16.

0 PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Power point@lecture Slides Are Prepared By Biology Lecturer, KMPk

PREVIOUS LESSON

SUBTOPICS 16.3 Light Dependent Reaction

OBJECTIVE
Explain the photoactivation of chlorophyll resulting in the conversion of light energy into ATP and reduced NADP+

16.3 Light Dependent Reaction

Stages of Photosynthesis 1. Light Dependent Reactions - thylakoid membranes 2. Light Independent Reactions - stroma

16.3 Light Dependent Reaction

- transform light energy into chemical energy that is trapped and carried by ATP and NADPH to Calvin cycle

Excitation of Chlorophyll by Light

When a chlorophyll molecule absorbs a photon of light, An electron boosts to an orbital of higher energy Pigment molecule in an excited state.

Photosystem

Chlorophyll molecules are organized along with other small organic molecules and proteins into complexes called photosystem. Light harvesting complex of thylakoid membrane.

Photosystem:
Composed of : Reaction center complex
organized association of protein holding special pair of chlorophyll a molecules

Light harvesting complex: antenna molecule Primary electron acceptor

traps excited state electrons released from the reaction center chlorophyll. The reaction center complex contain molecule capable for accepting electron and become reduced.

Types of photosystems
Photosystem I reaction center: P700 Absorption peak: 700 nm Photosystem II reaction center: P680 Absorption peak: 680 nm

Photosystem Harvest Light

Photon strikes a pigment molecule in light harvesting complex (antenna molecule) Energy passed from one molecule to another Until reaches reaction center complex An excited electron from reaction center chrolophyll transferred to primary electron acceptor

(Accessory pigment) 14

Light Dependent Reaction

Photophosphorylation
Process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by chemiosmosis, using a proton motive force generated across the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast during light reaction of photosynthesis

Types:
Non cyclic photophosphorylation Cyclic photophosphorylation

Photophosphorylation

Non-cyclic Photophophorylation

non-cyclic photophosphorylation
1.pigments in photosystem II absorbs light electron excited captured by the primary electron acceptor chlorophyll molecules in the reaction centre loses an electron & become oxidized

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2.Enzyme catalyze water splitting. Electrons from hydrogen atom are transferred to P680.

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Water photolysis
The important of water photolysis To replace electron in photosystem II H2O 2H+ +2e- + O2
The proton (H+) are used to reduced NADP+. Oxygen is given off or used in respiration

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3. The electrons from primary electron acceptor of PSII are pass along an electron transport chain, before ending up at an oxidized photosystem I reaction center.
electron transport chain

a series of carriers that pass electron from one to another

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4. The energy lost when these electrons pass along the electron transport chain and will used to form ATP from ADP -chemiosmosis

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5. At the bottom of this electron transport chain, the electrons fill an electron hole in an oxidized P700 center. Hole is created when photons excite electrons on the Photosystem I
electron

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At the same time,P700 absorbs photon and electron are emitted and accepted by primary electron acceptor of PS I

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6. Then electron are passed to the electron transport chain, ferrodoxin (Fd) and then to an enzyme called NADP+ reductase This chain doesnt create a proton gradient, not produce ATP

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NADP+ reductase catalyse the transfer of electron frm Fd to NADP+ 2 e- + NADP+ + 2H+ NADPH

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Cyclic photophosphorylation
Photosystem I acts as its own, without photosystem II The P700 molecule which is the reaction centre of photosystem I absorbs photon and become energised the electron

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Cyclic photophosphorylation

The electron are emitted and taken up by the primary electron acceptor

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Cyclic photophosphorylation
The electrons pass along the electron transport chain, before back to reaction centre of PSI The energy lost when these electrons pass along the transport chain and will used to form ATP from ADP -chemiosmosis
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Cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation occur at the same time.

Comparision of cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation

Non-cyclic Cyclic Photophosphorylation Photophosphorylation Involve PS I and PS II Involve only PS I e- flow is non-cyclic H2O is 1st e- donor Last e- acceptor is NADP Products are ATP, NADPH and O2
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e- flow is cyclic From PS I (P700) PS 1 (P700) ATP is produce

QUESTIONS
1. What is photolysis? 2. What is photophosphorylation? 3. What are the products of non-cyclic photophosphorylation? 4. How are photosystem I and photosystem II similar? How are they different?
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NEXT LECTURE

16.4 Light independent reaction/ Calvin Cycle