PSYCHOMETRIC TESTS

Introduction The British Psychological Society defines psychometric tests as: 'any procedure on the basis of which inferences are made concerning a person's capacity, propensity or liability to act, react, experience, or to structure or order thought or behaviour in particular ways'. Psychometric tests are used by large, medium, and an increasing number of small firms. Over 70 % of larger companies are currently using psychometric tests to gather vital information from potential and current employees. More and more companies are using psychometric tests for: 1. Graduate recruitment 2. Filtering out candidates when there are large numbers of applicants They are also used to assess existing employees for: 1. training and staff development needs 2. Promotion What do psychometric tests measure? Psychometric tests may measure aptitude, personality or interests: Aptitude Tests these measure how people differ in their ability to perform or carry out different tasks. (these are the type of test you are most likely to find at the first stage of a selection process). Interest Tests these measure how people vary in their motivation, in the direction and strength of their interests, and in their values and opinions (these are less likely to be used on new graduates but are sometimes). Personality Tests these measure how people differ in their style or manner of doing things, and in the way they interact with their environment and other people. Whereas aptitude tests measure your maximum performance capacity, the other tests examine typical or preferred behaviour.

Why use psychometrics in an employment setting? The main advantages of using psychometric tests are: 1. Objectivity - they dramatically reduce bias and personal perspective. 2. Clarity - they provide a robust framework and structure. 3. Equality and fairness for all individuals (tests are standardised so that all individuals receive the same treatment). 4. Increase the likelihood of being able to predict future job performance (they have a high level of predictive validity). 5. The identification of training needs. 6. Encourage employers to do thorough job analysis in order to identify appropriate skills and abilities. This helps to ensure that candidates for a position are assessed on skills only relevant to the job. Some uses of psychometric tests are: Selection of candidates for jobs Personal development/identification of training needs/staff development Careers guidance Building and developing teams

How do we interpret psychometric tests? Depending on the structure of the assessment, there are two different methods of interpretation: 1. Make comparisons between the individual and a reference group (for instance, the general national population of third year undergraduates). This type of external reference is used frequently in personnel selection to distinguish between candidates in terms of their numerical, verbal and abstract reasoning ability as well as personality. This type of reference group is called a norm group due to its relationship to the normal curve. 2. Some psychometrics tests are internally rather than externally referenced, asking respondents to make a choice of preferred styles of behaviour - no comparison group is used.

Psychometric are increasingly online and timed, but can be delivered in formal 'examination-type' circumstances under strictly timed conditions. Candidates are on separate tables and not allowed to converse with each other. Candidates are given standardised

instructions and usually at least one practice question. The answer sheet is handed in and scored either then or later. Feedback should always be given. Clearly these circumstances can be a little frightening so it is advisable to practice being tested where possible to learn to overcome 'nerves' which might interfere with performance particularly for aptitude tests which usually depend on how many accurate answers the candidate achieves in the allocated time. On the following pages are examples of questions of the type you might experience when completing an ability psychometric test. You might encounter the other types of psychometric tests during selection, i.e. interest and personality tests. Whilst their use is rare it is on the increase. Most notably Marks and Spencer use a personality test to assess potential candidates to their graduate vacancies before they even receive an application form. However whilst ability tests are widely used, personality and interest inventories use are not widespread.