RIPv1 & RIPv2

Routing Protocols and Concepts Chapter 5

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Introduction
Difference between RIPv1 & RIPv2 RIPv1 -A classful distance vector routing protocol -Does not support discontiguous subnets -Does not support VLSM -Does not send subnet mask in routing update -Routing updates are broadcast RIPv2 -A classless distance vector routing protocol that is an enhancement of RIPv1s features. -Next hop address is included in updates -Routing updates are multicast -The use of authentication is an option
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Introduction
Similarities between RIPv1 & RIPv2 1. Use of holddown timers to prevent routing loops 2. Use of split horizon or split horizon with poison reverse also to prevent routing loops 3. Use of triggered updates when there is a change in the topology for faster convergence. 4. Maximum hop count of 15

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RIP Message Formats

Comparing RIPv1 & RIPv2 Message Formats
RIPv2 Message format is similar to RIPv1 but has 2 extensions

1st extension is the subnet mask field 2nd extension is the addition of next hop address

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RIPv1 Operation
RIP uses 2 message types: 1. Request message -This is sent out on startup by each RIP enabled interface -Requests all RIP enabled neighbors to send routing table 2. Response message -Message sent to requesting router containing routing table

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RIP- Administrative Distance

RIPs default administrative distance is 120

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Basic RIPv1 Configuration

A topology used to configure RIPv1.

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Basic RIPv1 Configuration

To enable RIP enter: -Router rip at the global configuration prompt -Prompt will look like R1(config-router)#

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Basic RIPv1 Configuration

Specifying Networks, Use the network command to: 2. Enable RIP on all interfaces that belong to this network 3. Advertise this network in RIP updates sent to other routers every 30 seconds

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Configuring RIPv2
Configuring RIP on a Cisco router (By default it is running RIPv1) Configuring RIPv2 on a Cisco router -Requires using the version 2 command -RIPv2 ignores RIPv1 updates To verify RIPv2 is configured use the show ip protocols command

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Configuring RIPv2

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Verification and Troubleshooting

Use the following commands: show ip route show ip protocols debug ip rip

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Verification and Troubleshooting

show ip protocols Displays routing protocol configured on router

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Verification and Troubleshooting

Debug ip rip command -Used to display RIP routing updates as they are happening

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Passive interface RIPv1

Sending out unneeded updates on a LAN impacts the network in three ways: 1. Bandwidth is wasted transporting unnecessary updates. Because RIP updates are broadcast, switches will forward the updates out all ports. 2. All devices on the LAN must process the update up to the Transport layers, where the receiving device will discard the update. 3. Advertising updates on a broadcast network is a security risk. RIP updates can be intercepted with packet sniffing software. Routing updates can be modified and sent back to the router.
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Passive interface RIPv1

Passive interface command used to prevent a router from sending updates through an interface -Example: Router(config-router)#passive-interface interface-type interface-number

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Automatic Summarization RIPv1

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Automatic Summarization RIPv1

Summarization: Consolidation of networks and advertised in classful network advertisements. In rip this classful a single summary route to be advertised to others routers. The original scenario has been modified such that: Three classful networks are used: 172.30.0.0/16 192.168.4.0/24 192.168.5.0/24 The 172.30.0.0/16 network is subnetted into three subnets: 172.30.1.0/24 172.30.2.0/24 172.30.3.0/24 The following devices are part of the 172.30.0.0/16 classful network address: All interfaces on R1 S0/0/0 and Fa0/0 on R2
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Automatic Summarization RIPv1

Boundary Routers RIP automatically summarizes classful networks Boundary routers summarize RIP subnets from one major network to another.

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Automatic Summarization RIPv1

RIP uses automatic summarization to reduce the size of a routing table.

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Automatic Summarization RIPv1

Advantages of automatic summarization: -The size of routing updates is reduced -Single routes are used to represent multiple routes which results in faster lookup in the routing table.

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Automatic Summarization RIPv1

Disadvantage of Automatic Summarization: -Does not support discontiguous networks

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Auto-Summary & RIPv2

RIPv2 will automatically summarize routes at major network boundaries and can also summarize routes with a subnet mask that is smaller than the classful subnet mask

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Auto-Summary & RIPv2

Disabling AutoSummary in RIPv2 To disable automatic summarization issue the no auto-summary command

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Auto-Summary & RIPv2

When using RIPv2 with automatic summarization turned off, RIPv2 will no longer summarize networks to their classful address at boundary routers. RIPv2 will now include all subnets and their appropriate masks in its routing updates. The command show ip protocols can be used to verify that "automatic network summarization is not in effect."

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Default Route and RIPv1

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Default Route and RIPv1

To provide Internet connectivity to all other networks in the RIP routing domain, the default static route needs to be advertised to all other routers that use the dynamic routing protocol. We could configure a static default route on R1 pointing to R2, but this technique is not scalable. So we need propagating the Default Route in RIPv1. Default-information originate command
-This command is used to specify that the router is to originate default information, by propagating the static default route in RIP update.

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Default Route and RIPv1

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VLSM & CIDR

RIPv2 and VLSM Networks using a VLSM IP addressing scheme Use classless routing protocols (i.e. RIPv2) to disseminate network addresses and their subnet masks

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Remove RIP
To remove the RIP routing process use the following command no router rip

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Summary
Routing Protocol Distance Vector Classless Routing Protocol Uses HoldDown Timers Use of Split Horizon or Split Horizon w/ Poison Reverse Max Hop count = 15 Auto Summary Support CIDR Supports VLSM Uses Authentication

RIPv1

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

RIPv2

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

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Summary: Commands used by RIP

Command Rtr(config)#router rip Rtr(config-router)#network Commands purpose Enables RIP routing process Associates a network with a RIP routing process

Rtr#debug ip rip Rtr(config-router)#passive-interface fa0/0 Rtr(config-router)#default-information originate Rtr#show ip protocols

used to view real time RIP routing updates Prevent RIP updates from going out an interface Used by RIP to propagate default routes Used to display timers used by RIP

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