HOMEOSTASIS

Power point@lecture Slides Are Prepared By Biology Lecturer, KMPk

TOPICS
.1 Concept of homeostasis .2 .3 Negative feedback mechanism Human Homeostatic organs: 9.3.1 Structure and functions of liver 9.3.2 Structure and functions of kidney

PREVIOUS LESSON

Water movement through xylem

Pressure flow hypothesis

OBJECTIVES
t the end of this lesson, students should be able to: xplain the concept of homeostasis and describe the homeostatic control system. xplain the negative feedback in controlling blood glucose

19.1 CONCEPT OF HOMEOSTASIS

HOMEOSTASIS (homois same stasis - standing) Maintenance of a constant internal environment within a living organism

19.1 CONCEPT OF HOMEOSTASIS

A feedback system
A cycle of events in which the status of body condition is continually monitored, evaluated, changed, re monitory, re-evaluated and so on

Variables involved
Body temperature Blood pressure Blood glucose level Blood pH

Controlled conditions

19.1 CONCEPT OF HOMEOSTASIS

Stimulus Any disruption condition that changes a controlled

Receptor Feedback Systems 3 Basic Components Effector

Control Center

19.1 CONCEPT OF HOMEOSTASIS

Receptor:
A body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition Sends INPUT in the form of nerve impulses or chemical signals to a control center Eg: hypothalamus

19.1 CONCEPT OF HOMEOSTASIS

Control center
Receives and controls information (INPUT) from the receptor Triggers the action (OUTPUT) that will correct the change

19.1 CONCEPT OF HOMEOSTASIS

Output from the control center can occur in several forms:
nerve impulses, hormones , or other chemical signals

Eg: pituitary gland, adrenal gland

19.1 CONCEPT OF HOMEOSTASIS

Effector
A body structure that receives output from the control centre Produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition
Eg: thyroid gland, liver, muscle

19.1 CONCEPT OF HOMEOSTASIS

H OM E OS T A T I C CON T R OL SY STE M

19.1 CONCEPT OF HOMEOSTASIS

19.1 CONCEPT OF HOMEOSTASIS FEEDBACK SYSTEMS

NEGATIVE POSITIVE

19.2 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

Used by most of the body's systems Information caused by the feedback causes a reverse of the response Output turns down or shuts off the original stimulus

19.2 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

Example: Regulation of blood glucose levels

19.2 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

Regulation of blood g

19.2 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

Involves negative feedback mechanism Receptor Cells of islets of Langerhans Control Center Liver, muscle cells and other tissues When blood glucose level increase,
- cells of islets Of Langerhans in the pancreas are stimulated Releasing insulin

Effectors

19.2 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

Insulin
Causes the body cells to take up glucose from the blood Stimulates the liver, muscle cells and other tissues to store glucose as glycogen Glucose
Insulin

Glycogen

Blood glucose level return to normal

Set point : desired level

19.2 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

When blood glucose level decrease, - cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
Release glucagon

Glucagon
Stimulates the liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose Glucagon Blood glucose level return to normal (set point)

Glycogen

Glucose

19.2 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

CONCLUSION

H OM E OS T A T I C CON T R OL SY STE M

CONCLUSION

Concept of homeostasis in regulating blood pressure

CONCLUSION
Too High
Pancreas secretes insulin Liver, muscle cells coverts glucose to glycogen

Soon after a meal

Blood glucose level falls

normal blood glucose level

Long after a meal

normal blood glucose level

Pancreas secretes glucagon Liver converts Too glycogen to Low glucose

Blood glucose level rises

CONCLUSION

Concept of homeostasis

NEXT LECTURE
19.3 Human Homeostatic Organs: liver and kidney 19.3.1 Structure and functions of liver