Fluid Mechanics Example In order to evaluate the mathematical expressions in this file, you must install the CompPad

extension to OpenOffice.org. For more information, see the CompPad Project Home Page: CompPad.sourceforge.net This problem is typical of what one might find in an undergraduate engineering fluid mechanics textbook. A transfer pump is used to transfer 100 gpm water. Assume the pump is 80% efficient. It draws water out of a tank and discharge through a sudden expansion to the upper reservoir. The surface of the the upper reservoir is 10 m above the surface of the lower, and both are open to atmosphere. Compute the shaft power required for the pump. Use type-K copper. Suction: 10 ft pipe, 2-3 ft/s, one elbow on the suction and the suction inlet projects into the reservoir tank. Discharge: 30 ft pipe, 4-5 ft/s, two elbows and two tees (flowing straight through), with a sudden expansion at the output to the upper reservoir. Units: m:=METER N :=NEWTON hp :=HORSEPOWER W :=WATT ft :=FOOT s :=SECOND gal :=GALLONxLIQUIDxUS inch:=unitsINCH Min:=60 s min is a keyword, so use Min instead. W = 1.000 mkg/s hp = 735.5 mkg/s Solution: 3 = 9810 kg/(ms) :=9810 N m Elevation z 1 :=0 m z 2 :=10 m Pump efficiency: :=0.80 Q :=100 gal / Min Use minimum pipe size / maximum velocity suction: L1 :=10 ft
v 1 :=3 ft / s Q A1 := v1 4 d 1 /inch = 3.690 d 1 := A 1 4 type-K pipe d 1 := 4.1250.1342inch d 1 /inch = 3.857 2 A1 := d 1 4 v 1 :=Q / A1 v 1 /[ ft / s] = 2.746

discharge: L 2 :=30 ft v 2 :=5 ft / s Q A2 := v2 4 d 2 /inch = 2.858 d 2 := A 2 3 type-K pipe d 2 :=3.1250.1092inch d 2 /inch = 2.907 2 A2 := d 2 4 v 2 :=Q / A2 v 2 /[ ft / s ] = 4.834

Compute friction factor Surface roughness k :=0.002 m Relative roughness 1 :=k /d 1 1 = 0.02041 Kinematic viscosity at 70 F :=1.052105 ft 2 /s = 9.77310 m/s Reynolds Number v d N R1 = 8.39010 N R1 := 1 1 v2 d 2 N R2 = 1.11310 N R2 := 2 g :=9.81 m/s f laminar :=64 / N R1 N R12300 1.325 8 f turb := N R15000 N R110 2 5.74 ln 1 0.9 3.7 N R1 f 1 := f laminar f turb f 1 = 0.04973

f laminar :=64 /N R2 N R22300 1.325 f turb := N R2 5000 N R210 8 2 5.74 ln 1 0.9 3.7 N R2 f 2 :=f laminar f turb f 2 = 0.04956

Frictional head loss

v2 h f1 :=f 1 L1 /d 1 1 2g 2 v2 h f2 :=f 2 L2 /d 2 2g

h f1 /[ ft ] = 0.1812 h f2 /[ft ] = 2.228

Compute minor losses http://www.geocities.com/gletiecq/theory3.html Inlet projecting into tank k inlet :=1 One suction elbow, Two discharge elbows k elbow :=0.9 Two tees flowing through k thrutee :=0.2 Conservative Sudden Expansion k exp :=1 Write energy equation for the system h pump z 1h lossz 2 v2 v2 1 h pump :=h f1 hf2 k inlet k elbow 2 k elbow2k thruteek exp 2 z 2z 1 2g 2g h pump /[ ft ] = 36.60 Pfluid :=h pump Q Pfluid /[W ] = 690.5 P fluid Pshaft := Pshaft /[W ] = 863.1 Pshaft /[hp] = 1.173