4.1.7. Creep Material Model

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4.1.7.1. Implicit Creep Procedure

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4.1.7.2. Explicit Creep Procedure

8.4.1.8. Shape Memory Alloy Material Model

See TB, and TBDATA for more information.

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities

t,rn,,1ser bpoy1,,ha tdt,,.,. baa10520 t,rn,,1bl bpoy1,,uk tdt,,.,. baa10520

!eievsoiyprmtr dfn icst aaees !eievsoiyprmtr dfn icst aaees