International Journal of Automobile Engineering Research and Development (IJAuERD) ISSN 2277-4785 Vol.

2 Issue 3 Dec 2012 23-30 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.,

EXPERIMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE OF A CASTOR OIL AS FUTURE TRANSMISSION LUBRICANT

1 1

D. S. CHINCHKAR & 2S.T. SATPUTE

PG Student, Dept. of Automobile Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Sakharale. Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India

Dept. of Automobile Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Sakharale. Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India

ABSTRACT
Castor oil can be the next transmission lubricant with best chemical composition it is future transmission oil while comparing Castrol glx 90 with various comparative property. In this paper experimentation of Castrol glx 90 and newly prepared castor oil on transmission test set up with 5 cycles each is tested. Various properties at different conditions are tested and compared with Castrol glx 90.

KEYWORDS: Castor Oil, Castrol glx 90, Engine Oil, Testing INTRODUCTION
It is required to develop some bio product in vehicle systems because lubricant available in existence vehicle is from byproduct of crude oil and it is non renewable energy source so for vehicle lubrication system includes engine, transmission, brake, and steering system from which after engine, second most consumable system is transmission it requires near about 20 liter/year for LMV according to this information carbon cycle is increased because lubricant used in todays vehicle is byproduct of crude oil. Also the cost of this lubricant is higher, temperature of transmission system also increased. Due to set back of today transmission lubricant there is necessity of another way of production of transmission lubricant for this better option is from non-edible oil seeds there are variety of non edible oil seed are available from which castor is best suited because India is the worlds largest producer of castor seed and meets most of the global demand for castor. It is oxygenated lubricant which is helpful for reducing the overall temperature of transmission and thus efficiency of transmission is increased. Also it is cheaper than the conventional oil or synthetic oil and ecofriendly option for future development.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Characteristics of Lubricant Castor lubricating oil named as castor oil produced from joint venture of Indian Biodiesel Corporation Baramati, Maharashtra, India and Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Islampur, Maharashtra, India. Characterization of castor oil was done as per the American society for testing of materials (ASTM) standards. The Various characteristics studied were kinematic viscosity, density, acid value, flash point, cloud point and carbon residues. Experimental Setup and Measuring Devices Used The gear box test rig consists of electric motor, gear box, hydraulic dynamometer and the display panel. In this test set up different torque ratio is available which help for loading. Oil is tested at 4th gear for durability point of view and

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D. S. Chinchkar & S.T. Satpute

performance of oil is counted with 2nd, 3rd and 4th gear. Highest torque available is 49 Nm at 1450 RPM according to this condition test is conducted at 48 Nm at 1450 RPM. Specification of main component and detail procedure of test are listed below.

Fig.1: Experimental Setup Developed AC Motoring Dynamometer Electric Motor It consist of an AC motor converted to a motoring dynamometer. The motor is cradle mounted in Trunion bearings. The stator of the motor has a pin fitted on to the body on which, an universal S type Load cell is mounted for Input torque measurement. The electric motor is a 4 pole, 3 phase AC Induction motor of Crompton Greaves make. The rating of motor is 10 BHP @1450 RPM. Motor speed is varied and controlled by a variable frequency AC Drive of Yaskawa make. It is possible to vary the RPM of the motor in the range of 600 to 3500 RPM. This assembly can be moved in the slots provided on common base frame so as to be adjusted with different gear box. Hydraulic Dynamometer The hydraulic Dynamometer is ATE make, with rated power 60 BHP @1500 RPM and Max. Power 169 BHP. The max. test speed is 7500 RPM. The Dynamometer has load cell type weighing mechanism. Gear Box The gear box presently used is of Peugeot Jeep. It is 4 forward , 1 Reverse with manual shift, of constant mesh type. The gear box is mounted on a separate frame, so that the gear box can be changed as and when required Drive Shafts These are used for coupling between the Prime-mover to gear box, and between gear box to Dynamometer.

Experimentation on Performance of a Castor Oil as Future Transmission Lubricant

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Common Base Frame All the above are mounted on a common fabricated base frame which is leveled on ground by means of 6 Nos. Anti-vibration Mounts. Control Panel The control panel houses the following itemsa. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. Yaskawa AC Drive with necessary wiring, contactors etc. Potentiometer to vary the speed of the motor. Digital indicator for input torque. Digital indicator for input speed Digital indicator for output torque Digital indicator for output speed Start and emergency stop Switches Forward and reverse direction selector switch

TESTING PROCEDURE
After checking primary check proceed further to carry out the load test as per the decided sequence as follows :1) 2) 3) 4) Switch ON the panel In this condition the motor shaft should not rotate. Use gear shifter to engage in to 4th gear Gradually turn the speed demand potentiometer clockwise to increase the RPM to desired value. This speed can be observed on the digital indicator for Input speed. 5) 6) Maintain the RPM at 1450 to 1480 Apply the torque as desired as per the test sequence decided. Which is 48 N-m while applying the torque, take care that applied torque should not exceed the maximum value at the corresponding speed that is 1450 RPM. 7) 8) 9) Take the reading of thermometer after every interval of 1 hour. Test cycle duration is 8 hours and number of cycle is 5 for every sample. We are taken 2 samples which is a) CASTROL GLX 90

b) CASTOR OIL

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Characterization of reference lube oil and castor oil Reference lube oil means Castrol glx 90 oil and castor oil were characterize for viscosity, flashpoint, cloud point, acid value and carbon residues. The results obtained are given in Table 1 both oils samples were taken from time to time during experiment and it was analyzed through its change in properties. Based upon the test the change in properties of both oil after use were tabulated in Table 2 and table 3.

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D. S. Chinchkar & S.T. Satpute

Table 1: Properties of Castrol Oil (as a Reference Oil) and Castor Oil before Use (1) Sr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Characteristics Specific gravity Kinematic viscosity @ 40 0c Kinematic viscosity @ 90 0c Flash point Pour point pH Moisture Acid value Density Cloud point Unit Cst Cst 0 c 0 c
% mgKOH/gm Gm/cc 0

Test Method ASTM D1298 ASTM D445 ASTM D445 ASTM D93 ASTM D2500

Castrol 0.896 135 30.5 198 -39 6.8 0.015 0.36 0.89 -37

ASTM D664 ASTM D1298 ASTM D2500

Castor (treated) 0.881 141 54.7 210 -6 6.8 0.07 3.1 0.889 <-4

Table 2: Properties of Castrol Oil (as a Reference Oil) After Using (1) Reference Oil Castrol Oil 8 hrs run Clear yellow 3.0 0.896 30.5 0.890 0.5 6.8 198 203 16 hrs run Clear yellow 3.0 0.910 37.8 0.890 0.7 6.8 198 203 24 hrs run Clear yellow 3.0 0.930 44.5 0.895 0.7 6.8 198 203 32 hrs run Clear yellow 3.0 0.940 51.8 0.905 0.7 6.7 198 203 40 hrs run Clear yellow 3.0 0.962 51.8 0.910 0.7 6.8 198 203

Sr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Characteristics Appearance Color Specific gravity Kinematic viscosity @90 Density Acid value Ph Flash point Fire point

Unit g/cm3 Cst MgKOH/g 0 0

Test Method Visual ASTM D 1500 ASTM D1298 ASTM D445 D664 ASTM D92 -

c c

Table 3: Properties of Castor Oil After Using (1) Reference Oil Castrol Oil 8 hrs run Gr black 2-3 0.890 54.7 0.885 3.5 6.8 210 218 16 hrs run Gr black 2-3 0.915 54.7 0.886 3.5 6.7 210 218 24 hrs run Gr black 2-3 0.925 54.7 0.886 3.7 6.7 210 218 32 hrs run Gr black 2-3 0.935 58.9 0.886 3.9 6.8 210 218 40 hrs run Gr black 2-3 0.935 59.1 0.890 3.9 6.8 210 218

Sr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Characteristics Appearance Color Specific gravity Kinematic viscosity @90 Density Acid value Ph Flash point Fire point

Unit g/cm3 Cst MgKOH/g 0 0

Test Method Visual ASTM D 1500 ASTM D1298 ASTM D445 D664 ASTM D92 -

c c

Experimentation on Performance of a Castor Oil as Future Transmission Lubricant

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Gear Box Performance Test Table 4: Castor Oil Gear Box Performance Observation Table CASTOR OIL @ Top gear Input Input Output Torque N-m RPM Torque N-m 5.5 1481 3.0 16.1 1472 14.3 25.2 1463 23.2 35.8 1453 33.7 45.8 1444 43.3 49.7 1440 47.3

Output RPM 1481 1472 1463 1453 1444 1440

Power I/P Kw 0.8835 2.4805 3.8588 5.4444 6.9221 7.4907

Power O/P Kw 0.5890 2.2031 3.5525 5.1251 6.5443 7.1290

Losses Kw 0.2945 0.2773 0.3062 0.3193 0.3778 0.3617

Efficiency % 66.66 88.82 92.06 94.13 94.54 95.17

CASTROL OIL @ Top gear Input Input Output Torque Torque N-m RPM N-m 6.3 1484 3.9 16.0 1481 13.4 25.6 1473 22.6 35.5 1464 32.2 45.1 1456 41.6 49.2 1453 45.7

Output RPM 1484 1481 1473 1464 1456 1453

Power I/P Kw 0.9790 2.4814 3.9488 5.4424 6.8764 6.9536

Power O/P Kw 0.6060 2.0782 3.4860 4.9365 6.3428 6.9536

Losses Kw 0.3729 0.4032 0.4628 0.5059 0.5336 0.5325

Efficiency % 61.90 83.75 88.28 90.70 92.24 92.88

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D. S. Chinchkar & S.T. Satpute

Result Comparative Graphs

Fig. 7: Comparative Graph of Sp. Gravity of all Cycles Fig. 2: Temperature Graph of Cycle 1

Fig 8. Comparative Graph of ki. Viscosity of all Fig. 3: Temperature Graph of Cycle 2 Cycles

Fig. 4: Temperature Graph of Cycle 3

Fig. 9: Comparative Graph of Density of all Cycles

Fig. 10: Comparative Graph of Ph Value of All Fig. 5: Temperature Graph of Cycle 4 Cycles

Fig. 6: Temperature Graph of Cycle 5 Fig. 11: Comparative Graph of Fl. Point of All Cycles

Experimentation on Performance of a Castor Oil as Future Transmission Lubricant

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Fig. 12: Comparative Graph of fi. Point of all Cycles

Fig.13: Gearbox Performance Test

CONCLUSIONS
Specific gravity of Castrol oil and castor oil at the start is 0.896 and 0.890 after 40 hours cycle Castrol oil is 0.962 and that of castor oil is 0.935 which indicates that specific gravity of castor oil not changing easily or slightly change in specific gravity that of Castrol oil. That means weight density of castor oil is not changing easily compare to Castrol oil.It is very impossible to check viscosity at 40 0c with Ostwalds apparatus due to castor and Castrol oil is very viscous. Viscosity change in Castrol oil is 33% which means less change in castor oil during 40 hours cycle change in viscosity of Castrol oil is 21.3 Cst and comparing to castor oil it is only 4.4 cst it means that viscosity property changing in percentage is less in castor oil which is beneficial point of view that is life of oil is more. Change in density also less in Castor oil as compared to the Castrol GLX 90(reference oil) having value is 0.890 at beginning and at alst test it is 0.910 that of castor oil is 0.885 to 0.890 that is changes in density is less (in percentage) in castor oil than Castrol oil.Acid value in terms of MgKOH/g is 0.7 of Castrol oil and 3.9 of castor oil which means castor oil near to neutral position acid value means COOH is group is lower in the Castrol value and higher in castor oil it may due to reaction between solvent mixture and castor oil. pH is maintained throughout the test for both Castrol and castor oil. So both oils are near about neutral position not acidic in nature. Flash point of castor oil is higher than the Castrol oil which is 198 and 210 0c hence castor oil sustain more temperature compare to Castrol oil. Fire point also more of castor oil than Castrol oil which is 217 0c and 203
0

c means castor oil suitable at high temperature also. Temperature of castor oil is maintained at 59 0c and that of Castrol oil

is 66 0c with this result it is seen that castor oil is best suitable for vehicle transmission it is constant at 59 0c and Castrol oil 66 0c it gives higher efficiency with higher durability. Note All properties are tested at Indian biodiesel corporation ltd. Baramati, Maharashtra, India

REFERENCES
1. 2. N. Bobade, Report of Indian biodiesel corporation ltd, baramati, india . Vellguth G, Performance of vegetable oils and their monoesters as fuels for diesel engines SAE paper no. 831358, 1983. 3. N.R. Banapurmath, P.G. Tewari, R.S. Hosmath performance and emission characteristics of a di compressionignitionengine operated on honge, jatropha and sesame oil methyl esters Renewable Energy 33 (2008) 821988 [4] 4. A.K. Hossain, P.A. Davies, plant oils as fuels for compression ignition engines: a technical review and lifecycle analysis Renewable Energy 35 (2010) 113.